نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 فارغ التحصیل دکتری حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه.
2 2- دانشیار دانشگاه، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
چکیده
شته جالیز (Aphis gossypii Glover.) از آفات مهم کدوییان است. امروزه برای کنترل جمعیت این آفت، به ترکیب‌های سازگار با محیط‌زیست بیشتر توجه می‌شود. در این تحقیق سمّیت تنفسی اسانس دو گیاه بومادران (Achillea millefolium L.) و پونه (Mentha pulegium L.) روی حشرات کامل آفت مذکور، در غلظت و زمان‌های مختلف بررسی شد. همچنین، اثر زیرکشنده این دو اسانس روی پارامترهای زیستی شته جالیز بالغ بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که اسانس‌های موجود در این گیاهان باعث مرگ و میر معنی‌دار حشرات بالغ می‌شوند. مقدار LC50 اسانس گیاه بومادران و پونه روی شته جالیز به‌ترتیب معادل 34.9 و 23.34 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا بود. مقدار LT50 اسانس‌ها با غلظت 34.90 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا برای اسانس بومادران برابر با 12.3 ساعت و در غلظت 23.34 میکرولیتر بر لیتر هوا برای اسانس پونه برابر با 12.02 ساعت بدست آمد. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (rm) به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین پارامتر جدول زندگی آفت، در تیمار اسانس پونه برابر با 0.28 (ماده/ماده/روز: تعداد افراد ماده تولید شده به‌ازای هر فرد ماده در هر روز) و در تیمار اسانس بومادران 0.27 (ماده/ماده/روز) بود که نسبت به شاهد (0.34) کاهش معنی‌دار داشت. نتایج بررسی اثر زیرکشندگی این اسانس‌ها روی پارامترهای رشد جمعیت نشان داد که نرخ بقای وابسته به سن برای شته جالیز تیمار شده با اسانس‌ها نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. تیمارهای شاهد و پونه به‌ترتیب بیشترین (20.73 روز) و کمترین (10.97 روز) امید به زندگی را داشتند. نرخ خالص تولیدمثل در شته‌های تیمار شده با بومادران، پونه و کنترل به‌ترتیب برابر با 15.64 ،9.38 و 35.76 (ماده/ماده/نسل) محاسبه شد. این یافته‌ها نشان داد که اسانس دو گیاه مطالعه شده، پتانسیل بالایی از نظر سمّیت تنفسی و کاهش جمعیت شته جالیز برای استفاده در برنامه‌های کنترل تلفیقی آفت مذکور در گلخانه‌ها را دارا می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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