نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت مرتع، دانشگاه زابل
2 گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده آب و خاک، دانشگاه زابل
3 کارشناس پژوهشکده زیست فناوری، دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: میزان مواد مؤثره گیاهان دارویی در مراحل مختلف رشد آنها متفاوت است، بنابراین برای تعیین بهترین زمان برداشت هر یک از گونه‌های گیاهان دارویی، لازم است که میزان مواد مؤثره و فعالیت زیستی آن در مراحل مختلف رشد بررسی شود. گونه Tanacetum parthenium L. یکی از گونه‌های مهم جنس کاسنی می‌باشد که خواص دارویی متعددی دارد. در این مطالعه محتوای تام ترکیبات فنول، فلاونوئید، آلکالوئید و آنتوسیانین، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدباکتریایی عصاره اتانولی اندام‌های هوایی و ریشه T. parthenium در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی (رویشی، گلدهی و بذردهی) بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: بدین‌منظور فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل، آلکالوئید کل و آنتوسیانین کل در عصاره اتانولی اندام‌های هوایی و ریشه گیاه بابونه گاوی به روش اسپکتروفتومتری اندازه‌گیری شدند. فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها به روش مهار رادیکال آزاد 2 و 2 دی فنیل- 1- پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH) و فعالیت ضدباکتریایی عصاره‌ها در برابر باکتری‌های گرم مثبت (استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس و باسیلوس سرئوس) و باکتری‌های گرم منفی (اشریشیا کلی و سالمونلا تیفی‌موریوم) به روش‌های انتشار دیسک، حداقل غلظت مهار (MIC) و حداقل غلظت کشندگی (MBC) ارزیابی شد.
نتایج: حداکثر میزان فنول کل (1.2 ± 62.3 میلی‌گرم معادل اسید گالیک بر گرم وزن خشک گیاه)، فلاونوئید کل
(0.9 ± 35.7 میلی‌گرم معادل کوئرستین بر گرم وزن خشک گیاه)، آلکالوئید کل (0.6 ± 73.2 میلی‌گرم معادل آتروپین بر گرم وزن خشک گیاه) و آنتوسیانین کل (0.3 ± 4.2 میلی‌گرم معادل سیانیدین 3-گلوکوزید بر گرم وزن خشک گیاه) در عصاره اندام‌های هوایی گونه مورد مطالعه در مرحله گلدهی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج ارزیابی فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره‌ها نشان داد که عصاره اندام‌های هوایی در مرحله گلدهی گیاه دارای بالاترین فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (0.7 ± 75.3%) است و حداقل فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (0.9 ± 16.5%) برای عصاره ریشه در مرحله رویشی گیاه اندازه‌گیری گردید. براساس نتایج بررسی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی، بیشترین قطر هاله عدم رشد (0.3 ± 21 میلی‌متر) برای عصاره اندام‌های هوایی گیاه در مرحله گلدهی و در مقابل باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مشاهده شد و حداقل غلظت مهار (12.5 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) و حداقل غلظت کشندگی (25 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) در برابر باکتری مذکور و برای عصاره اندام‌های هوایی در مرحله گلدهی و رویشی ثبت شد. براساس نتایج، عصاره‌های گونه مورد مطالعه اثرگذاری بیشتری بر باکتری‌های گرم مثبت نسبت به باکتری‌های گرم منفی داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق می‌توان بیان کرد که عصاره گیاه‌بابونه گاوی در مرحله گلدهی دارای میزان قابل توجهی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی با خاصیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضدباکتریایی مناسب است و می‌توان از آن به‌عنوان منبع ترکیبات آنتی‌اکسیدان و آنتی‌بیوتیک طبیعی استفاده کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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