همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد نراق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نراق، ایران

چکیده

برای بررسی تأثیر کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی فسفر و اسید جیبرلیک بر عملکرد و اجزای آن و اسانس مریم‌گلی (Salvia officinalis L.) در منطقه قره‌چای استان مرکزی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سوپر فسفات تریپل در سه سطح (30، 70 و 100 درصد مقدار توصیه شده)، کود فسفر بیولوژیک بارور-2 در دو سطح (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد) و اسید جیبرلیک در سه سطح (0، 100 و ppm200) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر کود بارور-2، اسید جیبرلیک و سوپر فسفات تریپل بر تمام صفات عملکرد و اجزای آن و اسانس معنی‌دار بود. کود بارور-2 به‌ترتیب منجر به افزایش 7.7، 18.2 درصدی عملکرد اسانس و درصد اسانس و افزایش جزئی ترکیب‌های عمده اسانس نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین، مصرف ppm200 اسید جیبرلیک به‌ترتیب موجب افزایش 23.5 و 40.5 درصدی درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس در مقایسه با شاهد شد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد اسانس به‌ترتیب به میزان 3751 و 15.52 کیلوگرم در هکتار با کاربرد همزمان 100% سوپر فسفات تریپل توصیه شده، کود بارور-2 و ppm200 اسید جیبرلیک بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد آلفا-توجون (27.91%) به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین ترکیب اسانس با کاربرد همزمان 100% سوپر فسفات تریپل توصیه شده، کود بارور-2 و ppm100 اسید جیبرلیک بدست آمد. کاربرد همزمان اسید جیبرلیک و بارور-2 منجر به کاهش مصرف کود شیمیایی فسفر برای حصول خصوصیات رویشی بهتر و عملکرد و درصد اسانس بالا گردید، به‌طوری که در بسیاری از صفات، کاربرد70% سوپر فسفات تریپل توصیه شده در تلفیق با کود بارور-2 و اسید جیبرلیک، اختلاف معنی‌داری با مصرف 100% سوپر فسفات تریپل توصیه شده نداشت. بنابراین می‌توان با کاربرد همزمان ppm200 اسید جیبرلیک و بارور-2، بدون اینکه کاهش معنی‌داری در عملکرد و اسانس گیاه مریم‌گلی ایجاد شود، میزان مصرف کود فسفر را تا 30% کاهش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

- Alijani, M., Amini Dehaghi, M., Malboobi, M., Zahedi, M. and Modares Sanavi, S., 2011. The effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizer together with phosphate bio-fertilizer (Barvar 2) on yield, essential oil amount and chamazulene percentage of Matricaria recutita L., Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(3): 450-459.
- Al-Khassawneh, N.M., Karam, N.S. and Shibli, R.A., 2006. Growth and flowering of blackiris (Iris nigricans Dinsm.) flowering treatment with plant growth regulators. Scientia Horticulturae,107: 187-193.
- Allahdadi, M., Raei, Y., Bahreininejad, B. and Taghizadeh, A., 2020. Role of nitrogen, phosphorus and bio-fertilizer in improving yield and quality indicators of artichoke fodder (Cynara scolymus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(2): 21-38.
- Amirshekari, H., Sorooshzadeh, A., Modaress Sanavy, A.M. and Jalali Javaran, M., 2008. Effects of root-zone temperature, corm size, and gibberellin on vegetative growth of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 14(5): 96-104.
- Azadbakht, M., 2000. Classification of Medical Plants. Teymourzadeh Publication, 420p.
- Bakhsh, A., Khan, R., Gurmani, A., Sohail Khan, M., Shahid Nawaz, B.M., Fazal Haq, B. and Farid, P.A., 2008. Residual/direct effect of phosphorus application on wheat and rice yield under rice-wheat system. Gomal University Journal of Research, 24: 29-35.
- Farahvash, F. and Taghizadeh, F., 2018. The feasibility of replacing bio-fertilizer (barvar-2) with phosphorus chemical fertilizer in lentil cultivation. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 9(31): 124-139.
- Farooqi, A.H.A. and Shukla, A., 1990. Utilization of plant growth regulators in aromatic plant production. Chromatograph, 12: 152-157.
- Franke, R. and Schilcher, H., 2005. Chamomile: Industrial Profiles. Taylor and Francis Group, New York, 304p.
- Georgi, O., Ilias, I. and Anastasia, G., 2010. Comparative study on the effects of various plant growth regulators on growth, quality and physiology of (Capsicum annuum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42: 805-814.
- Ghasem Khanloo, Z., Nasrollahzadeh Asl, A., Alizadeh, A. and Haji Hassani Asl, N., 2009. Effect of barvar-2 Phosphate biofertilizer on yield and yield components of potato varieties in chaldran. Journal of Research in Crop Sciences, 1(3): 1-13.
- Ghasemi, S., Siavoshi, K., Choukan, R., Khavazi, K. and Rahmani, A., 2011. Effect of biofertilizer phosphate on grain yield and its components of maize (Zea mays L.) cv. KSC704 under water deficit stress conditions. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27-(2): 219-233.
- Govahi, M., ghalavand, A., Nadjafi, F. and Sorooshzadeh, A., 2017. Comparing different soil fertility systems on some physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agroecology, 9(2): 445-457.
- Haghighat, A., Madani, H., Heidari sharif abad, H., Majedi Heravan, E. and Mostashari, M., 2020. Effect of plant density and phosphorus resources on yield and yield components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) medicinal plant in dryland farming. Iranian Dryland Agronomy Journal, 8(2): 199-214.
- Hajisamadi, A.B., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. and Khalighi, A., 2011. Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) foliar application on growth characteristics and essential oil of Lavender (Lavandula officinalis Chaix.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 21: 23-32.
- Hasan-beigi, H., Saidi, M. and Mohammadi, M., 2021. Effects of gibberellic acid and salicylic acid application on morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Echinacea purpurea L. (Moench). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 36(6): 1038-1051.
- Hejazi, A. and Kaffashisedghi, M., 2000. Plant growth substances principle and application. Tehran University Press, 339p.
- Hekmati, J., Hamidoghli, Y., Esmaielpour, B. and Ghasemnezhad, M., 2021. Effect of arsenic and phosphate biofertilizer on physiological and biochemical properties of green mint (Mentha spicata L.). Journal of Plant Production Research, 28(1):
127-139.
- Izadi, Z. and Mirazi N., 2020. Identification of chemical compounds and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) essential oil at different harvest times. Qom University Medical Sciences Journal, 14(9): 1-15.
- Jagam, P.K. and Sharma, S., 2015. Effect of bio-fertilizer and fertilizers on productivity of soybean. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 17(2): 171-174.
- Javid, M.G., Sorooshzadeh, A., Moradi, F., Mohammad Modarres Sanavy, S.A. and Allahdadi, A., 2011. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5(6):726-734.
- Kafi, M., Zand, E., Kamkar, B., Shareefee, H.R. and Goldanee, M., 2003. Plant Physiology. Mashhad Jehad Daneshgahi Press. Mashhad, Iran, 379p.
- Karami, A., Sepehri, A., Hamzei, J. and Salimi, G., 2012. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorous biofertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under water deficit stress. Plan Productio Technology (Agricultural Research), 11(1): 37-50.
- Khatami, M. and Galavi, M., 2019. Effect of biological and chemical phosphorus fertilizers application on flower yield, essential oil percentage and osmatic adjustments of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in response to water deficit stress. Journal of Plant Production Research, 25(4): 119-132.
- Khavari, M., Ramroudi, M., Ghanbri, A. and Dahmardeh, M., 2021. Evaluation of the yield and content of photosynthetic pigments of Plantago ovata in response to phosphorus fertilizers and planting method under drought stress. Journal of Horticultural Plants Nutrition, 4(1): 113-128.
- Kheiry, A., Khalighi, A., Mostofi, Y. and Naderi, R., 2011. Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladenine on tuberose quality and quantity. Journal of Crops Improvement, 13(1): 9-20.
- Khoei, J., 2014. Effects of gibberellic acid and biological phosphorus on yield and percentage of essential oil in melissa (Mellisa officinalis) in Abhar climate. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Abhar.
- Mahfouz, S.A. and Sharaf-Eldin, M.A., 2007. Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). International Agrophysics, 21: 361-366.
- Marashi, S., Niknejad, J., Falah Amoli, H. and Mehdiniya Afra, J., 2015. Comparison of the impact of bio-fertilizers on agronomic characteristics, livestock and medicinal Salvia officinalis. Agronomic Research in Semi Desert Regions, 12(2): 133-143.
- Malbubi, A., 2007. Characteristic of Barvar-2 Phosphorus Biofertilizer. Technical Publication. Zist Fannavar Sabz Publications, 423p.
- Mohammadi, M., Saidi, M. and Khademi, O., 2018. Evaluation of effect of gibberellins and calcium spray in different growth stages on some qualitative and quantitative traits of sweet pepper. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(4): 823-832.
- Pakpour, M., 2012. Response of peppermint (Mentha piperita L) to the application of gibberellic acid and chemical and biological sources of phosphorus. M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Arak.
- Pourhadi, M., 2011. Effects of biofertilizers on yield and essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). Journal of Medicinal Herbs (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs), 2(2): 137-148.
- Rezaei Chiyaneh, I., Pirzad, A. and Farjami, A., 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur supplier bacteria on seed yield and essential oil of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 24(4): 71-83.
- Sarker, B.C., Rashid, P. and Karmoker, J., 2015. Anatomical changes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under phosphorus deficiency stress. Bangladesh Journal of  Botany, 44(1): 73-78.
- Sarikhani, M. and Amini, R., 2020. Biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture: Review on the researches of biofertilizers in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(1): 329-365.
- Sedghi, M., Sheikhnavaz Jahed, P. and Seyed Sharifi, R., 2018. Effect of gibberellic acid and priming on germination and some constituents of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). Journal of Plant Process and Function, 7(26): 199-208.
- Shahin Faridvand, S.H., Rezaei-Chiyaneh, E., Battaglia, M.L., Gitari, H.I., Raza, M.A. and Siddique, K.H.M., 2021. Application of bio and chemical fertilizers improves yield, and essential oil quantity and quality of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) intercropped with mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). Food and Energy Security, 11(2): e319.
- Tohidinia, M.A., Mazaheri, D., Bagher Hosseini, S.M. and Madani, H., 2014. Effect of biofertilizer Barvar-2 and chemical phosphorus fertilizer application on kernel yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays cv. SC704 ). Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 15(4): 295-307.
- Vafadar-Yengeje, L., Amini, R. and Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, A., 2019. Chemical compositions and yield of essential oil of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in intercropping with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertilizers application. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239: 118033.
- Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E. and Gomaa, A.M., 2004. A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. Plant Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 49: 299-311.
- Yousefzadeh, S., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M, Sefidkon, F., Asgarzadeh, A., Ghalavand. A., Roshdi, M. and Safaralizadeh, A., 2013. Effect of biofertilizer, azocompost and nitrogen on morphologic traits and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. in two regions of Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 29(2): 438-459.