نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد، خراسان رضوی، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکترای اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران
چکیده
این آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه گناباد اجرا شد. عامل اصلی شامل شاهد، کود شیمیایی (100، 120 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌ترتیب اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم) و ورمی‌کمپوست (10 تن در هکتار) و عامل فرعی شامل کشت مخلوط سیر (Allium sativum L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) با نسبت‌های 75:25، 50:50، 25:75 و 100:100 و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نتایج نشان داد تعداد و طول سوخک در تیمار کود شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش را نشان دادند، هر چند اختلاف معنی‌داری بین این تیمار و ورمی‌کمپوست وجود نداشت. در حالی که تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست موجب بیشترین افزایش در قطر سوخک شد. بیشترین تعداد سوخک از کشت مخلوط 50:50 و طول و قطر سوخک از تیمار 25:75 بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و سوخ (به‌ترتیب 3867 و 2293 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کشت خالص سیر و کود شیمیایی حاصل شد. بیشترین اسانس سیر از کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (2.33%) و کشت مخلوط50:50 (2.36%) حاصل شد. ارتفاع بوته و تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله در تیمار تغذیه شیمیایی بیشترین افزایش (به‌ترتیب 30% و 21%) را داشتند. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته شنبلیله از کشت مخلوط 25:75 بدست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد علوفه و دانه شنبلیله (به‌ترتیب 2057 و 682 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کشت خالص و کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. عملکرد بیولوژیک شنبلیله در تیمارهای کود شیمیایی (2800 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و آلی (2733 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت کشت خالص بالاتر بود. بیشترین اسانس بذر شنبلیله از تیمار کود شیمیایی (1.16%) و کشت مخلوط 25:75 (1.12%) بدست آمد. الگوهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بیشتر از 1 حاصل کردند و بهترین حالت از نسبت 100:100 بدست آمد. سیر در تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بجز 100:100 نسبت به شنبلیله غالبیت داشت. سودمندی کشت مخلوط نیز به‌جز تیمار 100:100 بیشتر از 1 بود و بیشترین مزیت اقتصادی از کشت مخلوط 75:25 در شرایط تغذیه آلی بدست آمد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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