نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی ادویه‌ای و عطری، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
چکیده
با توجه به نقش ارزنده گیاه مرزه (Satureja spp.) در صنایع داروسازی و غذایی کشور، سه آزمایش مجزا به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در سال زراعی 1399-1400 در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد به منظور بررسی اثر کودهای NPK، بوتامیسول و اسید هیومیک بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و اسانس سه گونه مرزه (S. mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.، S. bachtiarica Bunge و S. khuzistanica Jamzad) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عدم استفاده (A1) و استفاده (A2) از کود NPK، عدم استفاده (B1) و استفاده (B2) از اسید هیومیک، عدم استفاده (C1) و استفاده (C2) از بوتامیسول و تنش خشکی در سه سطح ظرفیت مزرعه (D1)، 50% (D2) و 75% تخلیه رطوبتی (D3) بودند. تیمار A2B2C2D1، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (1.1±57.5 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد شاخه اصلی (7.1±23.4)، کلروفیل کل (0.02±1.55 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و اسانس (0.03±1.94%) را در S. bachtiarica و تیمار A1B1C1D3، بیشترین میزان پرولین (1.2±13.99 میکروگرم بر گرم ماده تر) و کمترین میزان اسانس (0.02±0.79%) را در S. mutica ایجاد نمود. از 11 ترکیب شناسایی شده اسانس، ترکیب‌های غالب اسانس در S. bachtiarica، پارا-سیمن و کارواکرول، در S. khuzistanica، کارواکرول و گاما-ترپینن و در S. mutica، پارا-سیمن و تیمول از دسته مونوترپن‌ها بودند. بهره‌مندی از مواد مغذی بهتر و تنش در حداقل ممکن به همراه آب و هوای معتدل منطقه مورد تحقیق، منجر به معرفی گونه S. bachtiarica به‌عنوان گونه شاخص شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
- پارا-سیمن
- کارواکرول
- مرزه بختیاری (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge)
- مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad)
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