نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
گیاه دارویی آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) سرشار از مونوترپن‌های فنولی ازجمله ترکیب‌های تیمول و کارواکرول است. قارچ‌های بذرزاد می‌توانند با تأثیر روی سلامت بذر، منجر به کاهش کمّیت و کیفیت محصول و همچنین تغییر در میزان و نوع متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان شوند. هدف از این پژوهش، جداسازی و شناسایی قارچ‌های بذرزاد از نمونه‌های بذری آویشن باغی و ارزیابی تأثیر آلودگی بذرها روی میزان تولید و بیان ژن‌های دخیل در مسیر بیوسنتز ترکیب‌های تیمول و کارواکرول است. برای شناسایی قارچ‌های بذرزاد از نمونه‌های بذری آویشن باغی جمع‌آوری شده از مزارع استان البرز، نمونه‌برداری بر اساس ضوابط انجمن بین‌المللی آزمون بذر صورت گرفت. میزان ترکیب‌های تیمول و کارواکرول با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا اندازه‌گیری و بررسی بیان ژن‌های TvTPS1، DXR، CYP178 و CYP180 با روش واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز با رونویسی معکوس انجام شد. براساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی شش جدایه Alternaria brassicicola شناسایی شدند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل فعالیت آنزیم‌های مخرب دیواره سلولی نشان داد که سلولاز و پکتیناز در مقایسه با زایلاناز و کیتیناز اهمیت بیشتری روی میزان بیماری‌زایی و قدرت تهاجم جدایه‌ها دارند. آلودگی بذر به قارچ A. brassicicola به‌طور قابل توجهی روی شاخص‌های بنیه و جوانه‌زنی بذر تأثیرگذار بود. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که میزان بیماری‌زایی و قدرت تهاجمی جدایه‌های قارچی A. brassicicola از طریق سازوکارهای مختلفی ازجمله تولید آنزیم‌های خارج سلولی می‌تواند در گیاهچه‌های حاصل از پیش‌تیمارهای بذری با جدایه‌های مختلف باعث تغییر در سطح بیان ژن‌های مختلف رمزکننده ترکیب‌های تیمول و کارواکرول و در نتیجه موجب افزایش (جدایه‌های Ab4 و Ab5) و یا کاهش (جدایه‌های Ab1، Ab6، Ab2 و Ab3) میزان تولید و انباشت مونوترپن‌های فنولی در گیاهچه‌های آویشن باغی شود. این اولین گزارش در مورد شناسایی قارچ بذرزاد A. brassicicola از نمونه‌های بذری آویشن باغی در ایران و نقش آلودگی بذرها روی میزان تولید و بیان ژن‌های دخیل در مسیر بیوسنتز تیمول و کارواکرول است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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