نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
زیتون (Olea europaea L.) علاوه‌بر مصرف به‌عنوان یک ماده غذایی، یک درخت دارویی با ارزش نیز به حساب می‌آید. برگ زیتون، به‌عنوان یک اندام حاوی ماده مؤثره، در صنایع مختلف دارای ارزش فراوان می‌باشد. استفاده از عصاره برگ زیتون به‌عنوان یک آنتی‌اکسیدان طبیعی، از رایج‌ترین کاربردهای این گیاه می‌باشد. اولئوروپین مهم‌ترین ترکیب فنلی در گونه‌های زیتون است که نقش مهمی در سلامت دارد. اولئوروپین و کوئرستین به‌عنوان ترکیب‌های مؤثر در داروهای ضدسرطان، ضدویروس و ضدالتهاب بکار می‌روند. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست (0، 1، 2، 3 و 4 تن در هکتار) بر صفات مورفولوژیک، عملکرد برگ و اولئوروپین، کوئرستین و عناصر ماکرو و میکرو عصاره برگ زیتون در شرایط مزرعه، در ایستگاه تحقیقات البرز، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، در دو سال و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار (9 درختچه در هر تکرار) انجام گرفت. درختچه‌ها (سه ساله) با فاصله 5 متر روی ردیف و 5 متر بین ردیف‌ها با عمق 50 سانتی‌مترکشت شدند. اثر ورمی‌کمپوست بر عملکرد برگ تر و خشک در هکتار ومیزان کوئرستین و الئوروپین برگ در هر دو سال معنی‌دار (در سطح احتمال 1%) بود. بالاترین عملکرد برگ خشک در هکتار در تیمار 4 تن ورمی‌کمپوست (سال اول 55.573 کیلوگرم و سال دوم 63.047 کیلوگرم) بدست آمد. میزان کوئرستین از 18.48 و 18.7 میکروگرم بر میلی‌گرم ماده خشک در تیمار شاهد (به‌ترتیب در سال‌های اول و دوم) به 34.67 و 37.7 میکروگرم بر میلی‌گرم ماده خشک در تیمار 4 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار (به‌ترتیب در سال‌های اول و دوم) رسید. همچنین استفاده از مقدار 2 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار منجر به افزایش الئوروپین برگ در هر دو سال شد. تیمارهای مختلف کود ورمی‌کمپوست موجب افزایش جذب اکثر عناصر ماکرو و میکرو ازجمله فسفر، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، منگنز، روی و مس در هر دو سال گردید. نتایج نشان داد که با استفاده از مقادیر مناسب ورمی‌کمپوست می‌توان نسبت به تولید گیاه با کوئرستین و الئوروپین بالا اقدام کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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