نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران؛ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران؛ گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش‌های محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
گیاهان دارویی یک منبع غنی و ارزشمند از متابولیت‌های ثانویه هستند که به شدت تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی به‌ویژه تنش خشکی قرار می‌گیرند. در این راستا، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار روی گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) در گلخانه اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی شامل سه سطح تأمین رطوبت (40، 65 و 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی خاک گلدان) و فاکتور فرعی سطوح الیسیتوری شامل 1) شاهد: عدم کاربرد الیسیتور، 2) 150 میکرومولار سیکلودکسترین، 3) 75 نانومولار کروناتین + 150 میکرومولار سیکلودکسترین، 4) 150 نانومولار کروناتین + 150 میکرومولار سیکلودکسترین، 5) 150میکرومولار متیل جاسمونات + 150 میکرومولار سیکلودکسترین و 6) 300 میکرومولار متیل جاسمونات + 150 میکرومولار سیکلودکسترین بودند. بجز درصد اسانس، بقیه صفات شامل محتوای پرولین برگ، نشت الکترولیت‌ها، محتوای نسبی آب، ارتفاع گیاه، قطر تاج پوشش، وزن تر و خشک سرشاخه، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه و وزن اسانس همبستگی بسیار معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند. بیشترین میزان پرولین برگ از برهم‌کنش الیسیتورها (سطوح 4 و 6) و سطح تأمین رطوبت 40% ظرفیت زراعی (به‌ترتیب 3.88 و 3.94 میکرومول بر گرم وزن تازه برگ) بدست آمد. بیشترین مقدار برای ارتفاع گیاه (28.3 سانتی‌متر)، قطرتاج پوشش (17 سانتی‌متر) و محتوای نسبی آب (79%) در سطح تأمین رطوبت 90% ظرفیت زراعی مشاهده شد. بالاترین درصد اسانس در تیمار عدم کاربرد الیسیتور (2.67%) و بالاترین وزن اسانس در بوته (0.092 گرم در بوته) در تیمار عدم کاربرد الیسیتور در سطح تأمین رطوبت 65% ظرفیت زراعی بدست آمد. تنش ملایم باعث افزایش عملکرد اسانس و تیمارهای الیسیتوری باعث کاهش عملکرد اسانس شدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
- Acharya, B.R. and Assmann, S.M., 2009. Hormone interactions in stomatal function. Plant Molecular Biology, 69(4): 451-462.
- Alavi-Samani, S.M., Ataei Kachouei, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, M., 2015. Growth, yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of essential oils from two thyme species under foliar application of jasmonic acid and water deficit conditions. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 56(4): 411-420.
- Anjum, S., Wang, L., Xiao-yuie, X., Long-chang, W., Muhammad Saleem, F., Chen, M. and Wang, L., 2011. Brassinolide application improves the drought tolerance in maize through modulation of enzymatic antioxidants and leaf gas exchange. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 197(3): 177-185.
- Asada, K., 1999. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50: 601-639.
- Asif, M., Saleem, M., Saadullah, M., Yaseen, H.S. and Al-Zarzour, R., 2020. COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Inflammopharmacology. 28(5): 1153-1161.
- Askary, M., Behdani, M.A., Parsa, S., Mahmoodi, S. and Jami Al-Ahmadi, M., 2018. Water stress and manure application affect the quantity and quality of essential oil of Thymus daenensis and Thymus vulgaris. Industrial Crops and Products, 111: 336-344.
- Askary, M., 2017. Evaluation of some morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis L. species in drought conditions and the use of manure. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding University of Birjand, Birjand.
- Asllani, U. and Toska, V., 2003. Chemical composition of Albanian Thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 15: 165-167.
- Atal, C.K. and Kapur, B.M.,. 1982. Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants. Regional Research Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jammu-Tawi, 877p.
- Babaie, K., Jabbari, R., Amini Dehaghi, M.A. and Modares Sanavi, M., 2010. Water deficit effect on morphology, prolin content and thymol percentage of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(2): 239-251.
- Barker, D.G., Sullivan, C.Y. and Moser, L.E., 1993. Water deficit effects on osmotic potential, cellwall elasticity, and proline in five forage grasses. Agronomy Journal, 85: 270-275.
- Bates, L.S., Waldern, R.P. and Tear, I.D, 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 207-207.
- Blackman, S.A., Obendorf, R.L. and Lepold, A.C., 1995. Desiccation tolerance in developing soybean seeds: The role of stress proteins. Plant Physiology, 93: 630-638.
- Blum, A., 1996. Crop response to drought and the interpretation adaptation. Plant Growth Regulation, 20: 135-148.
- Bonfante, P., 2009. Symbiotic Fungi: Principles and Practice (Vol. 18). Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht, London New York, 373p.
- Cabuslay, G.S., Ito, O. and Alejar, A.A., 2002. Physiological evaluation of responses of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to water deficit. Plant Science, 163: 815-827.
- Crowe, J.H. and Crowe, L.M., 1992 Membrane integrity in anhydrobiotic organisms: toward a mechanism for stabilizing dry cells: 87-103. In: Somero, G.N., Osmond, C.B. and Bolis, C.L., (Eds.). Water and Life. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 371p.
- Dell-Valle, E.M., 2003. Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochemistry, 39(9): 1033-1046.
- Gallego, A., Imseng, N., Bonfill, M., Cusido, R.M., Palazon, J., Eibl, R. and Moyano, E., 2015. Development of a hazel cell culture-based paclitaxel and baccatin III production process on a benchtop scale. Journal of Biotechnology, 195: 93-102.
- Ghaderi, A.A., 2015. Effects of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on morphological and physiological traits of medicinal plant Thymus vulgaris L. under drought stress. M.Sc thesis. Department of Horticulture and Landscape University of Zabol, Zabol.
- Ghassemian, M., Lutes, J., Chang, H., Lange, I., Chen, W., Zhu, T., Wang, X. and Lange, B.M., 2008. Abscisic acid-induced modulation of metabolic and redox control pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytochemistry, 69(17): 2899-2911.
- Gomi, K., 2020. Jasmonic acid: an essential plant hormone. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21(4): 1261.
- Hashemi, S., 2016. Evaluation the effect of coronatine pretreatment on stress zinc oxide synthesized by olive and aleo vera on soybean plant. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman.
- Hornok, L., 1988. Effect of environmental factors on the production of some essential oil plants. Developments in Food Science, 18: 129-140.
- Jamzad, Z., 2009. Thymus and Satureja species of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, 171p.
- Kafi, M., Borzoee, A., Salehi, M., Kamandi, A., Masoumi, A. and Nabati, J., 2014. Physiology of Environmental Stresses in Plants. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad, 502p.
- Karpets, Y.V., Kolupaev, Y.E., Lugovaya, A.A. and Oboznyi, A.I., 2014. Effect of jasmonic acid on the pro-/antioxidant system of wheat coleoptiles as related to hyperthermia tolerance. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 61(9): 339-346.
- Keramat, B. and Daneshmand, F., 2012. Dual role of methyl jasmonate in physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) plant. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 1(1): 26-38.
- Klarzynski, O. and Friting, B., 2001. Stimulation of plant natural defenses. Comptes Rendus Biologies Academic Science. 324(10): 953-963.
- Letchamo, W. and Gosselin, A., 1995. Effects of HPS supplemental lighting and soil water levels on growth, essential oil content and composition of two thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) clonal selections. Canadian Journal Plant Science, 75: 231-238.
- Littleson, M.M., Russell, C.J., Frye, E.C., Ling, K.B., Jamieson, C. and Watson, A.J.B., 2016. Synthetic approaches to coronafacic acid, coronamic acid, and coronatine. Synthesis, 48(20): 1-18.
- Mattioni, C., Lacerenza, N.G., Troccoli, A., De-Leonardis, A.M. and Di- Fonzo, N., 1997. Water and salt stress-induced alteration in proline metabolism of Triticum durum seed-lings. Physiologia Plantarum, 101(4): 787-792.
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 2021. Medical equipment department of Iran. https://www.fda.gov.ir/fa
- Miranshahi, B. and Sayyari, M., 2016. Methyl jasmonate mitigates drought stress injuries and affects essential oil of summer savory. Journal of Agricultureal Science and Technology, 18(6): 1635-1645.
- Mittler, R., 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends Plant Sciencs, 7: 405-410.
- Moein Alishah, H., Heidari, R., Hassani, A. and Asadi-Dizaji, A., 2006. Effect of water stress on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Biological Science, 6: 763-767.
- Moradi, P., 2016. Key plant products and common mechanisms utilized by plants in water deficit stress responses. Botanical Sciences, 94: 1-15.
- Nikolic, M., Glamoclija, J., Ferreira, I., Calhelha, R., Fernandes, A. Markovic, T., Markovic, D., Giweli, A. and Sokovic, M., 2014. Chemical composition antimicrobial antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 183-190.
- Oksman-Caldentey, K.M. and Inze, D., 2004. Plant cell factories in the post-genomic era: new ways to produce designer secondary metabolites. Trends Plant Science, 9: 433-440.
- Omidbagi, R., 1995. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Fekr-e- Ruz Publications, Tehran, 283p.
- Onrubia, M.A., 2012. Molecular Approach to Taxol Biosynthesis. Ph.D. Thesis Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain.
- Petropoulos, S.A., Dimitra, D., Polissiou, M.G. and Passam, H.C., 2008. The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Scientia Horticulturae, 115: 393-397.
- Prasanth Reddy, V., Ravi Vital, K., Varsha, P.V. and Satyam, S., 2014. Review on Thymus vulgaris traditional uses and pharmacological properties. Medicinal Aromatic Plants, 3(3): 164.
- Premachandra, G.S., Saneoka, H. and Ogata, S., 1989. Nutriophysiological evaluation of polyethylen glycol test of cell membrane stability in maiz. Crop Science, 29: 1287-1292.
- Rassam, G., Dadkhah, A. and Khoshnood-Yazdi, A., 2014. Evaluation of water deficit on morphological and physiological traits of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Agronomy Knowledge, 5(10): 1-12.
- Razavizadeh, R., Shafeghat, M. and Najafi, S., 2014. Effect of water deficit on morphological and physiological parameters of Carum copticum. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 22: 25-38.
- Rey, C., 1995. Directfield sowing of thyme (Thymus vulgaris). Horticultural Science Abstracts, 65(8): 1375.
- Ritchie, S.W., Nguyen, H.T. and Holaday, A.S., 1990. Leaf water content and gas exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance. Crop Science, 30: 105-111.
- Rubio, V., Bustos, R., Luisa, M.L., Irigoyen, X., Cardona-Lopez, Rojas-Triana, M. and Paz-Ares, J., 2009. Plant hormones and nutrient signaling. Plant Molecular Biology, 69: 361-373.
- Sabater-Jara, A.B., Onrubia, M., Moyano, E., Bonfill, M., Palazón, J., Pedreño, M.A. and Cusidó, R.M., 2014. Synergistic effect of cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate on taxane production in Taxus x media cell cultures. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 12: 1075-1084.
- Salimi, F. and Shekari, F., 2012. The effects of methyl jasmonate and salinity on some morphological characters and flower yield of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilia L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 4(11): 27-38.
- Sanchez, F.J., Manzanares, M., Andres, E.F., Tenorio, J.L. and Ayerbe, L., 1998. Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in 49 pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crop Research, 59(3): 225-235.
- Sardari, S., Mobaien, A., Ghassemifard, L., Kamali, K. and Khavasi, N., 2021.Therapeutic effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil on patients with covid19: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research, 29(133): 83-91.
- Sefidkon, F. and Askari, F., 2002. Essential oil composition of 5 Thymus species. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 12(1): 29-51.
- Shanon, M.C., 1997. Genetic of salt tolerance in high plants: 265-289. In: Jaiwal, P.K., Singh, R.P. and Gulati, A., Strategies for Improving Salt Tolerance in High Plants. Oxford Publishing Co. Pvt. New Delhi. 443p.
- Sharma, A., Shahzad, B., Kumar, V., Kohli, S.K., Sidhu-Gagan, P.S., Bali-Aditi, S., Handa, N., Kapoor, D., Bhardwaj, R. and Zheng, B., 2019. Phytohormones regulate accumulation of osmolytes under abiotic stress. Biomolecules, 9(7): 285.
- Shi, D. and Sheng, Y., 2005. Effects of various salt-alkaline mixed stress conditions on sunflower seedling and analysis of their stress factors. Environmental and Research Botany, 54: 8-21.
- Siddique, K.H.M., Walton, G.H. and Seymour, M., 1993. A comparison of seed yields of winter grain legumes in western australia. Australian Journal of Express Agriculture, 33: 915-922.
- Sreevalli, Y., Baskaran, K., Chandrashekara, R., kuikkarni, R., SuShil Hasan, S., Samresh, D., Kukre, J., Ashok., A., Sharmr Singh, K., Srikant, S. and Rakesh, T., 2001. Preliminary observations on the effect of irrigation frequency and on yield and alkaloid concentration in petriwinkle. Journal of Medicine and Aromatic Plant Science, 22: 356-358.
- Stahl-Biskup, E. and Sáez, F., 2002. Thyme: the genus Thymus. London: Taylor & Francis, 348p.
- Sueldo, R. J., Invernati, A., Plaza, S.G. and Barassi, C.A., 1996. Osmotic stress in wheat seedlings: effects on fatty acid composition and phospholipid turnover in coleoptiles. Cereal Research. Communcation, 24: 77-84.
- Taiz, L. Zeiger, E., Moller, I.M. and Murphy, A., 2015. Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauer Associates, S underland, CT, 761p.
- Thoma, I., Loeffler, C., Sinha, A.K., Gupta, M., Krischke, M., Steffan, B., Roitsch, T. and Mueller, M.J., 2003. Cyclopentenone isoprostanes induced by reactive oxygen species trigger defense gene activation and phytoalexin accumulation in plants. The Plant Journal, 34: 363-375.
- Wang, B., Li, Z., Eneji, E.A., Tian, X., Zhai, Z., Li, J. and Duan, L., 2008. Effects of coronatine on growth gas exchange traits chlorophyll content antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize (Zea mays L.) seedling under simulated drought stress. Plant Production Science, 11(3): 283-290.
- Wang, J., Song, L., Gong, X., Xu, J. and Li, M., 2020. Functions of jasmonic acid in plant regulation and response to abiotic stress. International Journal of Molecular Science, 21(4): 1446.
- Wani, A.R., Yadav, K., Khursheed, A. and Rather, M.A., 2020. An updated and comprehensive review of the antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents with special focus on their mechanism of action against various influenza and coronaviruses. Microbial Pathogenesis, 152: 104620.
- Wasternack, C. and Parthier, B., 1997. Jasmonate-signalled plant gene expression. Trends Plant Science, 2: 302-307.
- Zare Dehabadi, S., 2013. Evaluation the effects of coronatine and sodium nitroprusside pretreatment in reduction of oxidative stress induced by arsenic as heavy metal and change in some secondary metabolites in Ocimum basilicum L. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Biology,Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman.
)