نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف شوری بر محتوای اسانس و برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی دو زیر گونه مرزنجوش بخارایی (Origanum vulgare subsp. gracile (K.Koch) letsw.) و یونانی (O. vulgare subsp. hirtum (Link) letsw.) آزمایشی گلخانه‌ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار تنش شوری با استفاده از کلرید سدیم در محلول غذایی هوگلند و در چهار سطح شاهد (بدون تنش)، و تنش‌های ملایم (شوری 30 میلی‌مولار)، متوسط (شوری 60 میلی‌مولار) و شدید (شوری 90 میلی‌مولار) اعمال گردید. براساس نتایج، تحت تنش شوری شاخص‌های رشدی، کاروتنوئید کل و شاخص کلروفیل کاهش یافتند، اما فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و غلظت مالون‌دی‌آلدئید و پراکسید هیدروژن در هر دو زیرگونه افزایش پیدا کردند. وزن تر و خشک، کاروتنوئید، پراکسید‌هیدروژن و فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول‌پراکسیداز در مرزنجوش یونانی بیشتر از زیر گونه بخارایی بدست آمد. درصد و اجزای اسانس نیز تحت‌تأثیر شوری قرار گرفتند. با افزایش شوری، درصد اسانس نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار آن (0.8%) در تنش ملایم بدست آمد. 35 ترکیب از دو زیرگونه مرزنجوش شناسایی شد. کارواکرول (72-30%: کارواکرول زیرگونه یونانی بیشتر از بخارایی)، گاما-ترپینن، کارواکرول متیل‌اتر و پارا-سیمن ترکیب‌های غالب هر دو زیرگونه بودند. نتایج این پژوهش برتری مرزنجوش یونانی نسبت به بخارایی را از لحاظ تحمل به تنش شوری و همچنین عملکرد کمّی و کیفی نشان داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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