نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
3 دانشجوی دکترای اگروتکنولوژی- اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثرهای کود زیستی مایکوروت و سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر درصد و ترکیب‌های اسانس آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با هشت تیمار و سه تکرار در گلخانه گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1399 اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل تنش خشکی در چهار سطح بدون تنش (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت مزرعه به‌عنوان شاهد)، تنش ملایم (آبیاری در 75% ظرفیت زراعی)، تنش متوسط (آبیاری در 55% ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش شدید (آبیاری در 35% ظرفیت زراعی) و کود زیستی در دو سطح تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با مایکوروت بودند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطح کم‌آبی، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه و وزن خشک کل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کلروفیل a، b، کل و درصد کلونیزاسیون ریشه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافتند. ولی میزان کاروتنوئید و درصد اسانس با افزایش تنش خشکی روند افزایشی را نشان دادند. بیشترین محتوی کاروتنوئید و درصد اسانس با کاربرد مایکوروت در تنش خشکی متوسط حاصل شد. تیمول، کارواکرول، پارا-سیمن، 8،1-سینئول، ای-کاریوفیلن، بورنئول، گاما-ترپینن و آلفا-پینن به‌عنوان اجزای غالب اسانس در تمامی تیمارها شناسایی شدند. بیشترین میزان تیمول در تنش خشکی ملایم و با کاربرد مایکوروت به‌دست آمد. همچنین بیشترین میزان کارواکرول به‌ترتیب در تنش‌های ملایم، متوسط و شدید و با تلقیح مایکوروت حاصل شد. به‌طور میانگین، با کاربرد کود زیستی مایکوروت میزان ترکیب‌های تیمول، کارواکرول، 1،8-سینئول، ای-کاریوفیلن، بورنئول و آلفا-پینن به‌ترتیب 4.19، 45.28، 15.93، 16.33، 14.15 و 3.78 درصد نسبت به عدم کاربرد این کود زیستی افزایش یافتند. به‌طور کلی نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطح کم‌آبیاری، بعضی صفات موفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک آویشن کاهش معنی‌داری پیدا کردند، ولی کاربرد کود زیستی مایکوروت توانست اثرات تنش خشکی را تعدیل و موجب بهبود رشد، درصد و کیفیت اسانس گیاه گردد. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد استفاده از کود زیستی مایکوروت به جای کودهای شیمیایی در راستای حصول اهداف کشاورزی پایدار در کشت آویشن قابل توصیه باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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