نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1400.37.300.106.2.1578.41
تأثیرات کشندگی و فیزیولوژیکی متابولیت‌های ثانویه گیاهی بر طیف وسیعی از حشرات آفت ثابت شده است. این ترکیب‌ها ضمن داشتن اثر مستقیم بر آفت هدف، برای انسان و محیط زیست کم خطر هستند و این موضوع سبب مزیت آنها بر ترکیب‌های شیمیایی شده است. در این تحقیق تأثیر کشندگی عصاره‌های اتانولی آنغوزه (Ferula assa-foetida L. و به‌لیمو (Aloysia citrodora Palau) بر لاروهای سن سوم Ephestia kuehniella تعیین شد. میزان مرگ و میر لاروها با افزایش غلظت عصاره‌ها ارتباط مستقیم داشت. فعالیت بعضی آنزیم‌های گوارشی لوله گوارش و تغییرات هموسیت‌ها نیز در لاروهای سن سوم تیمار شده با عصاره‌ها بررسی شد. ابتدا غلظت زیرکشنده عصاره‌های اتانولی گیاهان محاسبه شد. سپس لاروها از غذای آلوده شده با غلظت کشنده 25% (LC25) عصاره‌ها (ppm40 برای آنغوزه و ppm30 برای به‌لیمو) تغذیه کردند. گروه شاهد شامل لاروهایی بود که از آرد آلوده با اتانول رقیق شده تغذیه کردند. نتایج نشان داد که هر دو عصاره سبب کاهش معنی‌دار فعالیت آنزیم‌های تریپسین و کیموتریپسین شدند. عصاره آنغوزه فعالیت آنزیم‌های لیپاز و بتا گلوکوزیداز را نسبت به شاهد به‌شدت کاهش داد ولی تأثیر عصاره به‌لیمو بر فعالیت این دو آنزیم با شاهد در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفت. عصاره‌ها بر فعالیت آنزیم آلفا گلوکوزیداز تأثیر چندانی نداشتند. فعالیت ایمنی لاروها نیز متأثر از هر دو عصاره با تغییرات تعداد سلول‌های خونی تحریک شد. تعداد کل سلول‌ها و گرانولوسیت‌های همولنف در تیمار با هر دو عصاره با گذشت 12 ساعت از تغذیه افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد ولی تا زمان 24 ساعت به‌تدریج کاهش یافت اما همچنان از گروه شاهد بالاتر بود. پلاسموتوسیت‌ها در تیمار به‌لیمو پس از 12 ساعت افزایش چشمگیری نشان دادند ولی در مورد تیمار آنغوزه این افزایش پس از گذشت 24 ساعت بسیار معنی‌دار بود. شناخت اثرات متقابل عصاره‌های گیاهی با خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی حشره مانند فیزیولوژی سیستمهای گوارش و گردش خون می‌تواند به امکان‌سنجی استفاده مناسب‌تر از این عوامل در کنترل آفت هدف منجر شده و در برنامه‌های مدیریت آفات بکار گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
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