نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی- گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی- گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1400.37.193.106.2.1578.32
این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف تغذیه‌ای بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، عملکرد اسانس و میزان برخی عناصر خاک و سرشاخه‌های گیاه مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad) به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و ۱۴ تیمار تغذیه‌ای طی دو سال زراعی 1396 و 1397 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل 1-C (شاهد)، 2-NPK (کود شیمیایی 50، 25، 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، 3- CM30، 4- CM60 (CM: کود دامی 30 و 60 تن در هکتار)، 5- CM30+NPK، 6- CM60+NPK، 7- V5 (ورمی‌کمپوست 50 تن در هکتار)، 8- V5+NPK، 9- GM (Glomus mosseae)، 10- GI (Glomus intraradices)، 11- S0+T، 12- S250+T، 13- S500+T (S: سولفور 0، 250 و 500 کیلوگرم در هکتار، T: Thiobacillus) و14- V5+T بودند. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد، اثر متقابل سال در تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای بر تمام ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، بازده و عملکرد اسانس و مقدار عناصر پتاسیم و گوگرد سرشاخه‌های گیاه معنی‌دار (p ≤0.01) شد. بیشترین ارتفاع بوته در سالهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای CM30+NPK و CM60 بود. بیشترین تعداد شاخه در سالهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای CM30+NPK و GM مشاهده شد. تیمار CM30+NPK بیشترین پهنای سایه‌انداز را در هر دو سال به‌خود اختصاص داد. همچنین بیشترین میزان ماده خشک سرشاخه گلدار در سالهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای CM30+NPK و V5+T بدست آمد. طبق نتایج آزمایش، بیشترین بازده اسانس در سالهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای GM و S0+T مشاهده شد. کاربرد تیمارهای V5+NPK و V5+T موجب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد اسانس به‌ترتیب در سالهای اول و دوم گردید. نتایج همچنین نشان داد، بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم سرشاخه‌ها در سال اول، در تیمار GI و در سال دوم، در تیمار V5+NPK مشاهده شد. همچنین، بیشترین مقدار گوگرد سرشاخه‌ها در سالهای اول و دوم به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای V5 و S500+T بدست آمد. به‌طور کلی، پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از کودهای زیستی موجب افزایش بازده اسانس و میزان عناصر‌تغذیه‌ای در این گیاه می‌شود. همچنین، استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه کودهای شیمیایی و زیستی جهت افزایش عملکرد اسانس گیاه دارویی مرزه خوزستانی توصیه می‌گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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