همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مرکز پژوهشی اصلاح و توسعه گیاهان دارویی، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1399.36.655.102.4.1605.1606

گل‌راعی (Hypericum sp .) یکی از پرکاربردترین گیاهان دارویی جهان است. ویژگی‌های رشدی و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه تحت ‌تأثیر دو عامل ژنتیک و محیط است، ازاین‌رو در این پژوهش خصوصیات رشدی، میزان اسانس، فنل کل و قابلیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی جمعیت‌های مختلف سه گونه گل‌راعی (H. scabrum L.، H. asperulum Jaub. & Spachو H. vermiculare) ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنها صفت ارتفاع ساقه گل‌دهنده تحت ‌تأثیر نوع گونه قرار گرفت و سایر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده تحت‌ تأثیر نوع گونه و جمعیت قرار نگرفتند. ولی اثر متقابل گونه و جمعیت بر تمام صفات معنی‌دار بود. به‌طوری که بیشترین طول ساقه گل‌دهنده (77.7 سانتی‌متر)، وزن گل و برگ (42.4 گرم)، وزن ساقه (30.9 گرم)، وزن بوته (65.6 گرم)، میزان اسانس (0.43%)، فنل کل (204.9 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم عصاره خشک) و قابلیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی (52.7 میکروگرم عصاره خشک در میلی‌لیتر) به‌ترتیب متعلق به جمعیت‌های شماره 5 گونه H. asperulum، 3 گونه H. scabrum، 4 گونه H. asperulum، 4 گونه H. asperulum، 4 گونه H. scabrum، 6 گونه H. vermiculare و 5 گونه H. asperulumبود. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین وزن ساقه، وزن گل و برگ و وزن بوته با میانگین بارندگی سالیانه رویشگاه، بین درصد اسانس با فسفر خاک و میانگین دمای سالیانه رویشگاه و بین هدایت الکتریکی خاک رویشگاه با قابلیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی عصاره و نیز همبستگی منفی بین درصد اسانس با ماده آلی خاک رویشگاه مشاهده گردید. صفات وزن ساقه، وزن گل و برگ و وزن بوته بیشترین واریانس را بین جمعیت‌های متعلق به یک گونه داشتند، ازاین‌رو صفات مطلوبی برای تفکیک جمعیت‌ها شناخته شدند. به‌طور کلی نمی‌توان یکی از جمعیت‌ها را نسبت به بقیه برتر دانست، زیرا با توجه به نوع صفت، جمعیت برتر متفاوت بود. بنابراین برای دستیابی به جمعیت برتر باید تمام جمعیت‌های سه گونه مذکور در شرایط یکسان کشت شده و با هم مقایسه شوند.

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