نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
2 دانشیار، حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1398.36.404.101.3.1587.41
ترکیب‌های شیمیایی، خاصیت حشره‌کشی و دورکنندگی اسانس گیاه باریجه (Ferula gummosa Boiss.)، زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.)، زیره سیاه (Carum carvi L.) و شمعدانی معطر(Pelargonium roseum Willd.) علیه حشرات کامل سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) مطالعه گردید. از کروماتوگرافی گازی برای شناسایی ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس‌ها و از زیست‌سنجی برای تعیین میزان سمیّت تدخینی اسانس‌ها در ظروف 50 میلی‌لیتری حاوی 20 حشره کامل و از دستگاه بویایی‌سنج برای آزمایش‌های دورکنندگی اسانس‌ها استفاده شد. بیشترین ترکیب‌های شیمیایی اسانس‌ها به‌ترتیب برای باریجه، بتا-پینن (35.2%)، آلفا-پینن (9.4%)، پارا-سیمن (8.5%) و ترپینن-4-ال (8.5%)؛ زیره سبز، کومین‌آلدهید (46.6%)، پارا-سیمن (4/18%)، گاما-ترپینن (2/12%) و آلفا-ترپینن-7-آل (1/8%)؛ زیره سیاه، کاروون (46.2%)، پی-سیمن (14.0%) و گاما-ترپینن (8.3%) و برای اسانس شمعدانی معطر بتا-سیترونلول (47.3%) و سیترونلیل فرمیت (13.2%) به ثبت رسید. میزان سمیّت تنفسی اسانس زیره سبز و زیره سیاه روی حشرات کامل سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات نسبت به دو اسانس دیگر بیشتر و خاصیت دورکنندگی برای تمامی اسانس‌های مورد آزمایش علیه سوسک آفت ملاحظه شد. درصد دورکنندگی اسانس‌های شمعدانی، باریجه، زیره سبز و زیره سیاه به‌ترتیب 41.66، 64.70، 70.17 و 66.29 محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد از این اسانس‌ها به‌عنوان یک جایگزین مؤثر برای کنترل سوسک چهارنقطه‌ای حبوبات و احتمالاً سایر سوسک‌های انباری می‌توان استفاده نمود.
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