نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
اخیراً روش‌های مختلفی برای کاهش اثرهای مخرب آلاینده‌ها مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد که کاربرد کودهای زیستی با اثرهای مثبت آنها بر خصوصیات خاک و محیط‌زیست می‌توانند جایگزینی مناسب برای بسیاری از این روش‌ها باشند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر دو سویه باکتری سودوموناس فلورسنس بر شاخص‌های رشد، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه شوید (Anethum graveolens L.) در شرایط تنش سرب، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1394 انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل تنش سرب در دو سطح (صفر و ppm600) و تیمار تلقیح با باکتری در سه سطح (تلقیح با سویه‌های 150 و 159 سودوموناس فلورسنس به‌صورت جداگانه و بدون تلقیح یا شاهد) بود. نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه نشان داد که صفات رشدی تعداد برگ، تعداد ساقه، ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و وزن تر و خشک ریشه به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر آلودگی سرب قرار گرفت و صفت وزن تر و خشک بوته، تعداد برگ و ارتفاع گیاه به‌ترتیب 22، 31، 19 و 9 درصد کاهش یافتند. محتوی پرولین و کربوهیدرات گیاه شوید تحت تأثیر حضور سرب افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد، همچنین تلقیح با باکتری نیز محتوی پرولین و کربوهیدرات گیاه را افزایش داد که میزان این افزایش در تلقیح با سویه 150 چشمگیرتر بود. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی به‌صورت معنی‌دار تحت تأثیر سرب و باکتری قرار گرفت و حضور سرب به‌ترتیب موجب افزایش و کاهش فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و کاتالاز شد، اما تلقیح با باکتری سودوموناس به‌ویژه سویه 150 سبب افزایش معنی‌دار فعالیت هر دو آنزیم شد. علاوه‌براین باکتری‌ها توانستند میزان سرب گیاه شوید را کاهش دهند. به‌طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تلقیح با باکتری سودوموناس با افزایش رشد و بهبود فعالیت‌های آنزیمی در کاهش اثرهای تنش سرب بر گیاه شوید کارآمد بودند.
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