نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 استادیار، مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1398.36.155.99.1.1578.1606
کمبود عناصر غذایی ازجمله نیتروژن سبب اختلال در رشد و تغییر کمّیت و کیفیت اسانس می‌شود. محلول‌پاشی با ریزمغذی‌ها رشد گیاهان را بهبود می‌بخشد. ازاین‌رو با توجه به این مسئله و اهمیت آن، در این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیرات محلول‌پاشی با دو عنصر آهن و روی بر فاکتورهای رشدی، درصد و اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) در شرایط کمبود نیتروژن در خاک پرداخته شده است. این پژوهش به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سطوح نیتروژن (شاهد و کمبود) و محلول‌پاشی آهن و روی (1% و 2%) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بازده اسانس آویشن تحت کمبود نیتروژن کاهش یافت، اما محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی به‌ویژه روی به‌طور معنی‌داری بازده اسانس را افزایش داد. همچنین بیشترین اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس سه ترکیب تیمول، گاما-ترپینن و پارا-سیمن بود. محتوای تیمول در گیاهان شاهد (هوگلند کامل) با محلول‌پاشی افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار با محلول‌پاشی روی 2% به میزان 54.4% حاصل شد. محتوای
پارا-سیمن از 17% در سطح شاهد نیتروژن به 24.6% در تیمار کمبود نیتروژن افزایش یافت. در گیاهان شاهد (هوگلند کامل) محلول‌پاشی باعث افزایش طول اندام هوایی و آهن 2% موجب افزایش وزن خشک اندام هوایی شد. محلول‌پاشی عناصر ریزمغذی سبب تغییراتی در مقدار ترکیبهای اسانس و نیز تغییراتی در اجزاء تشکیل‌دهنده آن و حضور برخی ترکیبهای جدید مانند 8،1-سینئول در اسانس گردید. همچنین محلول‌پاشی باعث بهبود برخی فاکتورهای رشدی مانند طول اندام هوایی و وزن خشک اندام هوایی در گیاه شاهد شد.
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