نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.601.96.4.1575.1610
تنش خشکی به‌عنوان یکی از مهمترین تنش غیرزیستی نقش زیادی در کاهش عملکرد گیاهان دارویی دارد. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نیتریک اکسید بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) توده بومی شهرری در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد آزمایش شامل تنش خشکی (شاهد (آبیاری کامل) و قطع آبیاری در مرحله ابتدای گلدهی و 50% گلدهی) و محلول‌پاشی نیتریک اکسید به‌صورت سدیم نیتروپروساید در غلظت‌های 0.5، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار بودند. در تیمار شاهد نیز گیاهان با آب مقطر اسپری برگی شدند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک گیاه، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید و محتوای آب نسبی کاهش معنی‌داری یافت و میزان نشت الکترولیت، محتوای پرولین برگ و درصد اسانس افزایش یافت. محلول‌پاشی با نیتریک اکسید، باعث افزایش رشد گیاه ریحان در شرایط تنش خشکی شد و بیشترین بهبود رشد در اثر محلول‌پاشی غلظت 2 میلی‌مولار از نیتریک اکسید حاصل گردید. با افزایش تنش خشکی و غلظت نیتریک اکسید مقدار ترکیب‌های اسانس افزایش یافت. عمده‌ترین ترکیب‌های اسانس ریحان در این آزمایش شامل متیل کاویکول، لینالول، ژرانیال، ژرانیول، آلفا-پینن، بتا-پینن و میرسن بودند. به‌طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی نیتریک اکسید در شرایط تنش خشکی با ایجاد تنظیم اسمزی، جلوگیری از تجزیه کلروفیل و حفظ محتوای آب برگ در بهبود رشد گیاه ریحان مؤثر می‌باشد.
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