نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 فارغ‌التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد، گروه کشاورزی، واحد دامغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، واحد دامغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.437.95.3.1576.32
با توجه به اهمیت گیاه ترخون (Artemisia dracuunculus L.) از نظر دارویی و مشکلات موجود برای تکثیر آن می‌توان از تکنیک کشت بافت برای ازدیاد آن استفاده نمود. هدف از اجرای این مطالعه مقایسه محیط کشت‌های متفاوت و محرکهای شیمیایی بر صفات رشدی و ترکیب‌های بیوشیمیایی ترخون بود. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل محیط کشت‌های موراشیگ و اسکوگ (MS)، گامبورگ (B5) و شنک و هیلدبرانک (SH) و همچنین تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد کینتین، NAA، 2,4-D به تنهایی و ترکیب NAA + کینتین و ترکیب 2,4-D + کینتین با غلظت 0.5 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بودند. این تحقیق به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام گردید. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که تیمارهای محیط کشت و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد اثر معنی‌داری بر خصوصیات کالوس، گیاهچه باززایی شده، ترکیب‌های بیوشیمیایی کالوس، اسانس گیاه و ترکیب‌های آن داشت. محیط کشت MS سبب شد درصد بالاتر کالزایی و وزن تر و خشک آن به میزان بیشتری افزایش یابد. بیشترین درصد باززایی (35.5%)، طول ریشه (1.28 سانتی‌متر)، وزن خشک ریشه (6.5 گرم) و وزن خشک ساقه (2.6 گرم) در محیط کشت MS، NAA+ کینتین و 2,4-D+ کینتین حاصل شد. همچنین میزان فلاونوئید، میزان فنول و ترکیب‌های فنولی در کالوس ترخون در محیط کشت MS، NAA+ کینتین و 2,4-D+ کینتین بالاتر بود. میزان اسانس (2.42%) و اوسیمون (5.78%) در محیط کشت MS، NAA+ کینتین و 2,4-D+ کینتین بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. همچنین درصد استراگول با کاربرد 2,4-D افزایش یافت و NAA سبب افزایش درصد اوسیمون، لیمونن و لینانول موجود در اسانس گردید. درصد لیمونن با کاربرد تنهای NAA و درصد لینانول در تیمار 2,4-D+ کینتین بیشتر از سایر تیمارها بود. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین شاخص رشدی، ترکیب بیوشیمیایی و اسانس در محیط کشت پایه MS حاوی (تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد) مشاهده شد. همچنین کاربرد کینتین به همراه NAA و 2,4-D سبب بهبود رشد کالوس، باززایی، اسانس و برخی ترکیب‌های موجود در اسانس ترخون گردید.
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