نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد برگی اسمولیت‌ها بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی بابونه آلمانی در شرایط خشکی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شاهد با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح ](آبیاری پس از 50 (بدون تنش)، 100 (تنش متوسط) و 150 میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر (تنش شدید)[ و محلول‌پاشی به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در هفت سطح ](عدم محلول‌پاشی (NS)، محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر (W)، متیل جاسمونات (75 میکرومولار= MJ)، سالیسیلیک اسید (2 میلی‌مولار= SA)، هیومیک اسید (2.5 لیتر در هزار= HA)، گلایسین بتائین (5 میلی‌مولار= GB) و گاماآمینوبوتیریک اسید (50 میلی‌مولار= GABA)[ بود. هدایت الکتریکی آب آبیاری 4.8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که GABA توأم با تنش شدید بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (3.07 کیلوگرم در هکتار) را به خود اختصاص داد. در گیاهان تیمار شده با GABA در تنش شدید شاخص برداشت اسانس به‌ترتیب افزایش 60 و 58 درصدی نسبت به گیاهان تیمار شده با W و NS نشان داد. بیشترین و کمترین شاخص برداشت کاپیتول با 81/70% و 23/28% به‌ترتیب از ترکیب تیماری GB و بدون تنش و W همراه با تنش شدید بدست آمد. SA، GB و GABA باعث افزایش عملکرد کاپیتول در تنش شدید در مقایسه با تنش متوسط شدند. تنش شدید باعث افزایش معنی‌دار محتوای اسانس از 0.66% به 1.13%، کاهش 35 درصدی شاخص برداشت بذر نسبت به تیمار شاهد و کاهش معنی‌دار عملکرد بیوماس نسبت به تنش متوسط شد. MJ و SA در مقایسه با NS، عملکرد بذر را در تنش متوسط افزایش دادند.
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