نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
زعفران (Crocus sativus L.) یکی از مهمترین و گرانبهاترین گیاهان دارویی در جهان می‌باشد. این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران در سال‌های 95-1394 در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل چهار سطح ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری (صفر، 5، 10، 15 تن در هکتار) با سه تکرار بود. براساس نتایج بدست آمده، تیمارهای کودی بر ویژگی‌های زایشی زعفران در سال دوم تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت، به‌طوری که بیشترین عملکرد تر گل (22.55 گرم در مترمربع) از تیمار 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بدست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد کلاله خشک شده، 1.10 گرم در مترمربع از تیمار 5 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار بدست آمد. میانگین بیشترین تعداد برگ (8.6 برگ در بوته)، میانگین وزن تر (0.33 گرم) و خشک (0.099 گرم) برگ از تیمار 15 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری و بیشترین طول برگ از تیمار 10 تن در هکتار با میانگین 249 میلی‌متر بدست آمد. کود آلی ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری توانست اثر معنی‌داری بر میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل کل و میزان سبزینگی بگذارد، به‌طوری که سطح 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بیشترین کمک را به بهبود رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی داشته است. از ویژگی‌های بنه زعفران هم می‌توان به تعداد بنه دختری، وزن تر و خشک بنه دختری و تعداد جوانه بنه دختری اشاره کرد که تحت تأثیر تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست قرار گرفته است. بیشترین تعداد بنه دختری از تیمار 10 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست بدست آمد. در این آزمایش تیمار 5 تن در هکتار ورمی‌کمپوست توانست بیشترین تأثیر را روی وزن تر و خشک بنه دختری بگذارد. همچنین این تیمار توانست بیشترین جوانه بنه دختری را به تعداد 11.33 عدد در مقابل تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) به تعداد 5 جوانه ایجاد کند. در کل، نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت ورمی‌کمپوست زباله شهری بر خصوصیات رویشی و زایشی زعفران بود.
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