همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکترای اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

با هدف مطالعه تأثیر سیستم‌های مختلف تغذیه‌ای و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی چای‌ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)، آزمایشی در دو سال زراعی 92-1391 و 93-1392 در دانشگاه جیرفت، به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری در سه سطح 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه که به‌عنوان فاکتور کرت‌های اصلی در نظر گرفته شدند و منبع تغذیه گیاه در 5 سطح (کود زیستی مایکوریزا، ورمی‌کمپوست، کود گاوی و کود شیمیایی (NPK) و تیمار شاهد) که به‌عنوان فاکتور کرت‌های فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب طی دو سال آزمایش، تأثیر معنی‌دار تیمارهای تغذیه‌ای و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری را بر محتوای فنل کل، آنتوسیانین، اسیدیته کاسبرگ، درصد روغن دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه گیاه نشان دادند. در منبع تغذیه‌ای ورمی‌کمپوست و کود گاوی بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین به‌ترتیب با 3.05 و 2.87 (میلی‌گرم/ گرم وزن خشک)، فنل کل با 12.52 و 12.90 (میلی‌گرم/ گرم وزن خشک) و اسیدیته 0.81 و 0.87 (گرم/ 100 گرم وزن خشک) کاسبرگ مشاهده شدند. همچنین سطح 60% و 100% نیاز آبی گیاه به‌ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین میزان آنتوسیانین (3 و 2.19 میلی‌گرم/ گرم وزن خشک)، فنل کل (13.04 و 10.81 میلی‌گرم/ گرم وزن خشک) و پروتئین دانه (20.90% و 20.01%) را تولید کردند. علاوه‌براین، مقدار آنتوسیانین تحت تأثیر اثرات متقابل سیستم‌های تغذیه‌ای و سطوح آبیاری و درصد روغن دانه نیز تحت تأثیر برهم‌کنش سال در آبیاری قرار گرفتند. البته ویتامین C کاسبرگ تحت تأثیر هیچ‌یک از تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت.

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