نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
چکیده
در این تحقیق، تأثیر کاربرد غلظت‌های مختلف سلنات سدیم (1/0، 1 و 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) در محیط کشت هیدروپونیک و کاربرد برگی 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر این عنصر در شرایط مزرعه بر روی برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک گیاه بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L.) مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. کاربرد سلنیوم در غلظت 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر باعث کاهش وزن خشک شاخساره و ریشه در شرایط کشت هیدروپونیک شد. مهار رشد در این غلظت از سلنیوم نشان داد که افزایش غلظت کلروفیل a و b و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در تیمار 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنیوم نتوانستند مانع از افزایش مالون دی‌آلدئید به‌عنوان شاخص پراکسیداسیون غشاها در این گیاه شوند. ولی کاربرد غلظت‌های 1/0 و 1 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سلنیوم در کشت هیدروپونیک نه تنها باعث اُفت رشد بادرنجبویه نشد، بلکه منجر به افزایش ذخیره سلنیوم در شاخساره شد. در مقایسه، نتایج آزمایش مزرعه نشان داد که همان غلظت 10 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر که در کاربرد ریشه‌ای در کشت هیدروپونیک باعث مهار رشد گردید، در کاربرد برگی توانست مقدار سلنیوم دانه و شاخساره و بیومس شاخساره را افزایش دهد. همچنین کاربرد برگی سلنیوم توانست باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز و افزایش غلظت فنل‌ها به‌عنوان ترکیب‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان، در برگها شود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی برگی سلنیوم در مقایسه با تغذیه ریشه‌ای آن از طریق کشت هیدروپونیک، رشد اندام هوایی، مقدار سلنیوم و فنل را در گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه بیشتر بهبود می‌بخشد.
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