نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم و تکنولوژی بذر، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، ایران
چکیده
تاریخ کاشت بیشتر گیاهان دارویی یک‌ساله با رقابت شدید آبیاری محصولات پاییزه و بهاره همراه است. این رقابت حجم آب رودخانه را در پایین‌دست کاهش داده و در نتیجه آن غلظت فلزات سنگین ناشی از پسابهای صنعتی و شهری در آب رودخانه نیز افزایش مییابد. از این‌رو، به‌منظور بررسی تحمل برخی گیاهان دارویی بهاره به تنش کادمیوم آب آبیاری آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تیمارها شامل شش گیاه دارویی (خرفه، سیاهدانه، شنبلیله، شوید، زنیان و ریحان) و شش غلظت کادمیوم (5، 10، 15، 20، 25 و 30 میلیگرم در لیتر کادمیوم) به همراه شاهد (عدم کادمیوم) بودند. نتایج نشان داد اگرچه غلظت کم کادمیوم در برخی گیاهان باعث تحریک رشد گیاهچه شد ولی غلظت 30 میلیگرم بر لیتر در تمامی گیاهان باعث کاهش طول ریشهچه، طول ساقهچه، وزن خشک ریشهچه و وزن خشک ساقهچه و شاخص بنیه بذر گردید. البته درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی به‌طور قابل ملاحظهای تحت تأثیر کادمیوم قرار نگرفت. در این ارتباط گیاه شنبلیله، سیاهدانه و شوید بیشترین حساسیت را به سمّیت کادمیوم نشان دادند. در گیاه شنبلیله و زنیان طول ساقهچه بیشتر از طول ریشهچه تحت تأثیر کادمیوم کاهش یافت و در این دو گیاه طول ساقهچه به‌عنوان شاخص حساسیت تعیین شد. در حالیکه در گیاه شوید، ریحان، خرفه و سیاهدانه طول ریشهچه بیشتر از طول ساقهچه کاهش یافت و به‌عنوان شاخص حساسیت منظور گردید. به‌طور کلی از لحاظ طول ریشهچه شوید حساسترین و ریحان متحملترین گونه به سمّیت کادمیوم بود.
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