نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاوورزی دانشگاه لرستان خرم آباد ایران
2 استاد.گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاوورزی دانشگاه لرستان خرم آباد ایران
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: بن‌سرخ (Allium jesdianum) یک گونه مهم دارویی و خوراکی از خانواده Alliaceae و بومی ایران است. در حال حاضر به دلیل برداشت بیش از حد در محیط بومی خود در معرض خطر انقراض است. این مطالعه به منظور تقویت کشت، احیای زیستگاه طبیعی و حفاظت از این گونه ارزشمند انجام شد. بنابراین، برای افزایش پایداری این گونه، اکوتیپ‌های وحشی در محیط‌های کشاورزی کشت شدند و تأثیر تغذیه گیاه و اسید جیبرلیک بر موفقیت تولیدمثلی و عملکرد کلی آن بررسی شد.
مواد و روش: آزمایش به صورت بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 40 تن در هکتار)، کود زیستی NPK (شامل آزوتوبروار-1، پتابروار-2 و فسفات بروار-2) در دو سطح (0، 100 گرم در هکتار) و اسید جیبرلیک (مشتق شده از GA3) در دو سطح (0 و غلظت 250 پی‌پی‌ام) بودند. پیازها از رویشگاه طبیعی خود در ارتفاعات مجاور محل تحقیقات جمع‌آوری شدند. در این تحقیق از یک اکوتیپ وحشی A. jesdianum استفاده شد. پیازها پس از تلقیح با کود زیستی NPK (ازوتوبروار-1، پتابروار-2، فسفاتبروار-2) و اسید جیبرلیک تحت کشت مزرعه قرار گرفتند. صفات مختلفی ازجمله ارتفاع بوته، وزن تر و خشک برگ، وزن و قطر پیاز مادر، وزن و قطر پیازهای دختر، تولید پیاز دختر، عملکرد اقتصادی و عملکرد بیولوژیکی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS9.4 انجام شد و میانگین تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد مقایسه گردید.
نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که صفات رویشی مرتبط با عملکرد به‌طور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر کاربرد کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک چه در کاربرد منفرد تیمارها و چه در ترکیب با هم، قرار دارد. با وجود این، تعداد برگ در بوته هیچ‌گونه تغییر معنی‌داری نشان نداد. حداکثر اندازه‌گیری ارتفاع بوته و وزن تر و خشک برگ‌ها به ترتیب 26.53 سانتی‌متر، 8.24 گرم در بوته و 2.84 گرم در بوته در تیمار ترکیبی کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک بود. استفاده از کود و اسید جیبرلیک منجر به افزایش تقریباً 2.5 برابری در عملکرد برگ تازه و افزایش متوسط 18 درصد در عملکرد بیولوژیکی در مقایسه با شرایط بدون این تیمارها شد. متعاقباً، ترکیب کود گاوی و کود بیولوژیک بیشترین تأثیر را بر صفات کمی گیاهان نشان داد. وزن و قطر پیاز مادر به‌طور قابل توجهی تحت تأثیر اثرهای اصلی و کاربرد توأم آنها قرار گرفت. حداکثر مقادیر ثبت شده برای این پارامترها 3.53 گرم در بوته و 22.52 میلی‌متر بود که به اثر متقابل کود گاوی، کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک نسبت داده شد. به دنبال این، اثر ترکیبی کود گاوی و کود زیستی NPK نیز به‌طور قابل توجهی کمک کرد. به‌طور مشابه، وزن و قطر پیازهای دختر تولیدی، روندهای مشابهی را با موارد مشاهده شده در پیازهای مادر نشان داد. موفقیت تولید در A. jesdianum به‌طور قابل‌توجهی با استفاده از کود گاوی، کودزیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک افزایش یافت. عملکرد بهینه پیاز در واحد سطح تحت کاربرد ترکیبی این کودها و اسید جیبرلیک (میانگین 13.33 عدد در واحد سطح) به دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، استفاده از کود گاوی همراه با کود زیستی NPK و اسید جیبرلیک به‌طور قابل توجه‌ای باعث افزایش عملکرد گیاه و تولید پیازهای دختر می‌شود. در نتیجه، این تیمار برای کشاورزانی که به دنبال به حداقل رساندن اتکای خود به کودهای شیمیایی هستند توصیه می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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