- Awla, N.J., Naqishbandi, A.M. and Baqi, Y., 2023. Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Silybum Marianum Seed Extract Rich in Silydianin and Silychristin in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, 6(11): 1715-1723.
- Azadi, P., 2006. Plant regeneration from sunflower cotyledons through direct organogenesis. Master's Thesis in Agriculture and Plant Breeding. Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University.
- Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K., 1996. Plant Tissue Culture. Elsevier Science, 510p.
- Bourgand, F., Gravot, A., Milesi, S. and Gontier, E., 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites: a historical perspective. Plant Science, 161: 839-851.
- Brenda, W.S., 2000. Flavonoid biosynthesis. A colorful model for genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and biotechnology. Plant Physiology, 126: 485-493.
- Cacho, M., Moran, M., Corchete, P. and Fernandez- Tarrago, J., 1999. Influence of medium composition on the accumulation of flavonolignans in cultured cells of Silybum marianum.L. Gaertn. Plant Science, 144: 63-68.
- Cammie, A., Burgess, B.B.A. and Pharm, D., 2003. Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle). Journal of the Pharmacy Society Wisconsin. 2: 38-40.
- Elateeq, A.A., Sun, Y., Nxumalo, W. and Gabr, A.M.M., 2020. Biotechnological Production of Silymarin in Silybum Marianum L.: A Review. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 29: 101775.
- Fallah hoseaini, H. and Alavian, S.M., 2002. Control and treatment of hepatitis with complementary and herbal medicines. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4: 1-10.
- Hadolin, M., Skerget, M., Knez. Z. and Bauman, D., 2001. High pressure extraction of vitamin E- rich oil from Silybum marianum. food Chemistry, 74: 355-364.
- Hasanloo, T., 2005. Study of some secondary metabolites in plant Silybum marianum L., collected from different parts of Iran and its tissue and cell culture in order to produce silymarin. Ph.D. thesis in biology- plant sciences, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moalem University.
- Hetz, E., liersch, R. and Schieder, D., 1995. Genetic investigations on silybum marianum and S. eburneum with respect to leaf colour, out crossing ratio and flavonolignan composition. Planta Medica, 61(1): 54-57.
- Kim, N.C., Graf, T.N., Sparacino, C.M., Wani, M.C. and Wall, M.E., 2003. Complete isolatation and characterization of silybins and isosilybins from milk thistle (
Silybum marianum).
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, 1(10): 1684-1689.
- Khallouki, F., Ksila, M., Ghzaiel, I., Essadek, S., Joutey, M.T. and Maaloul, S., 2024. Chemical and Biochemical Features of Spinasterol and Schottenol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1440: 45-55.
- Krecman, V., Skottova, N., Waterova, D., Ultichova, J. and Simanek, V., 1998. Silymarin inhibits the development of diet- induced hypercholes- terolemia in rats. Planta Medica, 64: 138-142.
- Lukic, I., Milovanovic, S., Pantic, M., Srbljak, I., Djuric, A. and Tadic, V., 2022. Separation of High-Value Extracts from Silybum Marianum Seeds: Influence of Extraction Technique and Storage on Composition and Bioactivity. LWT, 160: 113319.
- Marmouzi, I., Bouyahya, A., Ezzat, S.M., El Jemli, M. and Kharbach, M., 2021. The Food Plant Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn.: Phytochemistry, Ethnopharmacology and Clinical Evidence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 265: 113303.
- Marszałkiewicz, S., Siger, A., Gawrysiak-Witulska, M., Kmiecik, D. and Rudzińska, M., 2020. The Effect of Drying Temperature of Milk Thistle Seeds on Quality and Bioactive Compounds in the Lipid Fraction. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57(11): 4003-4013.
- Meddeb, W., Rezig, L., Abderrabba, M., Lizard, G. and Mejri, M., 2017. Tunisian Milk Thistle: An Investigation of the Chemical Composition and the Characterization of Its Cold-Pressed Seed Oils. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(12): 2582.
- Meddeb, W., Rezig, L., Zarrouk, A., Nury, T., Vejux, A. and Prost, M., 2018. Cytoprotective Activities of Milk Thistle Seed Oil Used in Traditional Tunisian Medicine on 7-Ketocholesterol and 24S-Hydroxycholesterol-Induced Toxicity on 158N Murine Oligodendrocytes. Antioxidants, 7(7): 0095.
- Milovanovic, S., Lukic, I., Stamenic, M., Kamiński, P., Florkowski, G. and Tyśkiewicz, K., 2022. The Effect of Equipment Design and Process Scale-up on Supercritical CO2 Extraction: Case Study for Silybum Marianum Seeds. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 188: 105676.
- Murashige, T. and Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia plantarum, 15(3): 473-497.
- Omidbagi, R., 1997. Approaches to The Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants. Tehran, Designs Publishing House, first edition, 283p.
- Omidbagi, R., 1998. Investigating the production of silymarin and silybin in Silybum marianum plant by growing its wild and cultivated seeds. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2): 417-413.
- Poorjabbar, A., 2006. Optimizing the in vitro cultivation conditions of the medicinal plant Silybum marianum L. and investigation of somaclonal diversity with molecular markers. Master's thesis in the field of agricultural biotechnology. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz.
- Quaglia, M.G., Bossu, E., Donati, E., Mazzanti, G. and Brandt, A., 1999. Determination of silymarin in the extract from the dried Silybum marianum fruits by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 19: 435-442.
- Rezig, L., Ghzaiel, I., Ksila, M., Yammine, A., Nury, T. and Zarrouk, A., 2022. Cytoprotective Activities of Representative Nutrients from the Mediterranean Diet and of Mediterranean Oils against 7-Ketocholesterol- and 7β-Hydroxycholesterol-Induced Cytotoxicity: Application to Age-Related Diseases and Civilization Diseases. Steroids, 187: 109093.
- Titel, G. and Wagner, H., 1977. High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of silymarins and their determination in a raw extract of silybum marianum. Journal Chromatography, 135(2): 499-501.
- Valenzuela, A. and
Garrido, A., 1994. Biochemical bases of the pharmacological action of the flavonoid silymarin and its structural isomer silibinin. Biological Research, 27(2): 105-112.
- Wagner, H., Diesel, P. and Seites, M., 1974. The chemistry and analysis of silymarin from silybum marianum. Arzheimittle Forschung, 24(4): 466-471.
- Zi, X. and Agarwal, R., 1999. Silibinin Prostate-Specific a with cell growth inhibition via Gl arrest, leading to differentiation of prostate carcinoma Cells: Implications for prostate cancer intervention. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), 96(13): 7490-7495.
)