نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی مروری
نویسندگان
1 علوم باغبانی- دانشگاه ارومیه
2 دکتری، گروه تولید متابولیتهای ثانویه در سامانههای زیستی، جهاد دانشگاهی واحد آذربایجانغربی، ارومیه، ایران (دانشآموخته دکتری،
3 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده علوم کشاورزی
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: گیاه سنجد تلخ (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) درختچه یا درخت خزانکننده از خانواده سنجد است. این گیاه از گونههای بومی مناطق ایران تورانی با رویشگاههای محدود و پراکنده در گچسر، هراز، ارسباران، خوی و الموت میباشد که یک گیاه معجزهآسای قدیمی، به دلیل غنی بودن از مواد فعال زیستی و تغذیهای بسیار مورد توجه است. سنجد تلخ یکی از گونههای پیشآهنگ ارزشمند از نظر تثبیتکنندگی ازت برای خاک بهشمار میرود و درختچهای خزانکننده، مقاوم به سرما، خشکی و محیطهای کم پوشش است. سنجد تلخ حاوی حدود 200 ترکیب تغذیهای و زیست فعال است و میوههای این گیاه غنی از ترکیباتی مانند لیپیدها، کاروتنوئیدها، آسکوربیک اسید و فلاونوئیدها میباشد. با توجه به اهمیت دارویی و اکولوژیکی بالای گیاه سنجد تلخ و مطالعه ناکافی در ایران، بهویژه در زمینه ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی این گیاه ارزشمند، هدف از این مطالعه، معرفی گیاه سنجد تلخ، ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و برخی کاربردهای آن در صنایع دارویی و غذایی است.
مواد و روشها: این مقاله، مقالهای مروری میباشد که مطالب آن از مقالات علمی منتشر شده بین سالهای 2001 تا 2023 از پایگاهای علمی Google Scholar، Web of Science، Scopus و Pub Med گردآوری شده است.
نتایج: همه اندامهای سنجد تلخ (میوه، برگ، ساقه، شاخه، ریشه و خار) بهطور سنتی در پزشکی و مکملهای غذایی استفاده شده است. برگها و میوههای سنجد تلخ و روغن بدست آمده از آن سرشار از عناصر ماکرو، میکرو، ویتامین A، C، E، لیپیدها، کاروتنوئیدها، اسیدهای آمینه، اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع و فنلها هستند. در سالهای اخیر، گزارشهای متعددی در مورد فعالیتهای دارویی سنجد تلخ ازجمله فعالیتهای ضد سرطانی، ضد التهابی، ضد میکروبی و ضد ویروسی و توانایی آن در محافظت از قلب و عروق گزارش شده است. روغن بدست آمده از بذر و میوه سنجد تلخ شامل ترکیبات زیست فعالی مانند پالمیتولئیک اسید (امگا 7) است که جزئی از لیپیدهای پوستی بوده و باعث تحریک فرایندهای ترمیم کننده در اپیدرم و بهبود زخم میشود. گلیکوزیدهای فلاونول از فراوانترین ترکیبات فنلی موجود در سنجد تلخ هستند. فلاونوئیدها از آنتیاکسیدانهای موجود در سنجد تلخ، از تجمع پلاکتهای خون جلوگیری میکنند، گردش خون را بهبود میبخشند، التهاب را کاهش داده و از رشد و گسترش سلولهای سرطانی جلوگیری میکنند. سنجد تلخ در حال حاضر بدلیل فعالیت بالای آنتیاکسیدانی و ضد میکروبی بهعنوان یک افزودنی طبیعی در انواع محصولات غذایی استفاده میشود. سنجد تلخ به شکلهای مختلفی مانند روغن، پودر خشک شده، آب میوه، قرص، نوشیدنیها، میوه و چای استفاده میشود.
نتیجهگیری: گونه Hippophae rhamnoides علاوه بر ارزش تغذیهای بالا بهعنوان یک غذا، دارای مزایای اقتصادی متعددی بهعنوان ماده اولیه برای مواد آرایشی، مواد غذایی، صنایع داروسازی و حفاظت از محیطزیست است. به دلیل تحمل زیاد آن در برابر سرما، خشکی، شوری، قلیایی و توانایی تثبیت نیتروژن در خاک، بهعنوان محصولی ایدهآل برای حفاظت از خاک و آب و بادشکن از مزرعه در زمینهای حاشیهای و مستعد فرسایش در خاک شناخته شده است.
کلیدواژهها
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