نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
4 دانشیار، گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1398.35.80.93.1.1575.1610
کمبود آب یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی محدودکننده رشد گیاهان و محصولات آنهاست. در این مطالعه، به‌منظور بررسی اثر اسید جاسمونیک بر کاهش صدمات ناشی از تنش خشکی روی شاخص‌های رشدی و برخی از پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی گیاه دارویی مریم‌گلی (Salvia officinalis L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با ۳ تکرار در دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل تنش خشکی (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت زراعی، تخلیه 5۰% و ۷5% رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) و محلول‌پاشی اسید جاسمونیک (صفر (شاهد)، 75 و 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که محلول‌پاشی با غلظت ۱5۰ مولار اسید جاسمونیک در شرایط تنش خشکی ارتفاع (10.02%)، وزن تر (27.88%) و خشک گیاه (12.81%)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (21.04%)، کلروفیل a و b (12.15% و 10.34%) را افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار فنول کل (34.13 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، عملکرد اسانس (2.12 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، غلظت پرولین (2.52 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز (3.15 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) و گایاکول پراکسیداز (0.76 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) در گیاهان محلول‌پاشی شده با غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید جاسمونیک و تخلیه 75% رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی حاصل شد و از سویی بیشترین مقدار کاتالاز (5.12 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر)، آسکوربات پراکسیداز (0.76 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (5.64 میلی‌گرم بر وزن تر) در گیاهان محلول‌پاشی شده با غلظت ۱۵۰ میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسید جاسمونیک در تنش خشکی (تخلیه 50% و 75% رطوبت ظرفیت زراعی) بدست آمد. بنابراین براساس نتایج بدست آمده به نظر می‌رسد که اسید جاسمونیک با افزایش توان دفاع آنتی‌اکسیدانی و تجمع تنظیم‌کننده‌های اسمزی (نظیر پرولین) سبب کاهش تنش اکسیداتیو در گیاهچه‌های تحت تنش خشکی شده، همچنین با حفظ محتوای نسبی آب برگ و رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی موجب بهبود شرایط رشدی بوته‌های مریم‌گلی در شرایط تنش شده است.
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