نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته زراعت، دانشگاه پیام نور کرج، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سولفات آهن، روی و منگنز بر میزان و اجزای اسانس زوفا، آزمایشی به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار در سال 1395 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه پیام نور مرند اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شاهد، محلول‌پاشی آهن، روی، منگنز، آهن+ روی، آهن+ منگنز، روی+ منگنز و آهن+ منگنز+ روی بودند. نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه بجز میزان سیس-پینو کامفون تأثیر معنی‌دار داشت. محلول‌پاشی توأم آهن+ منگنز+روی بیشترین درصد اسانس (0.6%) و بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (30.44 کیلو‌گرم در هکتار) را تولید کرد. محلول‌پاشی تیمار آهن+ منگنز+ روی در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد درصد اسانس را بیش از 50% افزایش داد. بتا-پینن، ترانس-پینو کامفن، پینا کارون و سیس-پینو کامفون 75% تا90% اجزای اسانس را به خود اختصاص دادند. محلول‌پاشی عناصر آهن+ منگنز+ روی بیشترین مقادیر (89.4%) و تیمار شاهد (77.1%) کمترین مقادیر مجموع ترکیب‌های ترکیب بتا-پینن، ترانس-پینو کامفن، پینو کارون و سیس-پینو کامفون را تولید کردند. در مجموع نتایج نشان داد محلول‌پاشی آهن+ منگنز+ روی می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی مناسب برای دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب اسانس و اجزای آن در گیاه دارویی زوفا مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
- Akbarian, M.M., Sharifabad, H.H., Noormohammadi, G. and Kohouri, F.D., 2012. The effect of potassium, zinc and iron foliar applicationon the production of saffron (Crocus sativa). Annals of Biological Research, 3(12): 5651-5658.
- Akhtar, N., Abdul Matin Sarker, M., Akhter, H. and Katrun Nada, M., 2009. Effect of planting time and micronutrient as zinc on growth, yield and oil content of Mentha piperita. Soil Science Journal, 44(1): 125-130.
- Ardekani, M.R., Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi Ashourabadi, A., Lebaschi, M.H. and Paknejhad, F., 2007. Effect of water deficit on quantity and quality of Melissa officinalis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(2): 251-261.
- Bagheri, A., Rahmani, A. and Abbaszadeh, B., 2013. The effect of iron chelate foliar application on damask rose. Annals of biological Research, 4(4): 35-55.
- Chalchat, J.C., Adamovic, D. and Gorunovic, M.S., 2001. Composition of oils of three cultivated forms of Hyssopus officinalis endemic in Yugoslavia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13(6): 419-421.
- Cvijovic, M., Djukic, D., Mandic, L., Acamovic-Djokovic, G. and Pesakovic, M., 2010. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of some medicinal and spice plants. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 46(3): 481-483.
- Darzi, M.T. and Sadeghinekoo, B., 2016. Effects of organic amendments and biofertilizer application on some morphological traits and yield of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 30(3): 491-500.
- Dubey, V. S., Bhalla, R. and Lithra, R., 2003. Sucrose mobilization in relation to essential oil biogenesis during palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini Roxb. Wats. var. motia) inflorescence development. Boisciences, 28(4): 479-487.
- Emaratpardaz, J., Hami, A. and Ghohari, G., 2016. Valuation of growth characteristics and essential oil yield of Satureja hortensis L. under salinity and Zn foliar spraying. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and production science, 9(26): 131-141.
- Farzanian, M. and Yarnia, M., 2013. Effects of microelement fertilizers and phosphate biofertilizer on some morphological, physiological traits, yield and essence of purple coneflower in water stress conditions. Electronic Journal of crop Production, 3(7): 145-162.
- Fraternale, D., Ricci, D., Epifano, F. and Curini, M., 2004. Composition and antifungal activity of two essential oils of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(6): 617-622.
- Garg, S.N., Naqvi, A.A., Singh, A., Ram, G. and Kumar, S., 1999. Composition of essential oil from an annual crop of Hyssopus officinalis grown in Indian plains. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 14(3): 170-172.
- Ghaedi Jeshni, M., Mousavinik, M., Khammari, I. and Rahimi, M., 2017. The changes of yield and essential oil components of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) under application of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers and drought stress conditions. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16: 60-65.
- Ghaffari Malayeri, M., Akbari, Gh. and Mohammadzadeh, A., 2012. Response of yield and yield components of corn on soil use and foliar application of micronutrients. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2): 368-373.
- Hadaddi, H., Moradi, P. and Motalebi, E., 2016. The effect of methanol and manganese sulfate spraying on quantity and essential oil components of (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2(58): 80-88.
- Hansch, R. and Mendel, R.R., 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 12: 259-266.
- Hassanain, M.A., Abdella, E.M. and Rady, M.M., 2006. Response of growth, flowering, oil yield and chemical composition of Matricaria chamomilla L. plants to some micronutrient foliar applications. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 5(2): 33-58.
- Heidari, F., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Javanshir, A., Aliari, H. and Dadpoor, M.R., 2008. The effects of application of microelements and plant density on yield and essential oil of peppermint (Menta peperita L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 24: 1-9.
- Hosseinzadegan, R. and Bakhshi Khaniki, Gh., 2014. The effect of some ecological factors on the essential oil of Teucrium polium L. New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 4(13): 65-70.
- Kabata-Pendias, A. and Pendias, H., 1999. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. CRC Press, Warsaw, Poland, 400p.
- Kannan, S., 2010. Foliar fertilization for sustainable crop production, sustainable agriculture reviews, 1, genetic engineering, biofertilization. Soil Quality and Organic Farming, 4(5): 371-402.
- Khan, R., Shawl, A.S. and Tantry, M.A., 2012. Determination and seasonal variation of chemical constituents of essential oil of Hyssopus officinalis growing in Kashmir valley as incorporated species of Western Himalaya. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 48(3): 502-505.
- Kizil, S., Toncer, O., Ipek, A., Arslan, N., Saglam, S. and Khawar, K.M., 2008. Blooming stages of Turkish hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) affect essential oil composition. Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, 58: 273-279.
- Kumar, P.K., Kumar, M.R., Kavitha, K., Singh, J. and Khan, R., 2012. Pharmacological actions of Ocimum sanctum-review article. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 1(3): 406-411.
- Letessier, M.P., Svoboda, K.P. and Walters, D.R., 2001. Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis). Journal of Phytopathology, 149: 673-678.
- Malakooti, M.J. and Lotfelahi, M.A., 2008. The Role of Zinc in the Quantitative and Qualitative Increase of Agricultural Products and the Improvement of Community Health. Agricultural Education Publication, 194p.
- Mansoori, I., 2014. Evaluation of row spacing and microelements spraying on yield and some morphological traits of peppermint. Agriculture Crop Manengment, 16(1): 43-54.
- Marschner, H., 2008. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press Limited. Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London, 672p.
- Miransari, H., Mehrafarin, A. and Naghdi Badi, H., 2015. Morphophysiological and phytochemical responses of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to foliar application of iron sulfate and zinc sulfate. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 14(2): 15-30.
- Misra, A., Dwivedi, S., Srivastava, A.K., Tewari, D.K., Khan, A. and Kumar, R., 2007. Analysis of growth, physiology, photosynthesis, essential monoterpene oil(s) yield and quality in Ocimum sanctum L. genotypes. Bioscience Research, 4(1): 1-5.
- Moghadam, E., Mahmoodi Sourestani, M., Farrokhian Firozi, A., Ramazani, Z. and Eskandari, F., 2015. The effect of foliar application of iron chelate type on morphological traits and essential oil content of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum). Agriculture Crop Management, 17(3): 595-606.
- Naderi, Gh., 2015. Influence of fertilizer, manure and biofertilizers on yield, quantity and quality of essential oil of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.). International Journal of Review Life science, 5(2): 383-390.
- Nasiri, Y. and Najafi, R., 2015. Effects of soil and foliar applications of iron and zinc on flowering and essential oil of chamomile at greenhouse conditions. Acta Agriculture Slovenica, 105(1): 33-41.
- Nasiri, Y., Zehtab-Salmasi, S., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Najafi, N. and Ghasemi-Golezani, K., 2010. Effects of foliar application of micronutrients (Fe and Zn) on flower yield and essential oil of chamomile. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(17):
1733-1737.
1733-1737.
- Nateghi, Sh., Pirzad, A.R. and Darvishzadeh, R., 2015. The impact of micronutrient fertilizers, iron and zinc on yield and yield component of anise. Journal of Horticulture Science, 29 (1): 37-46.
- Oshodi, A.A. and Adeladun, M.O.A., 1993. Proximate composition, some valuable minerals and functional properties of three varieties of liman bean (Phaseolus lunatus linn) flour. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 43: 181-185.
- Ozer, H., Sahin, F., Kilic, H. and Gulluce, M., 2005. Essential oil composition of Hyssopus officinalis L. subsp. angustifolius (Bieb.) Arcangeli from Turkey. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(1):42-44.
- Ozer, H., Sokmen, M., Gulluce, M., Adiguzel, A., Kilic, H. and Sahin, F., 2006. In-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and methanol extracts of Hyssopus officinalis L. ssp. angustifolius. Italian Journal of Food Science, 18(1): 73-83.
- Pandel, P., Chand, S., Pandey, A. and Patra, D.D., 2011. Effect of sole and conjoint application of iron and manganese on herb yield, nutrient uptake, oil quality via-a-ais their optimal level in spearmint (Mentha spicata Linn. Emend. Nathh.cv. Arka). International of Natural Product and Resources, 2(2): 242-249.
- Pandey, V., Verma, R.S., Chauhan, A. and Tiwari, R., 2014. Compositional variation in the leaf, flower and stem essential oils of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) from western-Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4: 89-95.
- Pazoki, A.R., Ghazi Pirkouhi, M., Shirani Rad, A.H., Bigdeli, M. and Habibi, D., 2012. Essential oil percent and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) changes affected by nitrogen, magnesium and manganese amounts. New Finding in Agriculture, 21(1): 5-16.
- Rajab beigi, A., Ghanati, F. and Sefidkon, F., 2007. Effect of iron on the oil content of basil. Journal of Science, 33(4): 49-53.
- Romheld, V. and Marschner, H., 1991. Functions of micronutrients in plants: 297-328. In: Mortvedt, J.J., Cox, F.R., Shuman, L.M. and Welch, R.M., (Eds.). Micronutrients in Agriculture: Number 4 in the Soil Science Society of America Book Series. Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 760p.
- Roshanzameir, F., 2010. Effect of drought stress and phosphorus fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative features of basil. M.Sc. Dissertation. University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
- SAS Institute Inc., 2002. The SAS System for Windows, Release 9.0. Cary, NC, USA: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.
- Shabanzadeh, Sh., Ramroudi, M. and Galavi, M., 2011. The effect of foliar application of micronutrients on yield and qualitative characteristics of (Nigella sativa L.) in different irrigation regimes. Journal of Crop Protection and Processing, 1(2): 79-89.
- Yaegari, M. and Ghorbani, F., 2012. Effect of Fe and Zn micronutrients on secondary metabolits content and yield of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Crop Production Research, 4(3): 265-277.
- Yassen, A., Abou El-Nour, E.A.A. and Shedeed, S., 2010. Response of Wheat to foliar spray with urea and micronutrients. Journal of American Science, 6(9): 14-22.
- Yousefzadeh, S., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M., Sefidkon, F. and Ghiasy Oskuee, M., 2016a. Effect of biofertilizer, azocompost and nitrogen on oil yield and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 46(4): 601-611.
- Yousefzadeh, S., Sabaghnia, N. and Janmohammadi, M., 2016b. The effect of foliar application of nano-iron chelate on physiological and chemical traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of medicinal plants, 4(15): 152-162.
- Zheljazkov, V.D., Astatkie, T. and Hristov, A.N., 2012. Lavender and hyssop productivity, oil content, and bioactivity as a function of harvest time and drying. Industrial Crops and Products, 36: 222-228.
)