نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
3 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
چکیده
خشکی مهمترین عامل محدودکننده تولید محصولات زراعی به‌ویژه در نواحی خشک و نیمه‌خشک دنیا می‌باشد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و کود بر برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، درصد و عملکرد اسانس در نعناع (Mentha spicata L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران در کرج انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه تیمار آبیاری (تأمین 100، 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و چهار رژیم کود شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف کود)، کود شیمیایی (اوره و سوپرفسفات‌تریپل)، کود زیستی (ترکیبی از باکتری‌های ازتوباکتر، سودوموناس و قارچ مایکوریزا) و تلفیق کود زیستی+ 50% کود شیمیایی به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که اثرات اصلی و متقابل کم‌آبیاری و کود بر همه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده معنی‌دار می‌باشد. با افزایش شدت تنش، میزان کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید، کلروفیل کل، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس و عملکرد خشک گیاه کاهش و مقادیر کربوهیدرات، پرولین و درصد نشت الکترولیت افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در نظام آبیاری 100% و تأمین 75% نیاز آبی گیاه، کاربرد کود شیمیایی و تلفیقی باعث بهبود خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد خشک و درصد و عملکرد اسانس شد و در نظام کم‌آبیاری شدید (تأمین 50% نیاز آبی گیاه)، کاربرد کود زیستی بهتر از سایر کودها عمل کرد.
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