F. MalekMaleki; N. Abasi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Barari; M.J. Zare
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of row spacing on yield (performance), morphological indices and essential oil content of two ecotypes of Thymbra (Thymbra spicata L.) in field growing conditions during two years of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of row spacing on yield (performance), morphological indices and essential oil content of two ecotypes of Thymbra (Thymbra spicata L.) in field growing conditions during two years of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. The treatments consisted of three-row spacing (20, 30 and 45 cm) and two ecotypes (Malekshahi and Sumar). The results of the combined analysis revealed that plant spacing and ecotypes had a significant effect on many parameters such as dry matter yield of leaf and plant, percentage, essential oil yield, leaf area index, number of branches, number of flowers per plant and plant height. The comparison of the mean for simple and interaction effects of parameters showed that when row distance between plants increased up to 30 cm, plant dry matter yield, leaf area index, the number of branches and canopy diameter increased in the plant. According to the positive correlation of these parameters with essential oil yield, the highest yield of essential oil was observed in this treatment. Among the two ecotypes, the Malekshahi ecotype was superior to Sumar in terms of dry matter yield of leaf and plant, essential oil, percentage and yield, number of branches, canopy diameter and leaf area index. The results of two-year planting of Thymbra spicata indicated that the highest dry matter of plant yield, leaf area index, number of branches, canopy diameter, length of inflorescence and essential oil percentage were achieved in the second year of cultivation in the row spacing of 30 cm and Malekshahi ecotype.
M.H. Lebaschi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Makizadeh Tafti; S. Asadi-Sanam; Kh. Karimzadeh Asl
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of plant density on quantitative and qualitative yieldof three species of Thymus under dry farming conditions in Tehran (Damavand), Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design based on split plot with three replications during three years (2009-2011). The treatments were included three species (T. vulgaris L., T. daenensis Celak.and T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen.) and three planting densities (4, 6 and 8 plant/m2), which were considered as main and sup-plots, respectively. Shoot dry matter yield, essential oil content, yield and essential oil components were determined. Results showed that the four-interaction effect (density, species, year and province) was significant on dry matter content, calculated to be from 75 to 5172 kg/h in different treatments. The maximum dry matter yield was observed at a density of 6 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the third year of experiment. The highest essential oil yield was obtained at a density of 8 plant/m2 for T. daenensis in Kermanshah in the second year of experiment. The maximum thymol content (80.33%) was related to T. daenensis inDamavand at a density of 6 plant/m2 in the third year of experiment. Overall, high production capacity of T. daenensis in the study provinces indicates the adaptation and economic yield of this native and valuable species.
F. Bahadori; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the morphological reactions of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. cutting to auxins (IAA and IBA) in different concentrations, an experiment was conducted in 2009 at the greenhouse conditions of Semnan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station. This research was conducted ...
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In order to investigate the morphological reactions of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. cutting to auxins (IAA and IBA) in different concentrations, an experiment was conducted in 2009 at the greenhouse conditions of Semnan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 20 observations per replication. The treatments included A: two types of auxin (Indole-acetic acid (IAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) and B: concentrations of auxin, (0, 100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm). The traits studied were the root length and number, the percentage of rooting and dry root weight and new buds in plants. Results showed that the highest root dry weight and the root length were observed in the cuttings treated with 100 and 300 ppm of auxins. These concentrations (100 and 300 ppm) of auxins respectively stimulated root dry weight by about 3.6 and 3.25 times higher than control plants and increased the root length by about 150 and 90 percent more than control cuttings. The highest root length, root number, and number of new buds in the cuttings of Thymus kotschyanus were obtained due to the application of IAA as compared with IBA. Our findings confirm that the cuttings treated with 100 ppm of IAA can produce the highest quality transplants at commercial scale.
M. Nasiri; S.E. Seedian; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi
Abstract
Thymus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal genera in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. This research was aimed to investigate the germination parameters and establishment of seedlings from different accessions ...
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Thymus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, is one of the most important medicinal genera in Iran. It has many uses in food, health care, cosmetics and especially in pharmaceutical industries. This research was aimed to investigate the germination parameters and establishment of seedlings from different accessions of Thymus species(T. daenensis, T. fedchenkoi, T. kotschyanus, T. lancifolius, T. migricus, T. pubescens, T. transcaspicus and T. vulgaris). All the accessions are stored in Natural Resources Gene Bank of Iran. The seeds of accession were son in pots using a completely randomized design with three replications. Data were collected for thousand seed weight, seed germination percentage, seed storage time, germination rate, vegetative growth rate (2, 4, 6 and 8-leaf stage and the emergence of lateral branches), and the establishment percentage of each accession was measured in greenhouse. Unknown accessions were identified after preparing the herbarium specimens. Results indicated positive and significant correlations between 1000-seed weight and germination percentage as well as between seedling establishment and germination percentage (p<0.05); however, no significant correlation was found with emergence of leaves. The highest 1000-seed weight was observed in T. kotschyanus and T. lancifolius, respectively and the highest percentage of germination in T. pubescens. Positive and significant correlations were observed between primary and secondary seed germination percentage and germination rate; however, leaf emergence and lateral branch emergence were negatively correlated. Secondary seed germination showed significant positive correlation with germination rate (p<1% and 5%, respectively). Germination rate and leaf emergence showed positive significant correlation. There were no significant correlations between leaf emergence and lateral branch emergence of different species.
M. Mirza; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; B. Allahverdi Mamaghani
Abstract
In order to investigate the quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus species, an experiment was conducted under field condition at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. This project was related to national project, entitled extraction, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential ...
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In order to investigate the quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus species, an experiment was conducted under field condition at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. This project was related to national project, entitled extraction, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil of different Thymus species in some provinces of Iran. For This purpose, seeds of 75 accessions, collected from various provinces, were cultivated under greenhouse condition. Then, seedlings were transferred to the experimental field and cultivated under field condition. Flowering shoots were collected at 50% of flowering stage, dried in shadow and grinded. Essential oil extraction was carried out by hydro distillation method (Clevenger apparatus-Britain pharmacopeia) for three hours. Chemical compounds were identified with GC and GC-MS. According to the results, essential oil yield was between 0.04%-2%. The highest essential oil yield in relation to dry weight belongs to T. kotschyanus (2%), T. daenesis (1.92%) and T. vulgaris (1.69%) from west Azerbaijan province, Lorestan province and Markazi province, respectively. Linalool, geraniol, α-terpineol, Thymol, carvacrol, α-terpinyl acetate and geranyl acetate chemotypes were recognized among accessions. During two years, the highest Thymol (76.6%), carvacrol (82.9%) and geraniol (62.7%) were observed in T. daenesis from Markazi province, T. daenesis from Semnan province and T. lancifolius from Fars province.
M.R. Kodori; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; Gh.H. Rahmani
Abstract
To investigate the effects of nutrition systems on the yield and some traits of Mentha piperita L., this experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, during 2008 to 2010. A combined analysis of variance was performed using Randomized ...
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To investigate the effects of nutrition systems on the yield and some traits of Mentha piperita L., this experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, during 2008 to 2010. A combined analysis of variance was performed using Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications by MSTATC statistical software and means were compared by Duncan test. The treatments were consisting of different levels of N, P and K (conventional system), mixture of different levels of NPK and manure (integrated system), different levels of manure (organic system) and control. The results showed that, the effect of nutrition systems on biological yield, economic yield, dry matter percentage, leaf length, leaf width, and plant height were significant. The yield increased with increasing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The yield of Mentha piperita in the integrated system was higher than that of other systems. Maximum fresh weight yield (38313 kg/ha) and maximum economic yield (5634 kg/ha ) were obtained in the first year from integrated system (120kg N, 90kg P, and 120kg K+5 tons manure per hectar). With increasing age of the plant, the fresh weight yield decreased to 15% and 63% in the second and third years, respectively. In the present experiment, the highest yield was obtained with application of 120 kg nitrogen, 90 kg phosphorus, 120 kg potassium, and 5 tons manure per hectare. The use of this plant in a plot of land more than three years will not be cost-effective.
F. Bahadori; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; M. Mirza; M. Matinizade; V. Abdosi
Abstract
In order to study the effects of interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on some elements content, dry matter yield and root colonisation in organic cultivation of Thymus daenensis Celak, an experiment was conducted at semnan natural resource ...
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In order to study the effects of interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on some elements content, dry matter yield and root colonisation in organic cultivation of Thymus daenensis Celak, an experiment was conducted at semnan natural resource research field at shahmirzad, in 2011-2012. Treatments included: A: the fungus of Glomus moseae (1-inoculated (AM) and 2- no inoculated) and B: PGPR inoculums (1- Bacillus subtilis 2- Pseudomonas fluorescens 3- control). A factorial experiment design was applied in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications. Results showed that foliar K contents and root colonisation increased significantly with the G. moseae inoculation and the foliar P contents increased significantly with the B. subtilis inoculation alone. There was negative interactions between G. moseae and P. fluorescens on dry matter yield and nutrient uptake. The most effective treatment was observed in the co- inoculation with G. moseae and B. subtilis, which synergistically increased dry matter yield and nutrient uptake campared with singly inoculated or non- inoculated plants.
A. Zarezadeh; H. Madah Arefi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; A. Mirhosseini; M.R. Arabzadeh
Abstract
The Thymus genus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, consists of over 215 different species in the world. Eighteen species are growing naturally in Iran, among which four species are endemic. Different species of thyme are used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. This research, conducted ...
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The Thymus genus, belonging to Lamiaceae family, consists of over 215 different species in the world. Eighteen species are growing naturally in Iran, among which four species are endemic. Different species of thyme are used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. This research, conducted in Yazd province during 2008-2011, was aimed to investigate the phenology and compatibility of different thyme species. The seeds of 69 accessions of unknown thyme species, provided by the natural resources gene bank of Iran, were planted to study the phenology and establishment rate. According to the obtained results, among 69 accessions studied, eight accessions were compatible with the climate conditions of the study station, 28 accessions were fairly compatible, and 33 accessions were less compatible. The average of establishment rate was calculated to be 75%, 68% and 58% in 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The highest establishment rate (100%) was related to accession BHUXD )T. fedchenkoi×T. pubescens(, selected as superior accession, and the lowest establishment rate (7%) was related to accession XDRNJI (T. lancifolius×T. pubescens).
H. Tehrani Sharif; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; A.A. Tajali; M. Makizadeh Tafti
Abstract
In order to evaluate soil fertilization systems on yield quantity and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), this study was conducted as a field experiment in Shahrerey Islamic Azad University in 2011. The experiment was conducted in split plots in time based on completely randomized block design with ...
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In order to evaluate soil fertilization systems on yield quantity and quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), this study was conducted as a field experiment in Shahrerey Islamic Azad University in 2011. The experiment was conducted in split plots in time based on completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were various levels of chemical fertilizers (N-P-K), different levels of manure, mixture of different ratios of fertilize and manure and without fertilizer and manure (control). Two harvests were arranged in main plots and 16 levels of fertilizer were assigned to the sub plots. According to the results, the highest amount of dry yield (2442 kgha-1) was obtained in second harvest and in intermediate treatment (25 tonha-1 of manure mixed with N=80, P=64 and K=80 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers). Results showed that the intermediate treatment (10 tonha-1 of manure mixed with N=120, P=96 and K=120 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers) in second harvest produced the highest amount of essential oil (0.69%). The results suggest that the use of organic fertilizer alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers has a positive effect in improving the yield quantity and quality of basil.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Rouhipour; M.H. Assareh; S.R. Tabei Aghdaei; M.H. Lebaschy; B. Naderi
Abstract
In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, ...
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In order to investigate of water requirement in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Center in 2012. The lysimeters with drainage system were used for Rosa damascene (adult plant), Medicago sativa (reference plant) and control group (only soil). For each lysimeter, the soil moisture content was measured by weighting method before and after applying irrigation treatments based on the field capacity. The amount of water requirement and run-off were measured in each lysimeter. The evapotranspiration of Rosa damascene (ETc) and reference plant (ETo) was estimated by lysimeter. The plant coefficient of Rosa damascene (Kc) was calculated by ETc/ETo ratio. In order to comparison of lysimeter data with indirect methods, the Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods (corrected by FAO) were used to determine the evapotranspiration in reference plant. According to the obtained results, WUE and ETo in Rosa damascene were calculated to be 2.18 and 46.0, respectively. The evapotarnspiration of Rosa damascene after 820 GDD in full flowering, was 111 mm. The ETc after 3740 GDD in the late stage was estimated to be 1147 mm. The evapotarnspiration of reference plants, after 3833 GDD, in lysimeter, Blaney Criddle and Penman-Monteith methods were 1247, 1392 and 1160 mm, respectively. Based on results, a similar estimation of ETo content was obtained by lysimetr and computational methods.
S.P. Ghasemi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Abstract
The effects of density and intercropping of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and rocket sativa (Eruca sativa L.) were evaluated on yield and land equivalent ratio. The experiment was conducted as spilt plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for one year (2010-11) in the ...
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The effects of density and intercropping of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and rocket sativa (Eruca sativa L.) were evaluated on yield and land equivalent ratio. The experiment was conducted as spilt plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications for one year (2010-11) in the experimental field of Share-Rey University. Main plots included three density levels (40, 20 and 16 plantm2) and subplots included six intercropping arrangement system. CCCCCCCC (pure culture of Carthamus tinctorious L.) EEEEEEEE (Pure culture of Eruca sativa L.) and CCCCEEEE, ECCCEEEC, CCEECCEECC, CECECECE (Mix culture). The studied characteristics included yield, yield components and LER. According to the results, the highest dry matter yield (1035 and 1050 gr) and seed yield (246 and 268 gr) were obtained from a density of 40 and CCCCEEEE arrangement for Eruca sativa and Carthamus tinctorious, respectively. In addition, the highest LER of dry matter yield (1.41) and seed yield (1.48) were obtained from high density and CCCCEEEE arrangement, indicating the benefits of intercropping as compared to the pure culture of each studied species
M.R. Kodori; E. Sherifi Ashorabadi; M. Ghonchei
Abstract
Aloe vera L. is considered as one of the most important medicinal species, having high resistance to water scarcity and soil salinity. To investigate the effects of planting date and location on yield and a few characteristics of Aloe vera, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete blocks design ...
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Aloe vera L. is considered as one of the most important medicinal species, having high resistance to water scarcity and soil salinity. To investigate the effects of planting date and location on yield and a few characteristics of Aloe vera, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete blocks design was conducted with three replications in 2009. The main treatment included location at two levels (Tekab, 329 m a.s.l and Chahar Farsakh, 930 m a.s.l) and two planting dates including (October 2009 and February 2009) were considered as sub treatments. Data were analyzed in terms of yield per plant, height, leaf length, leaf width, and gel yield. According to the results, the highest yield, plant survival, gel yield and leaf number were obtained from the second planting date (25 Feb.). Also, a significant and positive correlation was found among the studied traits, as leaf number, leaf diameter, and plant height had the highest correlation with flower yield. According to the obtained results, the best planting location and planting date were Tekab (Shahdad) and 25 February, respectively.
L. Safaei; E Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Zeinali; D. Afiuni; M. Mirza
Abstract
In order to study the effects of harvesting stages on essential oil yield and composition of Thymus caramanicus Jalas, an experiment was conducted during 2007-2009 in Fozveh Research Station of Isfahan. collected seeds from natural habitat were cultivated in pots and then seedlings were transplanted ...
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In order to study the effects of harvesting stages on essential oil yield and composition of Thymus caramanicus Jalas, an experiment was conducted during 2007-2009 in Fozveh Research Station of Isfahan. collected seeds from natural habitat were cultivated in pots and then seedlings were transplanted at the main field in a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Aerial parts of the species were harvested at 4 stages including: beginning of flowering, fifty percent flowering, full flowering and fruit set during two years. The plant materials were dried and their essential oils were obtained by water distillation. Capillary GC and GC/MS analysis were used to determine the volatile profile of essential oil samples. Results showed that harvesting stages had significant effects on thymol and carvacrol content and essential oil percentage. The highest amount of essential oil and thymol percentage were obtained at full flowering stage of the first year (1.56% and 3.59 kg/ha, respectively) and the maximum carvacrol percentage was obtained at fruit set stage of the first year (25.45 kg/ha). Six components consisted the highest amount of essential oil, among them carvacrol was dominant at all 4 harvesting stages. The highest amount of carvacrol was obtained at the beginning of flowering stage (88.45%) in the second year. Thymol was the second dominant component with a maximum percentage of 11.77%, obtained at full flowering stage. The highest content of ρ- cymene, 1,8-cineole and γ-terpinene were obtained at fruit set stage (2.35, 1.21 and 2.15%, respectively) and the highest content of borneol was recorded at full flowering stage (7.52%). Also, a positive correlation was observed between essential oil percentage and amounts of thymol and carvacrol. In conclusion, the best time for harvesting of T. caramanicus to achieve the maximum carvacrol percentage was fruit set stage, while full flowering stage was identified as the best time to achieve the maximum essential oil and thymol percentage.
M. larti; S. Ghasempour; E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; B. Alizadeh
Abstract
Thyme is one of the most important species in pharmaceutical, food, health and cosmetic industries. In order to study natural habitats of different species from Thymus genus in west Azerbaijan province, several studies were conducted in habitat conditions during 2001-2003. First, habitat surveys were ...
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Thyme is one of the most important species in pharmaceutical, food, health and cosmetic industries. In order to study natural habitats of different species from Thymus genus in west Azerbaijan province, several studies were conducted in habitat conditions during 2001-2003. First, habitat surveys were conducted in different parts of the province and then plot establishment and data collection were performed in the habitats of T. pubescens and T. kotschyanus, in Hajibeyk and Ghoshchi regions, respectively. In this study, in addition to climate and soil data, vegetation indices such as plant height, canopy cover, number of branches and root length were measured. The results of the study showed that T. kotschyanus is distributed at an altitude of 1450-2500 m and slopes of 20-60% in northern slope and with an average rainfall of 400-600 mm while, T. pubescens is distributed at an altitude of 1900-2600 m, and slopes of 10-45 % (east and north), with an average rainfall of 250-400 mm. A soil texture of silty-clay-loam and silty-loam are needed for the growth of T. kotschyanus and T. pubesen, respectively. Essential oil percentage in 50% flowering stage was recorded to be 1/12% and 1/78% in T. pubescens and T. kotschyanus, respectively.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; H. Rouhipour; M.H. Assareh; M.H Lebaschy; B. Abaszadeh; B. Naderi; M. Rezaei sarkhosh
Abstract
To investigate the crop water requirement of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Complex during 2007-2008. Crop water requirement was determined using Penman-Monteith method and lysimetery. The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate the evapotranspiration ...
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To investigate the crop water requirement of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), an experiment was carried out in the Alborz Research Complex during 2007-2008. Crop water requirement was determined using Penman-Monteith method and lysimetery. The Penman-Monteith method was used to estimate the evapotranspiration of the hypothetical reference crop with fixed crop parameters. The Kc coefficients for Achillea millefolium were calculated to be 0.16, 0.45, 1.05 and 0.81 for the initial, development, middle and the late stages (80 percent of plant flowering) of growth, respectively. According to the results, Achillea millefolium could be recommended for dry land farming areas with minimum 149.72 mm annual rainfall.
L. Safaei; E. Sharifi ashoorabadi; H. Zeinali; M. Mirza
Abstract
In order to study the effect of different harvesting stages on aerial yield, essential oil percentage and essential oil components in Thymus daenensis Celak., an experiment was conducted in Esfahan as a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications during 2007- 2009 and the best harvest time ...
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In order to study the effect of different harvesting stages on aerial yield, essential oil percentage and essential oil components in Thymus daenensis Celak., an experiment was conducted in Esfahan as a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications during 2007- 2009 and the best harvest time for maximum aerial yield, essential oil yield and amount of thymol were investigated. Aerial parts of the plants were harvested at four stages including: beginning of flowering, 50% flowering, full flowering and fruit set and were dried in the shade. The results showed that different harvesting stages had significant effects on all evaluated traits. According to the results of mean comparisons, the highest aerial dry weight and essential oil yield occurred at full flowering stage and the highest essential oil percentage was recorded at 50% flowering. Interaction effect of year and different harvesting stages showed that the highest aerial dry weight and essential oil yield (3083 and 68.61 kg/ha respectively) were recorded at full flowering stage in the second year. In both years, the highest amount of essential oil percentage was observed at 50% flowering and the year had no significant effect on this trait. The essential oil was mainly consisted of six components, among them thymol was dominant at four harvesting stages. The highest amount of thymol was obtained from beginning of flowering stage (85.9%) which had significant difference compared to other stages. The second dominant component was carvacrol at fruit set which showed significant difference compared to other stages. The maximum amount of P-cymene, 1,8-cineole and δ-terpinene were recorded at 50% flowering stage (3.4, 1.4 and 1.8% respectively). Borneole was also dominant (2.53%) at fruit set. In conclusion, full flowering stage was identified as the best time for harvesting of T. daenensis to achieve the maximum aerial yield, essential oil and thymol yield.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashourabadi; M.R. Ardakani; M.H. Lebaschi; F. Safikhani; M. Naderi Hadjibagher Kandi; F. Sefidkon
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 223-230
Abstract
In order to investigation of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on essential oil content and composition of Balm, the experiment was conducted during 7 months in field condition at Alborze Research complex in 2004. This experiment was carried out at two levels of suspension nitrogen (4.5% and ...
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In order to investigation of application methods of nitrogen fertilizer on essential oil content and composition of Balm, the experiment was conducted during 7 months in field condition at Alborze Research complex in 2004. This experiment was carried out at two levels of suspension nitrogen (4.5% and 6%) spraying on shoot and two levels of solid nitrogen (60 and 90 kg N/ha) application in soil with control. Treatment was implicated to three equal divisions. This experiment was carried out in complete randomized block design with 4 replications. In floral imitation, plants harvested and essential oil were extracted by water distillation. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed a significant difference (1%) among nitrogen rates application on essential oil yield. Identification of essential oil components showed that some compounds of the oil decreased with more application of nitrogen in two methods of nitrogen application, whereas some other compounds increased with most application nitrogen in both methods.
A. Akbarinia; M. Khosravifard; M.B. Rezaee; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi
Abstract
In order to study the autumn and spring cultivation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Ajowan (Carum copticum), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and Anis (Pimpenella anisum) under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions an experimental bulk design with 4 replications was conducted in Alamut medicinal ...
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In order to study the autumn and spring cultivation of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Ajowan (Carum copticum), Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and Anis (Pimpenella anisum) under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions an experimental bulk design with 4 replications was conducted in Alamut medicinal plant research station in 2000 and 2001. Each medicinal plant was studied in a separate experiment. Treatments were included: autumn + irrigation, autumn + non–irrigation, spring + irrigation and spring + non-irrigation. The results showed significant different responses mentioned plants planting season Fennel and black cumin had earlier spring growth, more shoot, seed weight, and more seed yield because of better establishment in autumn. While ajowan and anis autumn planting could not be successful because of damping off, so their planting can only be practical in spring. All plants were better in respect of height; seed weight and seed yield in irrigation compared with non-irrigation condition. There was less difference between seed yield of fennel in irrigation and non-irrigation condition in autumn planting. Fennel and black cumin had 1703 and 1298 in irrigation, 948 and 447 kg/ha in non-irrigation condition in autumn planting. Also ajowan and anis had 1147, 1120 in irrigation and 312 and 361 kg/ha in non-irrigation condition in spring planting. Result of Pearson Correlation Coefficient about black cumin showed that there were significant correlations among all of the traits.
B. Abbaszadeh; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.R. Ardakani; F. Paknejad
Abstract
In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using ...
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In order to investigation the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of Melissa officinalis L., an experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in Alborz Research Station in Karaj/Iran in 2003/2004. The research carried out with 6 levels of foliar application of nitrogen using of completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments included 0, 3%, 4.5%, 6%, 7.5 % and 9% nitrogen fertilizer and applied in 3 stages on plant. Results showed that effect of different levels of foliar application on yield was significant. The level of 4.5% had a higher performance (85.8 g/ shoot per plant) to others. Reduction of yield at levels of 7.5% and 9.0% was explained by Micherlich law. Foliar application caused to increase of yield and decreasing of agroecosystem pollution. Foliar application was a suitable approach in sustainable agriculture.
A. Akbarinia; M. Khosravifard; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; P. Babakhanlou
Abstract
The effects of irrigation regimes on yield and agronomic characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa) were studied at the medicinal plants Research station of Qazvin Agricultural and natuoral resources research center during the years 1997 and 1998. A compele randomized block design(CRBD)with three ...
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The effects of irrigation regimes on yield and agronomic characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa) were studied at the medicinal plants Research station of Qazvin Agricultural and natuoral resources research center during the years 1997 and 1998. A compele randomized block design(CRBD)with three replications was used. The treatments comprised four irrigation periods, 7, 14 , 21 interval days and without irrigation.The characteristits studied include of plant height, 1000 grains weight, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed/capsule weight ratio and seed yield. Results showed that irrigation perriods in each of two years significantly affected effects plant height, number of capsule per plant, number of seed per plant and seed yield. The seven- day irrigation interval had the highest seed yield (1118kgha-1). There was no difference between treatments in respect of 1000 grains weight and grain/capsule weight ratio. However in water deficit and non- irrigation condition, plant showed resistance to the drought and produced crop with minimum soil moisture of the measured parameters, there was a significant correlation between yield, plant height, number of capsule per plant and number of seed per capsule.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; A. Matin; B. Abbaszadeh; K. Alizadeh Anaraki
Abstract
To investigation of Eenergy efficiency in agroecosystem, a field experiment was carried out on Mellisa officinlais in Alborz research complex in 2004 year. The treatments was 80 kgha-1 nitrogen application in soil and spry application (%2 nitrogen) that was compared to the control treatment (no fertilizers) ...
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To investigation of Eenergy efficiency in agroecosystem, a field experiment was carried out on Mellisa officinlais in Alborz research complex in 2004 year. The treatments was 80 kgha-1 nitrogen application in soil and spry application (%2 nitrogen) that was compared to the control treatment (no fertilizers) in complete randomize block design with three replication. In both treatments, the first application was conducted when plant high was 10 cm and second application was after 30 days. The harvest carried out before flowering. The energy efficiency was calculated by a software that had been designed.The results showed that, the spry method was significant (a=%5) to others. In comparison of other treatments, the spry application of nitrogen, increased energy efficiency to 2.14. In the spry method, nitrogen fertilizer reduced. Based on the results, low input Agriculture systems could be introduced for sustainable agriculture.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; A. Matin; M.H. Lebaschi; B. Abbaszadeh
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 369-376
Abstract
In order to effects of reduction in nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystem, a field experiment was carried out on Mellisa officinlais in Alborz research complex in 2004 year. The treatments was 80 kgha-1 nitrogen application in soil and %2 spry application ...
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In order to effects of reduction in nitrogen fertilizer in agroecosystem, a field experiment was carried out on Mellisa officinlais in Alborz research complex in 2004 year. The treatments was 80 kgha-1 nitrogen application in soil and %2 spry application that was compared to the control treatment (no fertilizers) in complete randomize block design with three replication. In both treatments, the first application was conducted when plant high was 10 cm and second application was after 30 days. The harvest carried out before flowering. The results showed that, in comparison of other treatments, the application of nitrogen in form of spry , raised dry mater yield to 5532.8 kgha-1. The LSD test showed that, the spry method was significant (a=%5) to control. In the spry method, nitrogen fertilizer reduced 87.5% to the control. Based on the results, low input Agriculture systems could be introduced for sustainable agriculture.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; A. Matin; B. abbaszadeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , October 2003, , Pages 313-329
Abstract
To inverstigation of fertiltizers, manure and maxiture of them on amount and efficiency of nitrogen in agroecosystem, a field experiment was conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)in alborz Research complex in Karaj/Iran.The treatments included, various levels fertilizers (NPK),used in commercial ...
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To inverstigation of fertiltizers, manure and maxiture of them on amount and efficiency of nitrogen in agroecosystem, a field experiment was conducted on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)in alborz Research complex in Karaj/Iran.The treatments included, various levels fertilizers (NPK),used in commercial agricultural system, different levels of manure, used in sustainable (organic) system, as well as a mixture of different ratio of fertilizers and manure, used in intermediate system, which were in comparison to the control treatment (no fertilizers and manure applied). The experiment design with three replication. The results showed that, treatment ’’20 ton/ha of manure mixed with N=80, P=64 and K=80 kg/ha of chemical fertilizers’’ of the intermediate systems produced the highest amounts of protein (3.182 percent). The highest of nitrogen efficiency in agroecosystem was caught in treatment “25 ton/ha of manure mixed with N=60, p=48 and K=60 Kg/ha of chemical fertilizers’’ of the intermediate systems. In the chemical systems, The increase of fertilizers, the nitrogen efficiency reduced considerably. Based on the results, the intermediate systems could be introduced for sustainable agriculature.
E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; A. Matin; M.H. Lebaschi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 157-182
Abstract
To investigate different method of soil fertilization and their effects on physiological growth indices a filed experiment was carried out on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) a medicinal plant, in Alborz Research complex, (NPK), used in commercial agriculture systems, a mixture of different ratios of ...
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To investigate different method of soil fertilization and their effects on physiological growth indices a filed experiment was carried out on Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) a medicinal plant, in Alborz Research complex, (NPK), used in commercial agriculture systems, a mixture of different ratios of fertilizers and manure, used in intermediate systems as well as different levels of manure used in sustainable systems, with were in comparison to the control (no fertilizers and manure applied) that selection in three systems. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete blocks design with three replication. The physiological growth indices, such as dry matter, Leaf area index, and relative growth rate were determined. Dry matter and leaf area index in the intermediate system "20 tonha -1 of manure mixed with N=80, P=64 and K=80 kgha-1 of chemical fertilizers" pointed a noticeable increase during plant growth, compared to the methods. Seed yield increased %93.2, %14.1 and %8.6 related to control, chemical and organic systems respectively. In seed, the essential oil was %3.18 that increased %22.8 related to control and chemical system respectively and %10.8 related to organic system. In the essential oil, anethole increased. Application of intermediate system improved soil physical, chemical and biologica properties and raised absorption of nutrient, plant canopy and light interception in agroecosystes.
