In collaboration with Scientific Association of Iranian Medicinal Plants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Natural Resources, Semnan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Semnan, Iran

2 Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, AREEO, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In order to study the effects of interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on some elements content, dry matter yield and root colonisation in organic cultivation of Thymus daenensis Celak, an experiment was conducted at semnan natural resource research field at shahmirzad, in 2011-2012. Treatments included: A: the fungus of Glomus moseae (1-inoculated (AM) and 2- no inoculated) and B: PGPR inoculums (1- Bacillus subtilis 2- Pseudomonas fluorescens 3- control). A factorial experiment design was applied in a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and three replications. Results showed that foliar K contents and root colonisation increased significantly with the G. moseae inoculation and the foliar P contents increased significantly with the B. subtilis inoculation alone. There was negative interactions between G. moseae and P. fluorescens on dry matter yield and nutrient uptake. The most effective treatment was observed in the co- inoculation with G. moseae and B. subtilis, which synergistically increased dry matter yield and nutrient uptake campared with singly inoculated or non- inoculated plants.

Keywords

- اصلانی، ز.، حسنی، ع.، رسولی صدقیانی، م.ح.، سفیدکن، ف. و برین، م.، 1391. تأثیر دو گونه قارچ آربوسکولار مایکوریزا بر رشد، مقادیر کلروفیل و جذب فسفر در گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی. تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران، 27(3): 486-471.
- امامی، ع.، 1375. روشهای تجزیه گیاه. جلد اول، نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، 128 صفحه.
- بهبود، م.، گلچین، ا. و بشارتی، ح.، 1391. تأثیر فسفر و باکتری‌های محرک رشد (PGPR) سودوموناس فلورسنس بر عملکرد و کیفیت گیاه سیب‌زمینی (Solana tuberosum L.) رقم آگریا. نشریه آب و خاک (علوم و صنایع کشاورزی)، 26(2): 271-260.
- جلالی، ل.، 1383. تأثیر هیدرومورفولوژی شهمیرزاد بر مورفولوژی شهری. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، 150 صفحه.
- Abdul-Jaleel, C., Manivannan, B., Sankar, A., Kishorekumar, R., Gopi, R., Omasundaram and Panneerselvam, R. 2007. Pseudomonas fluorescens enhances biomass yield and ajmalicine production in Catharanthus roseus under water deficit stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 60: 7-11.
- Adesemoye, A., Torbert, H. and Kloepper, J., 2009. Plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria Allow reduced application rates of chemical fertilizersMicrobial Ecology., 58: 921-929.
- Artursson ,V., Finlay, R. and Jansson, J., 2006. Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria and their potential for stimulating plant growth. Environmental Microbiology, 8: 1-10.
- Arun, K., 2002. A Handbook of Organic Farming. Agrobios, India, 180p.
- Aseri, G., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A. and Meghwal, P., 2008. Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulturae, 117: 130-135.
- Banerjee, M., Yesmin, L. and Vessey, J., 2006. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers and biopesticides. In: Rai MK (ed) Handbook of microbial biofertilizers. Haworth Press, New York, 250p.
- Bashan,Y., 1986. Significance of tining and level of inoculation with rhizosphere bacteria on wheat plants. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 18: 297-301.
- Bethlenfalvay, G., Brown, M., Ames, R. and Thomas, R., 1988. Effects of drought on host and endophyte development in mycorrhizal soybeans in relation to water use and phosphate uptake. Physiol Plant, 72: 565-571.
- Clark, R.B. and Zeto, S.K., 2000. Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 23: 867-902.
- DeClerck, S., Devos, B., Delvaux, B. and Plenchette, C., 1994. Growth response of micropropagated banana plants to VAM inoculation. Fruits, 49: 103-109.
- Eason, W.R., Scullion, J. and Scott, E.P., 1999. Soil parameters and plant responses associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas from contrasting grassland management regimes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment., 73: 245-255.
- Ebel, R.C., Welbaum, G.E., Gunatilake, M., Nelson, T. and Auge, R.M., 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and nonhydraulic signailing of soil drying in Vigna unguiculate (L.) Walp. Mycorrhiza, 6: 119-127.
- Faber, B.A., Zasoske, R.J., Munns, D.N. and Shackel, K., 1991. A method for measuring hyphal nutrition and water uptake in mycorrhizal plants. Canadian Journal of Botany, 69: 87-94.
- Floresa, A.C., Lunab, A. and Portugalb, V.O., 2010. Yield and Quality Enhancement of Marigold Flowers by Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis and Glomus fasciculatum. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 31(1): 21-31.
- Giri, B., Kapoor, R. and Mukerji, K.G., 2007. Improved tolerance of Acacia nilotica to salt Stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomus fasciculatum may be partly related to elevated K/Na ratios in root and shoot tissues Microbial Ecology, 54: 753-760.
- Glick, B.R., Todorovic, B., Czarny, J., Cheng, Z., Duan, J. and McConkey, B., 2007. Promotion of plant growth by bacterial ACC deaminase. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 26: 227-242.
- Green, H., Larsen, J., Olsson, P.A., Jensen, D.F. and Jakobsen, I., 1999. Suppression of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum by mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices in root-free soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65: 1428-1434.
- Harley, J.L. and Smith, S.E., 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. London: Academic Press, 403p.
- Kapoor, R., Chaudhary, V. and Bhatnagar, A., 2007. Effect of the arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L. Mycorrhiza, 17: 581-587.
- Kapoor, R., Giri, B. and Mukerji, K.G., 2002. Glomus macrocarpum: a potential bioinoculant to improve essential oil quality and concentration in Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and Carum (Trachyspermum Ammi (L.) Sprague). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(5), 459-463.
- Kapoor, R., Giri, B., Krishna, G. and Mukerji, I., 2004. Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare mill. on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource technology, 93: 307-311.
- Kim, K.Y., Jordan, D. and McDonald ,G.A., 1998. Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on tomato growth and soil microbial activity. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 26: 79-87.
- Kohler, J., Caravaca, F., Carrasco, L. and Roldan, A., 2006. Contribution of Pseudomonas mendocina and Glomus intraradices to aggregate stabilization and promotion of biological fertility in rhizosphere soil of lettuce plants under field conditions. Soil Use and Management, 22: 298-304.
- Kucey, R.M.N., 1988. Alteration of size of wheat root systems and nitrogen fixation by associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria measured under field conditions. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 34: 735-739.