Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
M. Mohammadalizadeh; A. Asgharzadeh; M. Tatari
Abstract
Plants polyphenolics play an important role in reducing the effects of the diseases on the body. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is one of the natural sources of polyphenols. Chicory leaves contain minerals and glucosides called chicory (sicorin) and its roots contain sugars, inulin, pectin and essential ...
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Plants polyphenolics play an important role in reducing the effects of the diseases on the body. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is one of the natural sources of polyphenols. Chicory leaves contain minerals and glucosides called chicory (sicorin) and its roots contain sugars, inulin, pectin and essential oil. The liver is an essential organ of the body that performs over 500 vital functions. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of consumption on liver enzymes concentration, fertility, and masculinity in rats. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Chicory extract was prepared using Soxhlet method and methanol solvent. The treatment groups received the chicory extract in different amounts and concentrations for 28 days. One group was also considered as the control group. On the 29th day, blood samples were taken from the ventricular area of the heart. To determine the effects of chicory consumption on fertility and masculinity, fertilization was performed naturally in each group and the number of offspring and their gender were determined and compared. The results showed that chicory methanol extract consumption made significant differences between the different treatments compared to the control on LH (in 100 (P<0.01) and 200 (P<0.001) mg.kg-1) and FSH (in 100 (P<0.001) and 200 (P<0.001) mg.kg-1) hormones, number of births (in 100 (P<0.01) and 200 (P<0.01) mg.kg-1) and male offspring (in 100 (P<0.05) and 200 (P<0.01) mg.kg-1), but there was no significant difference in the liver enzymes concentration in different treatments compared to the control.
M. Ahmadinasab; S. Valipour Chahardah Cheric; M. Setorki
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with physical, physiological, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on histopathology and liver function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is associated with physical, physiological, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on histopathology and liver function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this experimental study, Wistar male rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight including control, diabetic, diabetic treated with 100, 200, and 400 (mg/kg) doses of C. monogyna extract and positive control (diabetic treated with captopril). Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of a single-dose of STZ (60 mg/kg). After observation of the diabetes symptoms (blood glucose level above 250 mg/dL and polydipsia), treatments were done using extract and drug. After three weeks of treatment with extract and drug intra-peritoneally, the serum level of liver enzymes and albumin was determined and liver tissue samples were prepared for histopathologic examination. In diabetic rats, there was a significant decrease in serum albumin and a significant increase in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in comparison with healthy rats (P<0.05). Treatment of diabetic rats with different doses of C. monogyna extract increased albumin and decreased GGT in serum significantly (P<0.05). In diabetic rats, hepatocytes necrosis, complete destruction of the liver lobules and Remak bundles and hyperemia were observed, and the treatment with C. monogyna extract prevented the pathologic changes. The results of this study showed that C. monogyna extract can prevent liver tissue degradation and its dysfunction in diabetic rats.
S. Ebrahimi; M.R. Farahpour; M. Saebnajjar
Abstract
One of the side effects of diabetes is delay in wound healing process. Thus, the use of effective compounds for fasten the wound healing process is important. The present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of Aloe vera L. gel and hydroethanolic extract of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ...
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One of the side effects of diabetes is delay in wound healing process. Thus, the use of effective compounds for fasten the wound healing process is important. The present study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of Aloe vera L. gel and hydroethanolic extract of Pistacia atlantica Desf. hulls on wound healing process in 54 adult mice with type-2 diabetes. A circle full-thickness excisional wound model was created on the back of each mouse by a 6-mm punch biopsy. The mice were divided into three groups including control group, 5% Aloe vera gel (w/w) and a combined of 5% Aloe vera gel + 5% Pistacia atlantica extract (w/w). Wound closure rate was evaluated at 4, 8, 12 and 16 days. Edema, cellular infiltration, revascularization, and collagen deposition were assessed among groups. Wound contraction ratio was significantly higher in the treated groups in comparison to control group (P<0.05). The edema was significantly decreased in the treated groups compared with control group, while fibroblast infiltration, revascularization and collagen deposition were significantly increased in same groups in comparison to control group (P<0.05). The best response was observed in the combined group. Results showed that topical administration of 5% Aloe vera gel + 5% Pistacia atlantica extract, in combined form, accelerated full-thickness excisional wound healing in type 2 diabetic mice by decreasing tissue inflammation and increasing collagen synthesis and re-epithelization and it can be considered as a new drug.
M. Roghani; T. Baluchnejadmojarad; A. Bagheri; S.M. Atyabi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January 2018, , Pages 477-486
Abstract
In the present study, the possible antinociceptive effect of methanolic seed extract of coriander was investigated in male streptozotocin-diabetic rats using standard formalin test. For this purpose, male albino wistar rats (250- 350 g) were used. They were randomly divided into three ...
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In the present study, the possible antinociceptive effect of methanolic seed extract of coriander was investigated in male streptozotocin-diabetic rats using standard formalin test. For this purpose, male albino wistar rats (250- 350 g) were used. They were randomly divided into three groups, i.e. control, diabetic and extract-treated diabetic. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (60 mg/Kg) was administered i.p. After one month, formalin test was conducted. The obtained findings demonstrated that pain sensation in the second interval (5-10 min) of the acute phase of the formalin test ishigher (P < 0.001) in comparison with control group, while a less significant difference was found between control and extract-treated diabetic group (P<0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between control and extract-treated diabetic groups regarding acute and chronic phases of the formalin test. It is concluded that i.p. administration of this extract at a dose of 100 mg/Kg does not produce a significant analgesic effect in formalin test.
R. Ghalandari; F. Ghassemi; H. Kargar Jahromi; N. Gholamzadeh
Abstract
Black seeds (Nigella Sativa L.) is a medicinal plant that has long been used in the treatment of many diseases as sexual dysfunction. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of this plant on ovarian tissue structure. In this research, 35 adult female Wister rats weighing 250-300 g were ...
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Black seeds (Nigella Sativa L.) is a medicinal plant that has long been used in the treatment of many diseases as sexual dysfunction. The present study was conducted to investigate effects of this plant on ovarian tissue structure. In this research, 35 adult female Wister rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into five equal groups as follow: control group (without treatment), a sham solution of water and alcohol, and 3 treatment groups. The hydroalcoholic extract of black seeds was prepared in low, middle and high doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/b.wt), respectively, and they were injected intraperitoneally in three treatment groups daily for three weeks. At the end of treatment period, the ovaries were dissected, and tissue sections (5μm) were prepared after dehydration, clearing and paraffin embedding. Follicular types were counted and histological changes were studied by light microscope. Data were analyzed by SPSS (17), and the study groups were compared by t-test (P<0.05). The results showed significant decrease in the number of primordial and primary follicles in all treatment groups as compared with control group (P<0.05). Also, the number of secondary follicle and ovarian weight in treatment with the maximum dose (4oo mg/kg/b.wt) decreased significantly as compared with control group. According to the results, hydroalcoholic extract of black seeds showed somewhat destructive dose-dependent effects on ovarian tissue and its use should be avoided during pregnancy.
M.H. Abdolmohammadi; A. Dadkhah; M. Babaei
Abstract
Carbon tetra chloride converts to CCL3O by cytochrom P 450 that conjugate with glutathione by GST, leading to GSH depletion and oxidative injuries. Therefore, the compounds with antioxidant activity can prevent oxidative damages induced by CCL4. In this study, the rats were divided into five groups treated ...
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Carbon tetra chloride converts to CCL3O by cytochrom P 450 that conjugate with glutathione by GST, leading to GSH depletion and oxidative injuries. Therefore, the compounds with antioxidant activity can prevent oxidative damages induced by CCL4. In this study, the rats were divided into five groups treated with CCL4, (2ml/kg bw), essential oil (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) and BHT (10mg/kg bw) (ip). In following, the liver and blood were removed after administrations. The activity of GST, reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were measured in liver homogenate. In addition, total antioxidant activity and the level of hepatic marker (AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin) were measured in plasma of rats. The results showed that CCL4 caused GSH depletion and reduction of GST activity in liver, leading to increased liver LP level and transaminase activities (AST and ALT) in plasma. Treatments of rats with essential oil as same as BHT prevent the changes of these parameters. We can conclude that CCL4 induces hepatic oxidative damages in rats. Treatment of rats with essential oils, probably due to its antioxidant activity, can partly prevent the induction of liver injuries.
M. Modhej; S. Tabatabaei Vakili; M. Sari; S. Sallary; E. Mansouri
Abstract
Because of the use of phenol in petrochemical industry and as a disinfectant effect in medicine, this material is widely used. However, the free phenol in the environment is detrimental to the health. The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Hypericum perforatum L. on some of ...
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Because of the use of phenol in petrochemical industry and as a disinfectant effect in medicine, this material is widely used. However, the free phenol in the environment is detrimental to the health. The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective effect of Hypericum perforatum L. on some of the blood biochemical parameters in rats with toxicity induced by phenol. For this purpose, a number of 54 male Wistar rats were divided into 9 treatment groups as 3×3 factorial design with two main factors of Hypericum perforatum (at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg.bw) and phenol (at concentrations of 0, 100 and 200mg/kg.bw). Rats received the extract and phenol every other day with gavage method. On days 15 and 30 of experiment, after blood sampling, the concentrations of some blood serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. In first half of experiment, 200 mg/kg.bw of phenol significantly increased the blood serum cholesterol and LDL values and a concentration of 100mg/kg.bw reduced the VLDL level (p<0.05). In second half of experiment, the highest level of HDL was observed in treatment 250 and 200 mg/kg.bw Hypericum perforatum and phenol, respectively and its lowest value was recorded at concentrations of 500 and 200 mg/kg.bw Hypericum perforatum and phenol, respectively (p<0.05). The other main and interaction effects of treatments were not significant (p>0.05). The findings of present research show that the extract at a concentration of 250 mg/kg could decrease the adverse effect of phenol on HDL biochemical parameter in the long term.
Z. Majidi; M. Behnam-Rassouli; I. Jahansoz
Abstract
In this investigation, the effects of alcoholic extract administration of walnut's leaves (Juglans regia L.) on the serum levels of glucose, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol of diabetic rats were studied. Alcoholic extract of walnut's leaves was prepared by maceration technique and then their lethal ...
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In this investigation, the effects of alcoholic extract administration of walnut's leaves (Juglans regia L.) on the serum levels of glucose, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol of diabetic rats were studied. Alcoholic extract of walnut's leaves was prepared by maceration technique and then their lethal dose was measured. From 32 male and female rats, 8 rats were considered as control (non diabetic) and the others were made diabetic by subcutaneous injection of 120mg/kg body weight Alloxan monohydrate. Diabetic rats were divided into experimental groups as follows: 1 (with no treatment), 2 (treated with 0.75g/kg body weight alcoholic extract) and 3 (treated with 0. 5 g/kg body weight of alcoholic extract). Blood samples were collected weekly for a period of four weeks and the serum levels of glucose, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured. The results indicated that the administration of extract might lower the serum levels of glucose and urea and increase the serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride.
Z. Salimi; R. Headari; V. Nejati; A. Eskandary; Z. Ghasemi
Abstract
Sumac is a shrub with a long history in traditional medicine and due to the phenolic compounds, it has been used as strong antioxidant in treatment of diseases. According to the importance of medicinal plants with the least side effects, in this study the aqueous extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) was ...
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Sumac is a shrub with a long history in traditional medicine and due to the phenolic compounds, it has been used as strong antioxidant in treatment of diseases. According to the importance of medicinal plants with the least side effects, in this study the aqueous extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) was investigated to determine the antidiabetic effects. In this experiment, 30 adult male Wistar rats, with average weight of 180-230 g, were used, divided into 5 groups of 6 each. The rats in the control group were injected with physiological serum with the same volume of injection material. The rats in the second group were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kgbw). In addition to the same treatment of the second group, the rats of third, fourth and fifth groups were orally treated by aqueous extract of sumac at 50, 100 and 250 mg/kgbw for four weeks. Blood glucose level was measured at the start of treatment and at the end of the second and fourth weeks. At the end of 28 days, rats were bled from the heart and total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum LDL-C and HDL-C were measured.Treatment with extract of sumac resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and serum LDL-C in comparison to diabetic group (p<0.05). Changes in serum HDL-C in the groups treated with the extract were not significant compared to diabetic group. Results showed that the aqueous extract of sumac in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus in rats caused appropriate changes in the level of blood glucose and serum lipids.
H. Najafzadeh; N. Erfanimajd; S. Gouraninejad; F. Haghighat
Abstract
Fertility and ovulation are affected by hormones and drugs. Hypericin is one of the drugs affecting the ovulation by neurotransmitters such as dopamine. Hypericin is an important component of Hypericum perforatom (S Johns Wot) used in treatment of depression and its important side effect is photosensitivity. ...
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Fertility and ovulation are affected by hormones and drugs. Hypericin is one of the drugs affecting the ovulation by neurotransmitters such as dopamine. Hypericin is an important component of Hypericum perforatom (S Johns Wot) used in treatment of depression and its important side effect is photosensitivity. In present study, the effect of hypericin on rat ovulation was evaluated. This study was carried as following on 30 female immature 25-day rats. At first day, PMSG was administrated to all rats at nineo’clock in the morning except control group. The control group was kept without drugs and under similar conditions with other groups. No drug was administrated on the second day of study. Positive control group (1) received gonadotropine at dose of 800 ng subcutaneously on day 3. Positive control group (2) received phenobarbital at dose of 4mg/kg interaperitoneally at one o’clock in the afternoon and positive control (3) received phenobarbital at dose of 4mg/kg interaperitoneally at one o’clock in the afternoon and GnRH at dose of 800 ng subcutaneously 2 hours later. Test group (1) was similar to positive control (3), in addition, hypericin was administrated orally at dose of 25mg/kg 30 min before phenobarbital. Test group (2) was similar to test group (1), but hypericin was given at dose of 50mg/kg. The rats were euthanized on day 4 of study at nine o’clock in the morning. The number of mature follicles, hyperemic follicles and corpus hemoragicum was counted. The results showed that administration of hypericin increased growth of follicles and number of mature follicles, hyperemic follicles, and corpus hemoragicum and it enhanced ovulation in comparison to control. However, a final comment on the mechanisms of hypericin effect needs the measurement of related hormones and neurotransmitters.
S. Shirali; S.Z. Bathayi; M. Nakhjavani; M.R. Ashoori
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) has various biological properties. The main aim of the present research is to investigate the possible hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the saffron aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. In this study, 2-5 days old neonatal male Wister rats ...
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Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) has various biological properties. The main aim of the present research is to investigate the possible hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the saffron aqueous extract in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. In this study, 2-5 days old neonatal male Wister rats were randomly divided into healthy and diabetic groups with or without treatment with saffron aqueous extract. Diabetic groups received i.p. injection of streptozotocin (90 mg/kg body weight). Two Diabetic groups were treated with saffron aqueous extract with two doses of 100 and 150 mg/Kg body weight. A healthy group was also treated with high-dose saffron extract as control group. The study lasted for five months. The results indicate a decrease in the mortality rate and a significant increase (P<0.001) in the body weight of diabetic rats treated with saffron aqueous extract compared to the diabetic group. Our results showed that administration of saffron aqueous extract in diabetic rats was effective in decreasing the levels of glucose, HbA1c, TG, total cholesterol, LDL and increasing HDL in the fasting serum (P<0.001). According to the results, saffron aqueous extract has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in diabetic rats.
F. Fatemi; A. Allameh; H. Khalafi; M.B. Rezaei; M. Seyhoon
Abstract
Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences ...
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Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences of sepsis. In this study, CLP rat model was used to consider the protective role of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oils derived from caraway seeds in preventing tissue lung injury. In this regards, the effects of caraway extracts on lung oxidative stress parameters i.e. myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation and glutathione in different groups of rats were considered. Furthermore, in order to consider the effects of γ-irradiation on pharmacological properties of caraway extracts, four groups of rats treated with irradiated caraway seed extracts and the lung tissues were analyzed using oxidative stress parameters. The results of this study showed that caraway essential oils could modulate the oxidative stress parameters in this experimental acute inflammation; whereas, hydroalcoholic extract did not have any effects on these factors. γ-irradiation of caraway seeds at 10 and 25 kGy also had no effect on these properties of caraway extracts, so that essential oils but not hydroalcoholic extract derived from irradiated caraway seeds could amend oxidative parameters. The results of this study indicated that caraway essential oils could affect the consequences of acute lung injury and also preservation of caraway seeds by irradiation doesn't change its effects.
N. Moezzi; H. Najafzadeh Varzi; S. Shirali
Abstract
Decrease of collateral effect of wound repairing is one of the important objects of radiology and surgery studies. Identification of the effective, cheap and available drugs that have public grace is necessary. Whereas the Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) extract and Henna (Lowsonia intermis L.) ...
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Decrease of collateral effect of wound repairing is one of the important objects of radiology and surgery studies. Identification of the effective, cheap and available drugs that have public grace is necessary. Whereas the Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) extract and Henna (Lowsonia intermis L.) had anti-inflammatory effect in previous studies, so, in this study we compared their effect with silver sulfadiazine in wound healing. Female rats divided to four groups (four rats in each group). Rats anesthetized with standard combination of Ketamin-HCl and Acepromazine and incised with surgical blade on the mid dorsal line, then sutured with nylon suture. The wound was six centimeter length and five knobs with one centimeter distances applied. The wound length measured every day until complete recovery. Five hundred milligrams of oleaster extract, Henna paste and silver sulfadiazine ointment applied on wounds every day and one group didn't have any drugs as a control group. Average of repairing percent in first week in sulfadiazine and Oleaster groups were 90%, whereas this was 70% for henna group and 50% for control group. Complete wound healing in control groups; Henna, Oleaster and Sulfadiazine were observed in 13, 12, 10 and 8 days after surgery, consecutively. As a result, Olester extract can repair the wound same as silver sulfadiazine, whereas the Henna did not show the same effect in that definite time.
M. Roghani; T. Baluchnejadmojarad; M. Ramazani
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders which accompanies multiple metabolic abnormalities. On the other hand, Apium graveolens L. (AG) has been known to reduce lipid peroxidation and lower some serum lipids in an animal model of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the effect of chronic ...
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Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders which accompanies multiple metabolic abnormalities. On the other hand, Apium graveolens L. (AG) has been known to reduce lipid peroxidation and lower some serum lipids in an animal model of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the effect of chronic oral administration of this plant on serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL- and LDL-cholesterol level of diabetic rats was investigated. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 40)(270-320 g; 3.5-4.5 months old) were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, AG-treated control, diabetic, and AG-treated diabetic groups. The treatment groups received oral administration of plant-mixed pelleted food (6.25%, w/w) for 6 weeks. Serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- and HDL- cholesterol levels were determined before the study, and at the 3rd and 6th weeks after the study. There was a significant reduction (p<0.01) in weight of animals in AG-treated and untreated diabetic groups after 6 weeks as compared to control one and the existing difference between these two groups were not significant. In addition, serum glucose level in diabetic group increased 6 weeks after the experiment as compared to the data a week before the study (P<0.001) and AG treatment of diabetic rats only had a slight and non-significant effect. Furthermore, triglyceride level in diabetic group increased 6 weeks after the experiment in comparison with related data one week before the study (P<0.05) and there was a significant lower level of triglyceride in AG-treated diabetic rats (p<0.01). Furthermore, a similar significant reduction was obtained for AG-treated-diabetic group compared to diabetic group regarding serum cholesterol level (p<0.05). On the other hand, HDL- and LDL- cholesterol levels were significantly higher (p<0.05) and lower (p<0.01) in AG-treated diabetic group compared to untreated diabetic group, respectively. As a result, oral chronic administration of AG has no significant hypoglycemic effect but leads to appropriate changes in blood lipid profile.
M.K. Gharib Naseri; S. Handali; H. Hoseini
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 340-349
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. fruit (from Solanaceae) shows diuretic and laxative activities. The aim of present study was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract on rat ileum contractility. Leaf powder of Physalis alkekengi was extracted by maceration in 70% alcohol for 72 h. ...
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Physalis alkekengi L. fruit (from Solanaceae) shows diuretic and laxative activities. The aim of present study was to investigate the antispasmodic effect of hydroalcoholic leaf extract on rat ileum contractility. Leaf powder of Physalis alkekengi was extracted by maceration in 70% alcohol for 72 h. A terminal portion of male Wistar rat ileum was dissected and its contractions were recorded isotonically in an organ bath containing Tyrode solution (37 ºC, pH 7.4) under 1 g tension. The results showed cumulative concentrations of the extract (0.25-2 mg/ml) reduced the ileum contraction induced by KCl (60 mM) or by carbachol (10μM) dose-dependently (P<0.0001). The antispasmodic effect of extract at 1 mg/ml was attenuated (P<0.01) by incubation with propranolol (1μM, 30 min) but was not affected by tissue incubation with naloxone (1μM, 30 min) and L-NAME (100μM, 20 min). In Ca2+-free with high K+ (60mM) Tyrode solution, the extract (0.5-2mg/ml) reduced the ileum contractions induced by cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 dose-dependently (PPhysalis alkekengi leaf hydroalcoholic extract inhibited rat ileum contractions neither by involving opioid receptors nor by NO synthesis. It seems that partially β-adrenoceptors and mainly the calcium channels are involved in the spasmolytic effect of the extract.
H. Jaffari; N. Gheibi; E. Abbsai; S.R. Miri; M. Khalili; M. Shahidi; S. Yadegari; S.M. Nabavi
Abstract
Drug addiction is destructive misfortune and one of the most important problems in the world. Using the medical plants in medicinal history has valuable information and experiments in this field. According to the researches, Trachyspermum copticum L. (T.C) is effective in reducing of morphine’s ...
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Drug addiction is destructive misfortune and one of the most important problems in the world. Using the medical plants in medicinal history has valuable information and experiments in this field. According to the researches, Trachyspermum copticum L. (T.C) is effective in reducing of morphine’s withdrawal syndrome, so, in this study we investigate the effects of T.C microinjection on nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (PGi) on morphine’s withdrawal syndrome sings (MWSS). After preparing the T.C fruit from height of the mountain in Khuzestan, aqueous extract of different concentration (Diluted 10, 100, 1000 times) was prepared by soxhelet display. Thirty-two male rats (Sprague Dawley with average weigh 250-300gr) were divided to 4 groups, randomized which dependent by intraperitoneum (I.P) injection with morphine. After cumulating the PGI with using the set of steriotaxi, microinjection of different doses of T.C in PGI was done and naloxan (5mg/kg) was injected I.P to groups. Withdrawal syndrome signs (weight loss, jumping, climbing, and abdominal pain) were observed in 4 groups. Data evaluation and analysis was done by LSD and ANOVA. The results showed T.C was significantly effective in reduction of MNSS such as (jumping, climbing, abdominal pain) compared with control group. So, T.C is probably sensitive on specific receptors in PGI.
H. Jaffari; H. Jahani Hashemi; E. Abbasi; M. Shahidi; S.R. Miri
Abstract
Nowadays cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems for humankind. Statistically is the commonest cause of early onset death. On the other hand, the effectiveness of garlic has proved in different studies. In this study, we investigated the reducing effect of extract of garlic on ...
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Nowadays cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important problems for humankind. Statistically is the commonest cause of early onset death. On the other hand, the effectiveness of garlic has proved in different studies. In this study, we investigated the reducing effect of extract of garlic on positive chronotropism by adrenaline in isolated rat atrium. Rats were randomly divided to 7 groups which received adrenalin, extract of garlic (10, 20, 40mg/kg), propranolol, propranolol plus extract of garlic (40mg/kg) and control group. Atrial rate was obtained by physiographic set. The results showed that extract of garlic (40mg/kg) caused significantly reduction in rate of atrium but rate reduction with propranolol was more than one with propranolol plus extract of garlic.
M. Roghani; T.B. Mojarad; Z. Sohrabi; M. Sadeghi; B. Sabouri; R. Mohebi; N. Nahavandi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January 2004, , Pages 433-441
Abstract
There are few reports on antidiabetic effect of chard in traditional medicine. Therefore, its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect was investigated in an experimental model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 34) were divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, chard-treated ...
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There are few reports on antidiabetic effect of chard in traditional medicine. Therefore, its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect was investigated in an experimental model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. For this purpose, male Wistar rats (n = 34) were divided into 4 groups, i.e. control, chard-treated control, diabetic, and chard-treated diabetic groups. For induction of diabetes, streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/Kg; i.p.) was used at a single dose. A serum glucose level higher than 250 mg/dl was considered as diabetic state. The treatment groups received oral administration of chard-mixed pelleted food at a ratio of 1/15. Statistical analysis of the data showed that serum glucose level in diabetic group increases 2 and 4 weeks after the experiment as compared to data one week before the experiment (P<0.001), while this parameter was significantly lower 2 and 4 weeks after the experiment in chard-treated diabetic group as compared to untreated-diabetic group (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively). In addition, triglyceride level was higher in diabetic group and there was a significant reduction in this parameter in chard-treated diabetic group as compared to diabetic group in fourth week after the experiment (P<0.05). Meanwhile, cholesterol level showed a significant reduction in chard-treated diabtic group in comparison with untreated diabetic group. Taken together, the results of this study clearly showed that oral administration of chard could significantly reduce serum glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats. Therefore, this medicinal plant is strongly recommended for attenuation of some diabetic complications due to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
