نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
چکیده
شناسه دیجیتال (DOR):
98.1000/1735-0905.1400.37.13.105.1.1605.1610
این تحقیق بهمنظور بررسی پتانسیل کشت مخلوط افزایشی اسطوخودوس (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) و بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla L.) جهت بهبود کارایی مصرف نور به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی بردسیر، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان در سال زراعی 1397-1398 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کود در چهار سطح (1- شاهد، 2- NPK: 69، 46 و 25 کیلوگرم در هکتار، 3- کود گاوی: 20 تن در هکتار و 4- ترکیب NPK با کود گاوی به میزان نصف از هر کدام) و الگوی کاشت در سه سطح (1- کشت خالص اسطوخودوس، 2- کشت خالص بابونه و 3- کشت مخلوط افزایشی دو گیاه اسطوخودوس (گیاه اصلی) و بابونه (گیاه همراه)) بود. نتایج نشان داد که مجموع شاخص سطح برگ دو گیاه در کشت مخلوط به‌طور معنیداری بالاتر از کشت خالص هر دو گیاه بود. استفاده توأم کود گاوی + NPK بالاترین میزان ماده خشک اسطوخودوس (868 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد گل بابونه (366 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس بابونه (0.56%) و اسطوخودوس (0.80%) و تشعشع جذبی (1321 مگاژول در متر‌مربع) را در تمامی الگوهای کاشت دارا بود. اختلاف معنیداری بین الگوهای کشت از نظر درصد اسانس مشاهده نشد. به‌دلیل هم‌پوشانی کانوپی دو گیاه در الگوی کشت مخلوط، میزان تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده طی فصل رشد در تیمار کشت مخلوط بالاتر از کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. نسبت برابری زمین (LER) بر حسب تشعشع در تیمارهای کودی بین 1.33 تا 1.37 متغیر بود. بالاترین میزان کارایی مصرف نور (1.63 گرم ماده خشک بر مگاژول تشعشع) برای بابونه در کشت مخلوط در تیمار کود گاوی + NPK حاصل شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج تأیید نمود که استفاده از تیمار کود گاوی + NPK و کشت‌مخلوط دو گیاه میتواند راه‌کار مناسبی برای استفاده کاراتر از نور و بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی دو گیاه باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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