همکاری با انجمن علمی گیاهان دارویی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز،ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سدیم نیتروپروساید بر افزایش تحمل به خشکی در ماریتیغال (Silybium marianum (L.) Gaertn.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1393 انجام شد. در این آزمایش سدیم نیتروپروساید (SNP) در سه سطح صفر، 100 و 200 میکرومول در لیتر به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی، تنش خشکی در سه سطح شاهد و قطع آبیاری از مرحله ساقه‌روی و گرده‌افشانی تا پایان دوره رشد به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی و دو ژنوتیپ ماریتیغال (مجاری و ساری) به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. با افزایش شدت خشکی سرعت فتوسنتز برگ حدود 45% نسبت به شاهد در هر دو ژنوتیپ کاهش معنی‌داری نشان داد، در صورتی‌که با کاربرد 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید، فتوسنتز برگ تا حدود 80% و 100% به‌ترتیب در رقم مجاری و اکوتیپ ساری نسبت به عدم کاربرد آن در تنش ساقه‌روی افزایش معنی‌داری یافت. قطع آبیاری سبب کاهش معنی‌دار رنگریزه‌های فتوسنتزی در اکوتیپ ساری گردید، در صورتی‌که این کاهش در زمان تنش ساقه‌روی با کاربرد سدیم نیتروپروساید بهبود یافت. تنش خشکی در هر دو مرحله قطع آبیاری سبب کاهش عملکرد دانه در هر دو ژنوتیپ گردید، در حالی‌که با کاربرد خارجی 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید این کاهش به‌ویژه در اکوتیپ ساری جبران شد. همچنین قطع آبیاری عملکرد ماده مؤثره را کاهش داد ولی این کاهش به‌ویژه در مرحله تنش گرده‌افشانی با افزایش درصد سیلیمارین و عملکرد دانه تحت محلول‌پاشی با 100 میکرومولار SNP جبران گردید. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که غلظت 100 میکرومولار سدیم نیتروپروساید در محافظت از گیاه ماریتیغال با افزایش شدت خشکی و کشت این گیاه در سیستم‌های کمبود آب مؤثر می‌باشد.

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