T. Karimi Jalilehvandi; S. Maleki Farahani; A.R. Rezazadeh
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the seed flavonoid content, qualitative and germination characteristics of lady’s mantle (Lallemantia royleana Benth.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications ...
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In order to investigate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the seed flavonoid content, qualitative and germination characteristics of lady’s mantle (Lallemantia royleana Benth.), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2013-2014 crop year. Experimental factors included sowing date at two levels (autumn and spring) and chemical fertilizer at three levels (without fertilizer, half application of required fertilizer (23 kg ha-1 pure N+ 50.6 kg ha-1 P2O5) and full application of required fertilizer (46 kg ha-1 pure N+ 101.2 kg ha-1 P2O5). Flavonoid measurement of the seeds was performed weekly from flowering to seed ripening. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest seed germination percentage was obtained at autumn sowing (74.8%) with an increase of 11.6% compared to spring sowing and at the full application of required fertilizer (88.6%) with an increase of 73.4% compared to without fertilizer. The application of chemical fertilizer and autumn cultivation of lallemantia significantly increased the percentage of seed mucilage compared to control. Seven days after flowering, the highest flavonoid content was obtained at spring sowing (0.264 mg quercetin per g sample) with an increase of 63.97% compared to autumn sowing, and at no fertilizer treatment (0.282 mg quercetin per g sample) with an increase of 90.54% compared to the full application of required fertilizer (0.148 mg quercetin per g sample). Twenty-eight days after flowering, the highest flavonoid content was obtained at spring sowing (0.554 mg quercetin per g sample) and no fertilizer treatment (0.629 mg quercetin per g sample). In general, the results showed that the autumn sowing date and full application of required chemical fertilizer increased the seed quality in terms of mucilage percentage and germination, but the spring sowing date and no fertilizer treatment increased the flavonoid content of lallemantia seeds.
M. Tohidi; A. Vaziri; A.A. Hatamnia
Abstract
Some plants have negative effects on growth of the adjacent plants through excretion chemical Some plants have negative effects on the growth of adjacent plants through excretion chemical compounds known as allelopathy. In this study, the allelopathy effects of different parts of Heliotropium europaeum ...
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Some plants have negative effects on growth of the adjacent plants through excretion chemical Some plants have negative effects on the growth of adjacent plants through excretion chemical compounds known as allelopathy. In this study, the allelopathy effects of different parts of Heliotropium europaeum L. on seed germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sativus L. were investigated. The treatments included the extracts of root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit and distilled water (control) on seed germination of R. sativus. Also, 1% of stem powder, the whole plant as mulch and the whole plant mixed with soil were studied. To assess the allelopathic effects of different parts of H. europaeum, a number of growth parameters such as seed germination, stem length as well as dry and fresh weight were evaluated. The results indicated that all parts of the plant had a significant effect on germination of radish seeds, but their effects were different, so that the flower and stem extracts had the maximum inhibitory effect. The comparison of stem length, fresh and dry weight of R. sativus seedling in control and different treatments of H. europaeum showed that there was a significant difference between different treatments and control samples. Among different treatments, the inhibitor effects of stem extract was higher than other extracts. It was concluded that H. europaeum extract especially flower and stem extracts had a strong allelopathic effect and inhibited seed germination of R. sativus and could berecommended in production of natural herbicides.
M. Dejam; R. Ataollahi; S. Sadat Khaleghi
Abstract
Worldwide, large amounts of herbicides are used for weed control. Problems due to the use of these herbicides have forced researchers to find more suitable methods for management of weeds. Some plants including Eucalyptus species have allelopathic properties that could be used in production of natural ...
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Worldwide, large amounts of herbicides are used for weed control. Problems due to the use of these herbicides have forced researchers to find more suitable methods for management of weeds. Some plants including Eucalyptus species have allelopathic properties that could be used in production of natural herbicides for weeds management. This investigation was performed in order to use Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaf extracts to control Physalis alkekengi L. weed. The experiment included five types of solvent extracts consisting of aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, acetonic and benzene and different concentrations of extracts at five levels (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 gram per liter). Results showed that, in all solvent extracts, the inhibition level on germination and seedling growth increased by increasing the concentration of the extract. Among the extracts, methanolic and benzene extracts showed the highest allopathic effects, while aqueous and acetonic extracts showed the lowest one. According to the results, methanolic extract showed strong inhibitory effects on germination and seedling growth of P. alkekengi L. Therefore, it is possible to use methanolic extract at concentrations of 5 and 10 g/lit for controlling P. alkekengi L. Although benzene extract at high concentrations showed no strong inhibitory effect on germination, it was extremely effective in reduction of seedling growth that could be considered in management program of P. alkekengi L. control.
Sh. Rezvanypour; A. Hatamzadeh
Abstract
This experiment was done to investigate effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)essential oils on gladiolus. Gladiolus is one of the most important ornamental plants whose production is threatened by Fusarium corm rot. Essential oils of Thyme and Eucalyptus are ...
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This experiment was done to investigate effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.)essential oils on gladiolus. Gladiolus is one of the most important ornamental plants whose production is threatened by Fusarium corm rot. Essential oils of Thyme and Eucalyptus are recommended as alternative for chemical fungicides for corms disinfection, but there is not considerable investigation about potential effects of these essential oils on growth and flowering of gladiolus in the greenhouse or field conditions. For this purpose, gladiolus corms were soaked at three concentrations of essential oils of Thyme (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and Eucalyptus (2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm), and distilled water (control) for 14 hours before planting. The results showed that Thyme treatment at 1000 ppm increased the number of leaf and floret, root length, corm and cormlet production, and accelerated flowering. Other treatments delayed the sprouting and flowering time and significantly decreased sprouting percentage, height and number of leaves, root length, and chlorophyll content. Eucalyptus essential oil at concentrations more than 2000 ppm had negative effects ongladiolus, so that corm sprouting and flowering were inhibited at 6000 ppm and 4000 pp, respectively. Peroxidase enzyme activity increased after treatment with both essential oils but with a different trend. The activity of this enzyme in corms treated with thyme remained at a high level during the growth period; however, in corms treated with eucalyptus it was decreased significantly.
Gh. Marghaeizadeh; M.H. Gharineh; Gh. Fathi; A.R. Abdali; M. Farbod
Abstract
Seed priming includes very simple methods that could be effective in improving seed germination and establishment of seedling. Seed treatment with ultrasound waves and magnetic field are considered as biophysical and seed priming methods. The production and processing of this species in the world is ...
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Seed priming includes very simple methods that could be effective in improving seed germination and establishment of seedling. Seed treatment with ultrasound waves and magnetic field are considered as biophysical and seed priming methods. The production and processing of this species in the world is of outmost importance regarding the medicinal effects of Carum copticum (Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke), belonging to the Apiaceae family. This research was aimed to study the effects of ultrasound waves and magnetic field on germination of Ajowan in laboratory conditions at the University of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ramin in 2010. In addition, increasing the percentage of seed germination and velocity, and increasing the resistance of seedlings to the environmental stresses such as drought, cold, heat, as well as diseases and pests were investigated. The seeds were treated with an ultrasound of 22 kHz frequency in two times of two and five minutes (U2, U3) and a magnetic field intensity of 5000 gauss in three different times of 15, 30, 45 minutes (M2, M3&M4) at a temperature of 30°C. A factorial experiment in a complete randomized design with four replications was carried out. Results showed that seed germination and vigor increased in response to the magnetic field and ultrasonic wave treatments. According to the obtained results, a magnetic field for 30 minutes and in some cases 45 minutes with ultrasound waves for five minutes had the greatest impact on this species. Despite the high sensitivity to both plant diseases and pests, no trace of disease and pest was found in the field.
H.R Eisvand; A. Sharafi; A. Ismaeili
Abstract
Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. belongs to the family labiateae of which several species are growing in different regions of Iran. Germination is one of the important growth stages in plant life cycle that usually is affected and disturbed by unfavorable conditions. Drought stress is considered as an important ...
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Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad. belongs to the family labiateae of which several species are growing in different regions of Iran. Germination is one of the important growth stages in plant life cycle that usually is affected and disturbed by unfavorable conditions. Drought stress is considered as an important unfavorable factor for a main part of Iran. Seed priming is a technique to improve seed quality for stress conditions. The study was performed in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications and three factors. The first factor consisted of three levels of moisture stress (0, -4 and -8 bar), the second factor was osmopriming (0, -4 and -8 bar) and the third factor consisted of two levels of priming temperature (15 and 25 °C). PEG6000 was used to induce osmotic stress in priming and germination medium. Germination percentage and rate, seedling fresh and dry weights, seedling length and vigor index decreased by increasing drought stress, while the number of root increased up to -4 bars and then decreased. Hydro and osmopriming could improve the seed quality. Interaction effect of drought and osmotic potential of priming was significant for germination percentage and rate, seedling dry weight, number of root and vigor index. The seeds hydroprimed at 15°C had the highest germination percentage and rate, vigor index, seedling dry weight and number of roots under control (0 bar) and mid stress (-4 bar) conditions, while the highest germination rate and vigor index were recorded for the seeds primed at -4 bar and 15°C under severe drought condition (-8 bar). The longest roots were obtained at osmopriming at -8 bars and 25°C in control and drought conditions. All traits were affected by priming temperature, except the number of root, as most of the traits primed at 15°C showed a better condition.
M. Shafe; M.A. Behdani; M. Jami Al-Ahmadi
Abstract
Priming is one of the seed germination enhancement methods that mayresult in increasment and uniformity of germination and facilitates seedling establishment in field even in the stress conditions. In other to evaluate the osmopriming effects on improvement of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) germination, ...
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Priming is one of the seed germination enhancement methods that mayresult in increasment and uniformity of germination and facilitates seedling establishment in field even in the stress conditions. In other to evaluate the osmopriming effects on improvement of henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) germination, and to determine the best treatment for rapid seedling establishment, a factorial experiment based on RCD with three replications was performed at Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand. Osmotic solutions were prepared by using KNO3, NaCl and KH2PO4 at three osmotic potentials (-0.5, -1 and -1.5 MPa) and were applied on seeds for three priming periods (24, 48 and 72 hours). Results showed that priming periods and osmotic potentials did not affect germination percentage significantly, but their effects on other traits were significant at 0.01 probability level. Interaction effect of incubation time and osmotic potential was significant only on average germination time and root length at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively. In general, seeds priming for 72 hours with KNO3 and KH2PO4 at -1.5 MPa had the greatest effect on improvement of henbane germination parameters.
N. Omidpanah; A. Moradshahi; Z. Asrar
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae Rech. has been used as traditional medicine in southern part of Iran. Essential oils and extracts from different parts of the plant have allelopathic effects. Present study investigated allelopathic effects of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on germination percentage, pigment content ...
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Zhumeria majdae Rech. has been used as traditional medicine in southern part of Iran. Essential oils and extracts from different parts of the plant have allelopathic effects. Present study investigated allelopathic effects of Zhumeria majdae Rech. essential oil on germination percentage, pigment content (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and Guiacol Peroxidase) activities on two wheat cultivars, Azar2 and Sardari. Plants were grown in perlite and the 10- days treated plants were used for the measurements. Different concentrations of the essential oil were obtained by 2.5% Arabic Gum solution. Distilled water and 2.5% Arabic Gum solution were used as control. Results indicated that germination percentage, pigment content, and the two antioxidant enzymes activities of the species treated with Arabic Gum were equal to those of the species treated with distilled water. With increasing essential oil concentration, in both cultivars, the germination percentage and chlorophyll content decreased and the carotenoid content increased. In the presence of essential oil, catalase activity increased slightly in both cultivars. In conclusion, it could be stated that incremnet of pigment content and antioxidant enzymes activities reduce their harmful effects on growth and development of the species through lowering the Reactive Oxigen Species (ROS) concentration.
A.A Hossienpour Ggazviniy; M.A. Alizadeh; A.A. Jafari; A.R. Valadabadi
Abstract
In order to study the dormancy breaking ways and germination enhancment, seeds of 8 ecotypes of 4 species Satureja sahendica Bornm., S. bachtiarica Bunge, S. khuzistanica Jamzad and S. hortensis L. were collected on the base of geographycal distributions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomised ...
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In order to study the dormancy breaking ways and germination enhancment, seeds of 8 ecotypes of 4 species Satureja sahendica Bornm., S. bachtiarica Bunge, S. khuzistanica Jamzad and S. hortensis L. were collected on the base of geographycal distributions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomised design with three replications were used. The different treatments including: cold stratification, after-ripening, physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol 70%) and control were used for dormancy breaking. The treated seeds were sown in 3 petri dishes as replications. Then, all samples were placed in a germinator with condition of 20°C and light-to-dark cycle of 16 hours light (1000 lux) to 8 hours dark. The germination characteristics including: germination percentage, speed of germination, length of root and shoot, vigour index, fresh weight and dry weight were evaluated during 18 days of the experiment. There were significant differences amoung species for all seed germination characteristics. The ecotype of Khuzistan from S. khuzistanica had more seed germination and vigour compared to the other three species. The seed characteristics specially speed of germination and vigour index of ecotypes from cold zone were affected by cold treatment more than the other treatments.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; R. Farhoudi; M. Rastifar
Abstract
With regard to the importance of Melissa officinalis L. as a medicinal plant and abundance of saline soil and water in the country, the current research was conducted to study the effect of osmopriming on seed germination of Melissa officinalis under salinity stress in two separate experiments. The aim ...
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With regard to the importance of Melissa officinalis L. as a medicinal plant and abundance of saline soil and water in the country, the current research was conducted to study the effect of osmopriming on seed germination of Melissa officinalis under salinity stress in two separate experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to determine the best osmopriming conditions for seeds of Melissa officinalis carried out in a completely randomized design. The treatments were combination of osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with four levels (-4, -8, -12 and -16 bar), duration of priming with three levels (3, 5 and 7 day) and temperature of priming with two levels (25 and 30/20oC). The results showed significant differences among osmopriming treatments with regard to the germination percentage, germination velocity and radicle length. Mean comparisons showed that osmotic potential treatment of -16 bars in 5 days and 25oC significantly increased the germination percentage and germination velocity compared with other treatments. The aim of the second experiment was to study the effect of osmopriming on seed germination of Melissa officinalis under salinity stress based upon a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments were water salinity (control, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and type of seeds (control and primed seeds). The results indicated that primed seeds in all salinity levels had higher germination percentage, germination velocity and radicle length compared to non-primed seeds. According to the results, the interaction effect of salinity and seed treatments was significant with regard to the germination percentage, germination velocity and radicle length.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; R. Farhoudi; M. Rabiee; M. Rasifar
Abstract
Nowadays, in response to the consequences of herbicide application and gradual reduction of farm crops, suitable biological methods have been identified to control the weeds. This research was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of harmel (Peganum Harmala L.) on seed germination of oat (Avena ...
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Nowadays, in response to the consequences of herbicide application and gradual reduction of farm crops, suitable biological methods have been identified to control the weeds. This research was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of harmel (Peganum Harmala L.) on seed germination of oat (Avena fatua L.), fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) and pig weed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions using hydroalcoholic extracts of harmel dried fruit powder. The treatments were 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5 and 5% extract of harmel and distilled water (control). Laboratory results indicated that germination percentage and radicle and plumule lengths of weed species were significantly reduced by different harmel extracts in comparison with control. According to the results of greenhouse experiments, germination percentage, fresh and dry weight and height of weed species were significantly reduced by using hydroalcoholic extracts. Greenhouse results also showed that seed germination percentage of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Avena fatua at concentration of 1% was reduced 60%, 50% and 40% respectively in comparison with control. Our results showed that harmel extract had strong allelopathic effects and inhibited seed germination of weeds recommended in production of natural herbicides.
A. Farzaneh; M.T. Ebadi; S.H. Nemati; H. Arouiee
Abstract
In order to investigate the germination factors of two improved cultivars and one Iranian landrace of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) under salt stress conditions a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted at experimental laboratory ...
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In order to investigate the germination factors of two improved cultivars and one Iranian landrace of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) under salt stress conditions a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors in three replications was conducted at experimental laboratory of department of horticulture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during 2009. The main factor included two improved cultivars of cornflower (Ball blue and Ball junge) and one Iranian landrace and second factor included seven salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 milli molar NaCl). Measured characteristics were germination percentage, germination velocity, vigor index, radicle and plumule length. According to the results of ANOVA, different levels of salt stress had significant effects on all measured characteristics while the effect of cultivar type was only significant on germination percentage, germination velocity and vigor index. The interaction between salinity and cultivar type had significant effect on all measured characteristics. The results showed that with increase in salinity level, all measured characteristics were significantly decreased. The most germination percentage and germination velocity (51.04 percent and 11.82 seed/day respectively) were obtained from Ball blue in control treatment and the lowest (9.32 percent and 0.5 seed/day respectively) was obtained from Iranian landrace and Ball junge cultivar in 300 mili molar NaCl. Decrease of plumule length was more than that of radicle length under salinity stress. In this study, improved cultivars of cornflower and Iranian landrace showed different responses to salt stress due to the diversity in their genotypes. Generally, Ball blue was identified as the most salt tolerance cultivar in germination stage.
A. Dadkhah
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in germinator in order to study the effects of water potential on seed germination, germination rate and seedlings growth of four medicinal plants as Trigonella foeaum-graecum L., Sesamum indicum L., Cannabis sativa L. and Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke. Four water potential ...
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This experiment was conducted in germinator in order to study the effects of water potential on seed germination, germination rate and seedlings growth of four medicinal plants as Trigonella foeaum-graecum L., Sesamum indicum L., Cannabis sativa L. and Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke. Four water potential were used including distilled water as control (0), -0.37, -0.59 and -0.81 Mpa which has been made by different salts (NaCl, CaCl2 and NaCl+CaCl2 in 5 to 1 molar ratio). The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with six replications. Results of variance analysis showed that effects of water potential, type of salt composition on germination percentage, rate of germination, root and shoot length were significant. With decreasing water potential, germination rate and percentage decreased. Of cource plants had different responses such as Sesamum indicum was not affected by decreasing water potential where as other significantly were decreased. The effect of salt composition was significant on rate and percentage of germination. The percentage of germination at lower water potential which was made by NaCl+CaCl2 significantly was higher than the same water potential made by only NaCl and CaCl2.
A. Ghani; M. Azizi; A. Tehranifar
Abstract
Achillea (Yarrow) is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family and different species grow wild in different parts of Iran. These species have ornamental and medicinal potential for use in drought area. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of drought stress induce by Poly Ethylene ...
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Achillea (Yarrow) is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family and different species grow wild in different parts of Iran. These species have ornamental and medicinal potential for use in drought area. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of drought stress induce by Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG) on germination percentage and rate of Achillea species. An experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors in three replications was conducted. The first factor included 5 drought level (0, -5, -7, -9 and -20 bar that zero bar as control) and second factor included 6 species of Achillea (A. eriophora, A. millefolium, A. filipendula, A. nobilis, A. wilhelmsii and A. biebersteinii). The seed were collected from Shiraz, Mashhad and Karaj area. According to the results of statistical analysis, different levels of drought stress and type of species had significant effect (p<0.01) on measured characteristics (germination percentage, germination rate and radicle length). In this species radicle length affected by drought stress less than other traits and germination percentage was the best trait for drought stress evaluation. Finally, A. millefolium and A. eriophora have the highest drought tolerance and the lowest drought tolerance belongs to A. biebesteinii and A. nobilis. The A. wilhelmsii and A. filipendula have relative drought tolerance in germination stage.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; M. Salimi; R. Farhoudi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 463-471
Abstract
The allelopathic effects of rue (Ruta graveolens L.) were evaluated on seed germination of velvet flower (Amaranthus retroflexus), flixweed (Descurainia Sophia) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in laboratory using the aqueous extracts of dried powdered of rue leaves. The treatments were 0.5, 1, 2.5, ...
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The allelopathic effects of rue (Ruta graveolens L.) were evaluated on seed germination of velvet flower (Amaranthus retroflexus), flixweed (Descurainia Sophia) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in laboratory using the aqueous extracts of dried powdered of rue leaves. The treatments were 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% extract of Ruta graveolens and distilled water (control). According to the results, extracts significantly inhibited seed germination of weed species and the degree of inhibition increased with increasing concentration of extracts. Germination of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds was inhibited at concentrations greater than 5%. In addition, radicle and plumule lengths of Amaranthus retroflexus were significantly reduced at 1% compared to the distilled water. Results indicated germination percentage, germination rate and radicle and plumule lengths of Portulaca oleracea were significantly reduced by the extracts compared to the distilled water. Results confirmgermination of Descurainia sophia seeds was inhibited at concentrations greater than 2.5%. Accordingly germination rate and radicle lengths of Descurainia sophia were significantly reduced by the extracts compared to the distilled water. Therefore, extract of rue might be useful as natural herbicides and might also contain numerous growth inhibitors that could be used for the development of biological herbicides.
A.B. Barzgar
Volume 24, Issue 4 , February 2009, , Pages 499-505
Abstract
Hyssop, as one of the most important medicinal plants, is a perennial and woody plant which belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is used for treatment of respiratory system diseases like cough, pertussis, bronchitis and asthma. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) essence has antibacterial and antifungal properties ...
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Hyssop, as one of the most important medicinal plants, is a perennial and woody plant which belongs to Lamiaceae family. It is used for treatment of respiratory system diseases like cough, pertussis, bronchitis and asthma. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) essence has antibacterial and antifungal properties and has different applications in hygiene, cosmetic and food industries. In order to determine the effects of salinity and drought stress on stimulation of germination on Hyssop, separate experiments in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications were conducted. Treatment included 4 levels of salinity and 4 levels of drought induced to seedling by NaCl and Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 respectively. Germination characters included rate and percentage and length of radicles were measured. Salinity caused a significant (P<1%) reduction in rate of germination and length of radicles but not in percentage of germination. Results indicated that rate of germination increased up to –3 bars and then decreased. Although percentage of germination was not affected by inducing salinity, the most of this character was on –6 bar level. Our results showed that rate and percentage of germination and length of radicles were significantly different on drought levels. In general, results of this study indicated that salinity stress induced between –3 and –6 bar could stimulate germination and optimize seedling establishment.
I. Khammari; Sh.A. Sarani; M. Dahmardeh
Volume 23, Issue 3 , November 2007, , Pages 331-339
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cynara scolymus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at germination stage. Salinity levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM were applied using a completely randomized design ...
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This study was conducted to evaluate salt tolerance in Cyamopsis psoraloides, Cynara scolymus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at germination stage. Salinity levels, including 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM were applied using a completely randomized design with three replications. Germination percentage and rate were measured in the Petri dishes and root and shoot lengths were recorded at seeding stage. There was no germination for Hibiscus sabdariffa, Cassia angustifolia, Ocimum basilicum and Hyssopus officinalis at 200 mM NaCl. However, Cyamopsis psoraloides and Cynarascolymus showed seed germination at 200 mM NaCl. Higher salt tolerance potential in some species makes cultivation possible or other stress tolerant medicinal plants under saline environments.
M. Makkizadeh Tafti; R. Tavakol Afshari; N. Majnoon Hosseini; H.A. Naghdi Badi; A. Mehdizadeh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 216-222
Abstract
In this experiment, the effect of osmopriming on germination percentage and mean time for germination (MTG) of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds was studied. This study had been conducted at Agronomy Department of Tehran University-Karaj during 2004 in four replications in factorial experiment on ...
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In this experiment, the effect of osmopriming on germination percentage and mean time for germination (MTG) of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds was studied. This study had been conducted at Agronomy Department of Tehran University-Karaj during 2004 in four replications in factorial experiment on the base of randomized complete design. The treatments were osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with four levels (Control, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and priming duration with three levels (24, 48 and 72 h). The results indicated that osmotic potential of PEG had significant effect on germination percentage and mean time for germination. According to the results, the highest percentage was in -8 bar concentration. Also priming duration didn’t affect the percentage of germination and mean time for germination. The results indicated that the interaction of osmotic potential and duration was not significant.
M. Makkizadeh; R. Farhoudi; H. Naghdi badi; A. Mehdizadeh
Abstract
This study has been conducted to overcoming seed dormancy of Rubia tinctourum L., Echinacea angustifolia D.C. and Myrtus communis L.. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Rubia tinctourum included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with sandpaper, imbibitions in hot water at 70°C ...
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This study has been conducted to overcoming seed dormancy of Rubia tinctourum L., Echinacea angustifolia D.C. and Myrtus communis L.. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Rubia tinctourum included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with sandpaper, imbibitions in hot water at 70°C and 90°C for 5 and 10 minutes, chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid for 10, 15 or 20 minutes, pre-chilling (4°C) for 2, 4 or 6 weeks, soaking in gibberellic acid (500ppm) and continuous light. Treatments to break seed dormancy in Echinacea angustifolia included: untreated seed (control), soaking in gibberellic acid (250 and 500 ppm), continuous light, Potassium Nitrate (0/3%), pre-chilling (4°C) for 4, 7 or 10 weeks, continuous light and combined treatment (soaking in gibberellic acid (250ppm) and pre-chilling for 4 week). Treatments to break seed dormancy in Myrtus communis included: untreated seed (control), mechanical scarification with blade and sandpaper, chemical scarification with concentrated sulfuric acid for 3 minutes, pre-chilling (4°C) for 7 or 10 weeks and soaking in gibberellic acid (250 and 500ppm). According to results in R. tinctourum, sulfuric acid for 15 minutes was significantly efficient in promoting germination. From the above one can infer that dormancy of the seeds of R. tinctourum was probably associated with the seeds coat, since the treatment that induce germination were those that can effect disruption of the seed coat. This experiment also showed that combined treatment significantly increased E. angustifolia seed germination. As stratification and GA3 had main role on breaking of seed dormancy so it is known that dormancy is physiological and it is related to embryo and inhibitor factor or both of them. Results indicated that germination of M. communis seeds mechanically scratched with blade significantly increased. So, reason of seed dormancy is hard coated seeds. The seed coat is as one physical barrier against growth of embryo or radicle that inhibits in absorption of water and gas-exchanges. Therefore, type of dormancy is initial dormancy (induced dormancy).
A.H. Hajebi; M.A. Soltanipoor
Abstract
Zhumeria majdae is one of the important medicinal species of Hormozgan province. It is used as a traditional medical plant. In this investigation, the effects of habitat and pre-treatments on seed germination of Zhumeria majdae were studied. Seeds of species were collected from two main habitats and ...
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Zhumeria majdae is one of the important medicinal species of Hormozgan province. It is used as a traditional medical plant. In this investigation, the effects of habitat and pre-treatments on seed germination of Zhumeria majdae were studied. Seeds of species were collected from two main habitats and tested for pre-treatments as scarification, sulfuric acid (for 15 and 30 minutes) and warm water. Seeds were sown in Petri dishes for 14 days. This experiment was carried out in factorial based on 4 replications. According to the results, applying sulfuric acid for 15 minutes as pre-treatment on seeds that were collected from Sarchahan had higher values of seed germination percentage and germination rate. Vigor index of the seed samples that were collected from Sarchahan was higher than those were collected from Geno.
M. Pouresmail; M. Sharifi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 183-193
Abstract
Bunium persicum is an umbellifer with dormant seeds that is not cultivated in Iran. Since, the seeds of Bunium persicum have pharmacotical effects, termination of dormancy in these seeds is important. The study of phenology of Bunium persicum showed that the seeds germinated in spiring and required exposure ...
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Bunium persicum is an umbellifer with dormant seeds that is not cultivated in Iran. Since, the seeds of Bunium persicum have pharmacotical effects, termination of dormancy in these seeds is important. The study of phenology of Bunium persicum showed that the seeds germinated in spiring and required exposure to cold temperature before germination. Also ,previous studies showed that some concentration of plant growth regulators overcome seed dormancy in this plant . In this research ,effect of cold stratification with or whitout above plant growth regulators in dormancy breaking of these seeds was investigated. In this work effect of stratification on dormancy breaking and induction of germination and combined effect(s) of hormonal treatments and stratification on breakage of seed dormancy were determined . To identify effect of stratification on seed dormancy ,the seeds stored for 0,1, 2 ,3 , 4, 6 , 8 or 10 weeks at 4°C in refrigerator and then transfer to favorable conditions for germination,and to study of combination effects of hormonal treatments and stratification , the seeds that exposed to 4°C for 4 weeks were subjected to kinetin, or benzyladenine(0 or 10 –5 mM ). Results showed that stratification is require for dormancy breaking in Bunium persicum seeds and increasing the duration of stratification increased germination . Also, combining stratification and benzyladenine promoted germination .
A. Rahmanpour; F. Nassage
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 129-153
Abstract
In Iran National Botanical Garden, ripe seeds of 5 Fragrant and Medicinal plants (Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schuman, Catalpa speciosa Warder, Cupressus sempervirens L. var. fastigiata, Melia azedarach L., Thuja orientalis L.) were collected in periods. They were put under pretreatment for consideration ...
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In Iran National Botanical Garden, ripe seeds of 5 Fragrant and Medicinal plants (Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) Schuman, Catalpa speciosa Warder, Cupressus sempervirens L. var. fastigiata, Melia azedarach L., Thuja orientalis L.) were collected in periods. They were put under pretreatment for consideration of suitable germination methods of seeds as follows. 1- Phisical motive; soaking the seeds for 1 to 24 hours, making a hole on the top of the seeds, scratching the cortex of the seeds. 2- Chemical motive: sodium hypochloride, potassium nitrate, diluted and concentarated sulphoric acid. As a result the best method for germination of seeds were determined. This consideration shows the best times for collecting of seeds and the best pretreatment and treatment with high percentages in germination of seeds as well. The best pretreatment and treatment for Campsis grandiflora are: Washing in sodium hypochlorice and distilled water, 20:30C temprature, 16h. light and 8h. darkness for 2 weaks, For Catalpa speciosa are: washing in sodium hypochloride and distilled water, 20:30C temprature, 16h. light and 8h. darkness for 1 to 2 weaks, For Cupressus sempervirens var. fastigiata are: soaking in water for 24h., 5 minutes in potasium nitrate and washing in distilled water,chilling (1-5C ) for 8 to 12 weaks, For Melia azedarach are: soaking in water for 24h., scratching the cortex of seeds, 10 minutes in diluted sulphoric acid and washing in distilled water,planting in sand and , 20:30 C temprature for 1 weak, For Thuja orientalis are: soaking in water for 24h., washing in diluted sodium hypochloride and distilled water, 20 C temperature, 16h. light and 8h. darkness for 21 days.
