N. Raesee; S.M.A. Vakili; G. Sarhady; F. Torkynegad
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of manure, iron and zinc fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Jiroft during 2012-2013. The study was performed as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of manure, iron and zinc fertilizers on yield, yield components and essential oil percentage of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) in Jiroft during 2012-2013. The study was performed as factorial in a randomized complete blocks design with three factors and 18 treatments in three replications. Manure at two levels of zero and 150 ton ha-1, zinc sulfate at three levels of 0, 25, and 40 kg ha-1and iron fertilizer at three levels of 0, 2.5, and 5 kgha-1 were applied. In this study, plant responses consisted of yield, shoot dry weight, plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of umbels, and 1000-seed weight. Results showed that manure, iron and zinc fertilizers at different levels affected shoot dry weight, yield, number of seeds per plant, number of umbels, plant height, 1000-seed weight, and essential oil percentage significantly at 1% level of significance. In addition, the interaction effects of manure and iron and zinc fertilizers were significant on shoot dry weight, yield, number of seeds per plant, and 1000-seed weight. According to the obtained results, a combined treatment of manure (15 ton ha-1), zinc sulfate (25 kg ha-1) and iron fertilizer (5kg ha-1) could be recommended to enhance the yield and yield components of cumin in Jiroft.
M. Layeghhaghighi; M. Hassanpour Asil; B. Abbaszadeh
Abstract
This research was conductedon Rosa damascena Mill. in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Alborz research station during 2012-2013. Treatments included nano chelated iron fertilizer at six levels: (0 (control), two times foliar spray (8g/plant), three times foliar spray ...
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This research was conductedon Rosa damascena Mill. in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Alborz research station during 2012-2013. Treatments included nano chelated iron fertilizer at six levels: (0 (control), two times foliar spray (8g/plant), three times foliar spray (12g/plant), one time soil application (8g/plant), one time soil application (12 g/plant). The first foliar spray was done at blossoming stage. The second and third applications were 10 and 20 days after blossoming. Soil application was at blossoming stage accompanied by irrigation. The essential oil of samples was extracted by Clevenger and water distillation method for three hours. GC and GC/MS were used to determine the percentage and essential oil compounds of fresh flowers. According to the results of variance analysis, significant differences were found for the essential oil percentage, citronellol, icosane, octadecanol, Henicosane, Tricosane, Tetrosane, geraniol, and Tridane (p<0.01). Mean comparison of treatments indicated that the essential oil percentage of fresh flowers by three-times foliar spray (0.071%) was more than that of one time foliar spray (0.061%) and one time soil application (12 g/plant) (0.051%) and other treatments. The highest Citronellol was obtained in one-time foliar spray (1.17%) and the lowest in control treatment (0.36%). In addition, the highest tricosane (33.77%) was obtained from the use of 12g chelated iron in soil. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between essential oil percentage of fresh flower and essential oil stability at refrigerator as well as dried flower at shadow. A significant negative correlation was also found between citronellol and ecosane. Results indicated that fertilizers could affect the percentage and compounds of essential oil in Rosa damascene.
Sh. Ahmadi; M. Mirza; F. Askari
Abstract
N. elymatica Bornm. is one of the endemic species in the genus Nepeta in Iran. This genus has important aromatic species. So far, 79 species have been reported from Iran, of which 39 species are endemic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of N. elymatica ...
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N. elymatica Bornm. is one of the endemic species in the genus Nepeta in Iran. This genus has important aromatic species. So far, 79 species have been reported from Iran, of which 39 species are endemic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil of N. elymatica Bornm. The flowering branches of this species were collected in July from Oshterankuh, Kamandan region of Azna. After drying at room temperature, the flowering branches of the plant were subjected to hydro-distillation. The oil yield was calculated and the oil composition was identified by GC and GC/MS analysis and retention index. Results showed that the yield oil of this species was 0.95% w/w and 27 components were identified, among which 1,8-cineole (20.6%), 4a-a,7-a,7a-a-nepetalactone (17.5%), E-caryophyllene (15%) and linalool (5.8%), were the main compounds.
M. Babalar; S. Mohtashami; S.M. Ebrahimzadeh Musavi; M.H. Mirjalili
Abstract
In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design ...
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In this research, in order to study the effect of different packaging on essential oil content, antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonol content, microbial load and color characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica L., an experiment in a randomized complete design (RCD) with nine treatments and three replications was carried out. The packaging treatments were P1: control (without definite packaging), P2: polyethylene packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions P3: Polyethylene-polyamide package with ambient gas combination exposed in light conditions, P4: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with ambient gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P5: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in light conditions, P6: polyethylene-polyamide packaging with 5% O2 and 95% N2 gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P7: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in light conditions, P8: polyethylene-polyamide packaging and vacuum gas combination exposed in dark conditions, P9: dried material before of packaging. All packages were stored at room temperature for three months. Results showed that packaging treatments had significant effects on some factors. The maximum essential oil content (0.73 and 0.72%, respectively v/w) was related to pre-packaged sample and P8 treatments and minimum essential oil content belonged to control, P2 and P5 treatments (0.28, 0.37 and 0.39%, respectively). Maximum antioxidant activity was obtained in pre-packaged, P1 and P5 treatments while P2 and P4 treatments showed minimum antioxidant activity. The highest (188.8) and the lowest (72/8) content of phenolic compounds (mg Quercitin/g DW) were measured in P9 and P2 treatments respectively. The maximum (78.6) and the minimum (14.1) content of flavonoids (mg Quercitin/g DW) were detected in P9 and P7 treatments, respectively. Fungal colony in P9 treatment (4× 103 Cfu) was higher than other packaging methods while the quantity of this contamination was not significantly different among other packaging treatments.
B. Moien Vaziri; Gh. Khajoei-Nejad; M. Sarcheshmehpour
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, ...
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The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, Cuminum cyminum and Coriandrum sativum), and according to the results, the superior isolate (isolate of Coriandrum sativum 3), which had the highest percentage of colonization, was selected for mass production of inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi. Then, the main experiment was performed on Cuminum cyminum in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design.Treatments including control and different levels of fertilization at two levels without inoculation and inoculation with mycorrhiza were accomplished in greenhouse with four replications. The results of data analysis indicated that the traits related to the shoot (stem height and diameter, fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of flowers per plant), root traits (root volume and length), and the percentage of colonization were significantly (at 1% probability) affected by the combined use of mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizer, leading to improved vegetative properties and yield components in Cuminum cyminum. Combined consumption of mycorrhiza and fertilizer except micro elements (T5) in all traits was the best treatment. No significant difference was observed between fertilizer treatments and control treatment; however, with the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, the difference was significant among the traits studied.
M. Borzuee; M. Dejam; M.B. Zahedi
Abstract
Lemonverbena(Lippia citriodora (Palau) Kunth) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Propagation of lemon verbena is commonly performed using stem cutting. In order to study the effects of cutting time (autumn, winter and spring), cutting position (apical, medial and basal) and different ...
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Lemonverbena(Lippia citriodora (Palau) Kunth) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Propagation of lemon verbena is commonly performed using stem cutting. In order to study the effects of cutting time (autumn, winter and spring), cutting position (apical, medial and basal) and different concentrations of indole butyric acid (ABA) (0, 2000 and 4000 ppm) on rooting of stem cuttings of lemon verbena, a factorial experiment based on a three-replicated completely randomized design was performed in a greenhouse in Kavar (Fars province) in 2016-2017. According to the results, the autumn taken cuttings showed better rooting compared with both winter and spring taken cuttings. Regardless of auxin application and cutting time, the highest rooting percentage, root number, root dry weight and shoot length were observed in the basal cuttings of larger diameters. The medial cuttings showed higher rooting percentage than apical ones. The rooting-related characteristics including rooting percentage, root number, and dry weight improved as the concentration of IBA increased up to 2000 ppm. While at the highest concentration of IBA (4000 ppm), most rooting-related characteristics showed no significant increase in comparison to 2000 ppm, the length of the newly emerged shoots on cuttings decreased.
E. Afshari; Gh. Ranjbar; S.K. Kazemitabar; M. Riasat; H. Kazemi Poshtmasari
Abstract
In order to study callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) an experiment was conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2008. In the current experiment, different explants including stem segments, embryos, ...
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In order to study callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) an experiment was conducted in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University during 2008. In the current experiment, different explants including stem segments, embryos, hypocotyls, etc. were cultured on two basal culture media viz. B5 and MS. Moreover, 2, 4-D, Kin, NAA, BAP and IBA were used as plant growth regulators. Result showed that the medium containing 2mgl-1 2, 4-D in combination with 0.5mgl-1Kinetin was the best treatment for callus induction in both MS and B5 media. Combination of 0.5mgl-1 NAA and 2.5mgl-1 BAP was the best treatment for somatic embryogenesis in both basal media. Also, combination of 1.5mgl-1 BAP and 0.5mgl-1 NAA was the best hormonal treatment to shoot regeneration in both basal media. According to the results, the treatment containing 1 mgl-1 IBA was optimum for root induction from regenerated shoots on MS medium.
H. Naghdi Badi; A. Haghiry; M. Makkizadeh; M. Ahvazi; K. Baghalian
Abstract
The introduction of new species is one method of agricultural development in each region. In this order, seeds of exotic medicinal species were imported from foreign research centers and a research program has been conducted in the field of Medicinal Plants Institute- ACECR in karaj-Iran along 1999-2004. ...
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The introduction of new species is one method of agricultural development in each region. In this order, seeds of exotic medicinal species were imported from foreign research centers and a research program has been conducted in the field of Medicinal Plants Institute- ACECR in karaj-Iran along 1999-2004. The possibility of production was evaluated via study of their phonological stages f cultivated plants. Of course, selection of species was on the base of parameters such as medicinal properties and their active constituents, which sited in scientific references. The seeds of plants which need to indirect cultivation were planted in greenhouse at February and then seedlings transplanted to field in spring. The other seeds were planted directly in spring at the field. The results showed that 33 exotic species had good performance in direct of their growth & development characters which can be indicated to production potential of these species at karaj ecological conditions. In this study, it is determined that some of medicinal species which are valuable in herbal medicine have high performance for studied conditions such as Echinacea purpurea, Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Saponaria officinalis, Valeriana officinalis, Tanacetum parthenium, Chrisanthemum cinerarifolium and so on.
Z. Noroozi; M. Moslehisahd; M.H. Salehi Surmaghi
Abstract
Rosa foetida Herrm. is one of the native Rosa species in Iran known as Iranian yellow rose. The main growth area of this plant in Iran is the western parts especially Kurdistan. It is used for kidney disorders treatment and as a source of vitamin C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ...
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Rosa foetida Herrm. is one of the native Rosa species in Iran known as Iranian yellow rose. The main growth area of this plant in Iran is the western parts especially Kurdistan. It is used for kidney disorders treatment and as a source of vitamin C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of free radical scavenging, determination of phenolic compounds, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of yellow rose flowers. The antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of extracts of yellow rose were determined using ABTS free radical scavenging assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively. Dilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed a significant positive correlation between free radical scavenging percentage and the concentration of the extracts (P<0.05). In the range of 0.39-12.50 mg ml-1 concentrations, the aqueous extract had more antioxidant activity than ethanolic extract (P<0.05). The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was calculated to be 217.069 and 223.116 μmol, respectively. The results of total phenolic compounds test in extracts showed a positive and significant relationship between the concentration of the extracts and their phenolic compounds content, and the aqueous extract contained more phenolic compounds as compared with the ethanolic extract (P<0.05). The highest antimicrobial effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica, respectively (P<0.05). Due to the favorable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of this plant, its use as a natural additive in the food industry is recommended.
Phytochemistry (extraction, identification and measurement of active components)
V. Abdossi; B. Tavakoli; A. Mehrafarin; H.A. Naghdibadi
Abstract
To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Echinophora platyloba DC. under the influence of different drying methods, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications in 2019. The experimental treatments included fresh plant, ...
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To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Echinophora platyloba DC. under the influence of different drying methods, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and three replications in 2019. The experimental treatments included fresh plant, drying the plant in the shade and sun, drying the plant with an oven at three temperatures of 45, 55, and 65 °C, drying the plant with a vacuum oven at three temperatures of 45, 55, and 65 °C, and drying the plant with a microwave at three powers of 200, 400, and 600 W. The aerial parts of the plant was collected from the heights of Tuyserkan city in Hamedan province in June and was affected by the different drying methods. The essential oil was extracted by Clevenger apparatus and then its components were identified by GC-MS. The findings of this study showed that the different methods of plant drying had a significant effect on the percentage and all the components of essential oil. The microwave drying method at 400 W, despite not being suitable for preserving the secondary metabolites of the plant, caused the highest essential oil content. The shade-drying method, despite the long drying time, was the most suitable method for preserving the essential oil composition in E. platyloba. The essential oil percentage in this study ranged from 0.06% to 0.39% and the main essential oil constituents included trans-β-ocimene (34.16-57.52%), α-phellandrene (8.87-16.52%), cis-ocimene (1.69-4.57%), b-phellandrene (2.08-9.24%), p < /em>-cymene (1.53-5.05%), β-pinene (0.73-1.94%), a-pinene (1.83-5.15%), veloutone (0.39-3.78%), trans-carveol (0.38-1.92%), linalool (0.72-3.57%), and germacrene-D (1.67-4.91%).
M. Modaresi; M. Messripoor; M. Asadi Morghmaleki; M.K. Hamadanian
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 237-243
Abstract
It is desirable to use of point out to herbal components to avoid undesirable effects of chemical drugs. Saffron is used widespread as food colorant, flavor and reputes in folk medicine as a drug. Recent studies have revealed that components of saffron may have a number of physiological effects on different ...
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It is desirable to use of point out to herbal components to avoid undesirable effects of chemical drugs. Saffron is used widespread as food colorant, flavor and reputes in folk medicine as a drug. Recent studies have revealed that components of saffron may have a number of physiological effects on different organs of body. The aim of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of saffron on the histological properties of testis in mice. Four groups, including eight adult male Balb/C mice weighing 305g were used in this study. Saffron extract in doses of 25, 50 and 100 were injected intraperitoneally for 20 days to the experimental groups. Control group received normal saline as placebo. Histological properties as seminiferous tubules scattering, testis weight and the number of primary spermatocytes, were compared with the placebo controlled group. The number of primary spermatocytes increased significantly compared to with placebo but no significant differences were observed in histological properties and testis weight between experimental groups and placebo controlled group. The results of this study indicate that saffron extract can modify the reproduction activities in male mice.
A. Hassani
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 256-261
Abstract
Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) is an annual herb plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Moldavian balm is considered stomachic and sedative. Essential oil of this plant are used in pharmaceutical and food industries and possesses antimicrobial feature. To study the effects of different levels ...
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Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica) is an annual herb plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Moldavian balm is considered stomachic and sedative. Essential oil of this plant are used in pharmaceutical and food industries and possesses antimicrobial feature. To study the effects of different levels of water stress on growth, yield and essential oil content of Moldavian balm, a pot experiment in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications was conducted. Water stress treatments were: 100% of field capacity (non-stress), 85% of field capacity (mild water stress), 70% of field capacity (moderate water stress) and 55% of field capacity (severe water stress). According to the results of statistical analysis, water stress had significant effect on growth parameters, herb yield and essential oil yield. As the soil water content decreased, plant height, stem diameter, number and length of auxiliary shoots, fresh and dry herb yield in pot and essential oil yield decreased. There was no significant difference between water stress treatments for essential oil content. The highest amounts of essential oil content (0.35 ml/100gr dry weight) and essential oil yield (0.115 ml/pot) were observed in 70% and 100% of field capacity, respectively.
A. Ghani; M. Azizi; A. Tehranifar
Abstract
Achillea (Yarrow) is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family and different species grow wild in different parts of Iran. These species have ornamental and medicinal potential for use in drought area. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of drought stress induce by Poly Ethylene ...
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Achillea (Yarrow) is one of the most important genera of the Asteraceae family and different species grow wild in different parts of Iran. These species have ornamental and medicinal potential for use in drought area. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of drought stress induce by Poly Ethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG) on germination percentage and rate of Achillea species. An experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors in three replications was conducted. The first factor included 5 drought level (0, -5, -7, -9 and -20 bar that zero bar as control) and second factor included 6 species of Achillea (A. eriophora, A. millefolium, A. filipendula, A. nobilis, A. wilhelmsii and A. biebersteinii). The seed were collected from Shiraz, Mashhad and Karaj area. According to the results of statistical analysis, different levels of drought stress and type of species had significant effect (p<0.01) on measured characteristics (germination percentage, germination rate and radicle length). In this species radicle length affected by drought stress less than other traits and germination percentage was the best trait for drought stress evaluation. Finally, A. millefolium and A. eriophora have the highest drought tolerance and the lowest drought tolerance belongs to A. biebesteinii and A. nobilis. The A. wilhelmsii and A. filipendula have relative drought tolerance in germination stage.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; A. Najafi Ashtiany
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 262-268
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important plants in Khorasan provience and exported to the whole world. It is used in food for color and flavour and also in medicine. In this study effects of storage condition of Crocus sativus L. for determining crocin were under investigation in Khorasan ...
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Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important plants in Khorasan provience and exported to the whole world. It is used in food for color and flavour and also in medicine. In this study effects of storage condition of Crocus sativus L. for determining crocin were under investigation in Khorasan Provience. Samples were collected on November 2003. We kept samples for 20 months in three different conditions as light, darkness and refrigerator on zero degree. On November 2005 samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which crocin percentage content in light were 0.032%, dark 0.038% and refrigerator 0.028%. According to the results the best condition to kept stigmata is darkness.
M.J. Seghatoleslami; Kh. Ahmadi Bonakdar
Abstract
In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared ...
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In order to understand the effects of sowing dates and plant density on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum gracum L.), an experiment was conducted at Torbat-e-Jam region in 2005. Four sowing dates (28 February, 19 March, 9 April and 29 April) and four plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants/m2) were compared in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with 4 replications. Sowing date had significant effects on seed yield and its components. The earliest and the latest sowing dates had the greatest and the lowest seed yield, respectively (88.34 and 22.3 g/m2). Also, these treatments had the greatest and the lowest 1000 seed weight (12.0 and 9.9 g) and pod number per plant (25.8 and 6.8). Harvest index was the lowest in the latest sowing date (29 April), because flowering and seed formation happened contemporary with high temperature. In addition, delay in sowing time reduced plant height, significantly. Plant density had significant effect on seed yield. Seed yield was the highest at 40 plants/m2. There was no significant interaction on different characters.
A. Avakh; K. Rezaei; J. Vand Yusefi
Abstract
Most plant compounds have very low level of antimicrobial activity than antibiotics especially against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC=100-1000µg/ml). Recently, scientists believe that the bacterial efflux pumps are responsible for this problem.These transmembrane proteins (efflux pumps) are capable ...
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Most plant compounds have very low level of antimicrobial activity than antibiotics especially against Gram-negative bacteria (MIC=100-1000µg/ml). Recently, scientists believe that the bacterial efflux pumps are responsible for this problem.These transmembrane proteins (efflux pumps) are capable of recognizing and expelling a variety of structually unrelated antimicrobial agents including plant compounds from the bacterial cell and subsequenly conferring resistance to these compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the main reason(s) of low level antimicrobial activity of plant-based alkaloids; noscapine, caffein and vincamine, against representative highly resistant Gram negative bactria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Most alkaloids are the part of plant phytoalexins which their levels increase strongly in response to microbial invasion, this means that most alkaloids are plant antimicrobial agents but noscapine, caffein and vincamine did not actually show any antimicrobial activity in a direct susceptibility tests in vitro. Intrinsic antimicrobial activity (intraction between alkaloids and PAβN (inhibitor of Gram negative bacteria)) or efflux pump inhibitory properties (synergy between alkaloids and levofloxacin (substrate of the efflux pumps in (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) of noscapine, affeine and vincamine were assessed by a checkerboard titration assay. Results showed that caffeine and vincamine were intrinsically the plant antimicrobial compounds.With disrupting the function of MexAB-OprM in nalB highly resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by PAβN, antimicrobial activities of caffeine and vincamine were increased by 17-and 8-fold, respectively. Therefore, it could be said that bacterial efflux pumps are a major factor in the weakening of antimicrobial activity of plant compounds. It appears that inhibition of these pumps may significantly improve the clinical performance of these natural compounds and thereby hoped that plant antimicrobials similar to systemic antibiotics will find its way to the field of clinical treatment in future.
H. Mousavi; N. Mahdi Nezhad; B. Fakheri; M. Majdi; F. Heidari
Abstract
To investigate the effects of nano-chelate spraying of Iron, chemical -synthesis and green-synthesis silver nanoparticles on the expression of two genes, germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes which are involved in the parthenolide biosynthesis pathway of Tanacetum parthenium ...
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To investigate the effects of nano-chelate spraying of Iron, chemical -synthesis and green-synthesis silver nanoparticles on the expression of two genes, germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes which are involved in the parthenolide biosynthesis pathway of Tanacetum parthenium L., a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted with three replications. The experiment took place in the greenhouse of Zabol University in Iran. At first, the total RNA from samples of leaves, and then the synthesis of cDNA were extracted. Afterward, Real Time PCR analysis was used to determine gene expression patterns. Parthenolide concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis of the data was conducted by SAS software, and there was a significant increase in the expressions of both germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes of treated plants with green-synthesis silver nanoparticles in compare with the control plants, and some plants which were treated by chemical- synthesis silver nanoparticles and nano-chelate of Iron. Furthermore, the maximum expressions of both germacrene A synthase (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes were identified in groups of plants which were under the influence of drought stress, or were treated by green-synthesis silver nanoparticles. A positive relation was seen between the expressions of germacrene A synthase genes (TpGAS) and parthenolide synthase (TpPTS) genes with the amount of parthenolide itself. It can be concluded that green-synthesis silver nanoparticles and water deficit stress can cause an increase on the expressions of parthenolide and germacrene A synthase genes, and as result of that, cause an increase on parthenolide production of Tanacetum parthenium.
M. Omidi; B. Behjat Sasan; M.R. Naghavi; S. Kalate Jari; A.R. Etminan
Abstract
Taxus baccata L. is an endangered forest tree species. Taxol is recognized as a highly effective anticancer drug. It is mainly extracted from the bark and needles of taxus. A factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design to find the best combination of media, explants ...
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Taxus baccata L. is an endangered forest tree species. Taxol is recognized as a highly effective anticancer drug. It is mainly extracted from the bark and needles of taxus. A factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design to find the best combination of media, explants and plant regulators for callus induction in order to produce biomass taxol. In this research three factors were used as follows: MS medium and 4-modified MS media, which differ in salts and nitrogen construction and glutamine, two plant regulators (NAA, 2, 4-D and Kin), and two explants (stem and leaf). Following two months of callus, the tissue was transferred to ½ MS supplemented with 0.4 mg/l 2, 4-D+ 3mg/l Kin. The maximum percentage of callus induction (96.97%) was obtained from stem segments on ½ MS (475 mg/l KNO3, 412.5 mg/l NH4NO3) medium in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing 2,4-D (1mg/l) + Kin (1mg/l). The best response (80.67 mm2) was observed from leaf on ½ MS in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing NAA (2mg/l)+ Kin (0.2 mg/l) for callus size. Stem callus showed meristematic cells. According to the results, glutamine showed significant effects on callus induction and growth. The effect of low concentrations of growth regulators on callus induction and callus size was also more than that of high concentrations of growth regulators.
M. Kashiri; Y. Maghsoudlou; M. Khomeiri
Abstract
Antimicrobial active packaging is a novel technology that controls the growth of microorganisms in perishable food products with releasing of active components. In this work, the chemical composition of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (ZEO) was analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the essential ...
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Antimicrobial active packaging is a novel technology that controls the growth of microorganisms in perishable food products with releasing of active components. In this work, the chemical composition of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (ZEO) was analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of the essential were carvacrol (37.22%), thymol (28.44). Active bio composite of zein films, containing 10% essential oils of thyme, were developed. Kinetics release of the active compound is strongly related to food models. The kinetics and extent of carvacrol and thymol mass transport within the packaging components were evaluated by using high performance liquid chromatography from bioactive films zein into simulants (10% ethanol and 3% acetic acid) at 4°C and 37°C. The antibacterial activity of active zein films was evaluated. The results of this studied indicated that the release of the active compound was strongly related to food models. The extent of releasing of carvacrol and thymol after 60 min at 4°C in acid simulant (11.93±1.34 and 1.40±0.06ppm, respectively) was more than that of ethanol simulant (7.60±0.22 and 0.98±0.02ppm, respectively). SEM observations confirmed the influence of food simulants on structure of zein, related to releasing of active components of essential oil into food simulants. The releasing rate of carvacrol and thymol increased with increasing the temperature to 37°C. Active zein film containing 10% ZEO was more stable in ethanol simulant at 4°C. The log reduction value of zein bioactive composite film against Listeria innocua andEscherichia coli were calculated to be 2.75 and 3.07, respectively.
B. Shabani; R. Rezaei; H. Charehgani; A. Salehi
Abstract
Wheat bacterial blight disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringe pv. syringae (Pss) is one of the important diseases of wheat in the world. The expanding the diseases resistance to chemical compounds has led to the researches into the new antimicrobial agents finding. Studies have shown ...
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Wheat bacterial blight disease caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringe pv. syringae (Pss) is one of the important diseases of wheat in the world. The expanding the diseases resistance to chemical compounds has led to the researches into the new antimicrobial agents finding. Studies have shown that plant essential oils induce biological activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and can be used as an environment friendly and safe way to control the disease. These compounds have the least harm to the ecosystem and can be used as an alternative to toxic compounds for controlling plant diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensis, against Pss on wheat cultivars Pishtaz, Sirvan and Chamran under greenhouse conditions. In this study, all essential oil treatments significantly reduced the severity of wheat bacterial blight, especially on Pishtaz cultivar, and the percentage of necrotic area on the leaf 30 days after bacterial inoculation. The highest reduction in the severity of the disease was obtained by Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensi essential oils. The findings of the present study suggest that essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis, Mentha spicata and Thymus daenensis are capable to be used as antimicrobial agents.
M. Mirza; M. Najafpour Navaei
Abstract
The genus of Heracleum is from Umbelliferae with 10 species growing in Iran of which, four species including H. gorganicum Rech. F. are endemic. The aim of the current study was to determine the quantity and quality of fruit essential oil of the mentioned species collected from Golestan national park ...
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The genus of Heracleum is from Umbelliferae with 10 species growing in Iran of which, four species including H. gorganicum Rech. F. are endemic. The aim of the current study was to determine the quantity and quality of fruit essential oil of the mentioned species collected from Golestan national park at altitudes of 1400, 1700 and 2000 m. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillstion and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-one components were characterized for the seed oil. Main components of all essential oils were recorded for octyl acetate (33.1%, 36.6% and 39.9%), Hexyl butyrate 22.5%, 25.6%, 29.8% and Hexyl 2-methyl butyrate 5.4%, 6.3% and 7.1% respectively at altitudes of 1400, 1700 and 2000 m. It is noteworthy to state that no reports have been published yet on essential oil of the studied species.
M. Dahmardeh; R. Taji; I. Khammari; T. Hadadi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of iron and silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological traits of borage (Borago officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 at the University of Zabol. The ...
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In order to investigate the effects of iron and silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological traits of borage (Borago officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 at the University of Zabol. The identification of synthesized nanoparticles was performed using FT-IR infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The treatments included iron and silver nanoparticles with four levels (control, 40, 60, 80 ppm), sprayed together and separately in two stages. The results indicated that spraying iron and silver nanoparticles had significantly different effects on soluble carbohydrates, mucilage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, leaf and branch number, inflorescence height, flower number, and dry flower weight. Iron and silver nanoparticles (80ppm) had the highest effect on the traits measured. In all traits measured, iron nanoparticles were more effective than silver nanoparticles except chlorophyll b. Simultaneous use of iron and silver nanoparticles showed different effects on all traits, so that the highest significant difference was recorded for iron and silver nanoparticles at 80ppm.
J. Aslani; A. Hajizadeh Moghaddam; Z. Fallah Mohammadi; A.H. Ismaili; R. Mohammadi
Abstract
The flowers of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. have antioxidant and protective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neuroprotection with hydro-alcoholic extract of Eriobotrya japonica flowerson CDNF, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in the rat ...
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The flowers of Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. have antioxidant and protective effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neuroprotection with hydro-alcoholic extract of Eriobotrya japonica flowerson CDNF, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in the rat cerebral cortex in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. In this study, animals were randomly divided into three groups of nine each (control, damaged and damaged treated with plant extract). At first, the second and third groups of rats received the solvent of extract (saline) and the extract (200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally for twelve weeks and three days per week, respectively. For Parkinson's disease in rats, 6-OHDA was injected into the right ventricle of the brain after 12 weeks. After five days, rats were sacrificed and CDNF, SOD and MDA levels in their cortex were measured. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test. Our results showed that pre-treatment with the flower extract of Eriobotrya japonica, increased CDNF and SOD and decreased MDA levels of cerebral cortex. These effects may be caused by phenolic and flavonoid compounds of this plant with strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, it could be concluded that this plant extract has protective role against Parkinson's disease because of protecting neurons against oxidative damage of toxic 6-OHDA.
A. alemzadeh gorji; Gh. Heshmati; E. Zandi Esfahan; J. Motamedi
Abstract
Identification and cultivation of new oilseeds is an important step in supplying the oil needed in the country. Regarding the vastness of saline areas in the country, the cultivation and exploitation of salinity-resistant plants under saline conditions of both water and soil can be an appropriate option ...
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Identification and cultivation of new oilseeds is an important step in supplying the oil needed in the country. Regarding the vastness of saline areas in the country, the cultivation and exploitation of salinity-resistant plants under saline conditions of both water and soil can be an appropriate option in the field of production and extraction of oils from salinity-resistant plants. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of extractable oil and the compounds of fatty acids in two halophyte species Salicornia europaeae and Halocnemum strobilaceum on the shores of Lake Urmia. For this purpose, the seeds of the species were collected in autumn of 2016. Fatty acids were extracted by solvent. The solvent-oil mixture was separated by rotary vacuum distiller, and after methyl ester preparation and injection into the gas chromatography (GC), fatty acids were analyzed. To identify the fatty acids, a standard mixture of fatty acids (Sigma Co.) and their inhibition times were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using independent t-test. The mean oil yields of two species of S. europaeae and H. strobilaceum was obtained 18.58 and 9.28%, respectively. In total, 12 fatty acids including lauric acid (C12: 0), merisitic acid (C14: 0), myristoleic acid (C14: 1n5), palmitic acid (C16: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16: 1n7), stearic acid (C18: 0), oleic acid (C18: 1n9), linoleic acid (C18: 2n6cis), α-linolenic acid (C18: 3n3), g-linoleic acid (C18: 3n6), and arachidic acid (C20: 0) were recorded in the profiles of these two species. Linoleic acid was the most major unsaturated fatty acid in S. europaeae and H. strobilaceum, at 56 and 54.7%, respectively. Palmitic acid was also predominant saturated fatty acid in S. europaeae and H. strobilaceum, at 11.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that according to the oil yield (18.58%) and percentage of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids identified, S. europaeae seeds could be evaluated as a source of edible oil.
H. Morovvati; H. Najafzadeh; R. Avizeh; N. Khadivi Kashani
Volume 24, Issue 3 , November 2008, , Pages 363-373
Abstract
Drug-induced ototoxicity is one of the important factors for less auditory in dogs. Aminoglycosides including gentamicin can produce ototoxicity in dogs. The oxidative stress can be related to it. Silymarin, in the seed extract of Silybum marianum, is a potent antioxidant. In present study, the effect ...
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Drug-induced ototoxicity is one of the important factors for less auditory in dogs. Aminoglycosides including gentamicin can produce ototoxicity in dogs. The oxidative stress can be related to it. Silymarin, in the seed extract of Silybum marianum, is a potent antioxidant. In present study, the effect of silymarin and vitamin E was compared on gentamaicin-induced ototoxicity. The study was done on dogs in 5 groups: group1 was kept as control and received saline. Gentamicin was prescribed in other groups once for 9 days. Vitamin E and silymarin were given in group 3 and 4, respectively. In group 5, vitamin E and silymarin were co-administrated. After 9 days, the dogs were euthanized and ear samples were collected. One ear of dogs was colored by silver nitrate and another was decalcified by decalcificative solution. The decalcified samples were routinely sectioned and colored by Hematoxillin- Eosine (H&E) and studied by light microscope. Hair cells were not determined by silver nitrate. Organ of coarti body, tectorial membrane, limbus spiral, spiral ganglion, interdental cells, supporting cells and type I and II of hair cells were identified in samples and colored by H&E. These histological compartments were determined in control and silymarin groups. They were not observed in other groups, because gentamicin strongly destroyed cells. Thus, silymarin decreases gentamicin-induced changes in inner ear probably by its antioxidative property.
