Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 M.Sc. student, Department of Medicine plant, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of iron and silver nanoparticles on morphological and physiological traits of borage (Borago officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016 at the University of Zabol. The identification of synthesized nanoparticles was performed using FT-IR infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The treatments included iron and silver nanoparticles with four levels (control, 40, 60, 80 ppm), sprayed together and separately in two stages. The results indicated that spraying iron and silver nanoparticles had significantly different effects on soluble carbohydrates, mucilage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, leaf and branch number, inflorescence height, flower number, and dry flower weight. Iron and silver nanoparticles (80ppm) had the highest effect on the traits measured. In all traits measured, iron nanoparticles were more effective than silver nanoparticles except chlorophyll b. Simultaneous use of iron and silver nanoparticles showed different effects on all traits, so that the highest significant difference was recorded for iron and silver nanoparticles at 80ppm.
Keywords
- Akbarian, M.M., Heidari Sharifabad, H., Noormohammadi, G. and Darvish Kojouri, F., 2012. The effect of potassium, zinc and iron foliar application on the production of saffron (Crocus sativa). Annals of Biological Research, 3(12):
5651-5658.
5651-5658.
- Ali Nejad, D. and Goli, H., 2005. Nano Composites and Their Applications. Illustrated Language Publishing, 120p.
- Alizadeh, A., 2006. Water, Soil and Plant Relationship (translation). Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, 473p.
- Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23: 112-121.
- Ashori, A., Anvari-pour, B., Motevassel, M. and Jafarzadeh, N., 2014. Green synthesis of iron nano particles using green tea extract and determination of its specifications. Third National Conference on Health, Environment and Sustainable Development, Islamic Azad Univesity, Bandarabas, 19-20 February: 8.
- Babu, K., Deepa, M.A., Shankar, S.G. and Rai, S., 2008. Effect of nano-silver on cell division and mitotic chromosomes: a prefatory siren. The Internet Journal of Nanotechnology, 2(2): 1-7.
- Chen, L.S., Smith, B.R. and Cheng, L., 2004. CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic enzymes and carbohydrates of ‘Concord Grap leaves in response to iron supply. American Society for Horticulture Science, 129(5): 738-744.
- Clifford, S.C., Arndt, S.K., Popp, M. and Jones, H.G., 2002. Mucilage and polysaccharides in Ziziphus speice (Rhamnaceae); localization, composition and physiological roles during drought stress. Journal Experimental Botany, 53(336), 131-138.
- Davazdah Emami, S. and Majnon Hosseni, N., 2008. Farming and the Production of Some Herbs and Medicines. Tehran University Press, Tehran, 300p.
- Ehsanpour, A.A. and Nejati, Z., 2013. Effect of nano silver on chlorophyll, gibberellin acid content and electrophoresis pattern of proteins of potato (Solanum tubersum L.) under in vitro culture. Journal of Applied Biology, 2: 13-25.
- Fathi, A.R. and Zahdi, M., 2014. The Effects of zinc and iron oxide nano-particles on the growth and ion content of two corn cultivars in different soil salinity. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(1): 110-117.
- Hecl, J. and Sustrikova, A., 2006. Determination of heavy metals in chamomile flower drug-an assurance of quality control. Program and Absrtact Book of the 1st International Symposium on Chamomile Research, Development and Production, 7-10 June: 69.
- Hoag, E.G., Collins, B.J., Holcom, L.J., Hoag, R.J., Nadagoud, N.M. and Varma, S.R., 2009. Degradation of bromothymol blue by ‘greener’ nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols. Journal of Materials Chemistry-Royal Society of Chemistry, 19(45): 71-86.
- Hokmabadi, H., Haidarinezad, A., Barfeie, R., Nazaran, M., Ashtian, M. and Abotalebi, A., 2006. Effects on photosynthesis activity, chlorophyll a new iron chelate introduction and their content and nutrients uptake of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). 27th International Horticultural congress and Exhibition, Seoul, Korea, 13-19 August.
- Joseph, T. and Marrison, M., 2006. Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food. A Nanoforum Report, Institute of Nanotechnology, May 2006:14. Available at: www.nanoforum.org.
- Kafi, M., Lahoti, M., Zand, A., Sharifi, H.R. and Goldani, M., 2008. Plant Physiology (Vol. 1). Mashhad University Press (Translation), 456p.
- Kalayasundram, N.K., Pateb, P.B. and Dalat, K.C., 1982. Nitrogen need of Plantago ovata in reaction to the available nitrogen in soil. Indian journal of Agricultural Science, 52: 240-242.
- Lin J., Weng, X., Dharmarajan, R. and Chen Z., 2017. Characterization and reactivity of iron based nanoparticles synthesized by tea extracts under various atmospheres. Chemosphere, 169: 413-417.
- Lu, W., Shen, Y., Xie, A. and Zhang, W., 2010. Green synthesis and characterization of superparamagnetic FeR3ROR4R nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 322(13): 1828-1833.
- Malakooti, M.J., Keshavarz, P. and Karimiyan, N., 2008. Comprehensive Method of Diagnosing and Recommending Optimal Fertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture. Research Center for Tarbiat Modarres University, 718p.
- Maleki Farahani, S. and Aghighi Shahverdi, M., 2015. Evaluation the effect of nono-iron fertilizer in compare to iron chelate fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative yield of saffron. Agricultural crop Management, 17(1): 155-168.
- Mazaherinia, M., Astaraei, A.R., Fotovat, A. and Monshi, A., 2010. Effect of nano iron oxide particles on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu concentrations in weath plant. World Applied Science Journal, 7(1): 156-162.
- Mohamadipoor, R., Sedaghathoor, S. and Mahboub-Khomami, A., 2013. Effect of application of iron fertilizers in two methods 'foliar and soil application' on growth characteristics of Spathyphyllum illusion. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 232-240.
- Musante, C. and White, J.C., 2010. Toxicity of silver and copper to Cucurbit apepo: differential effects of nano and bulk-size particles. Environmental Toxicology, 27(9): 510-517.
- Nazran, M.H., Khalaj, H., Labafi Hossen Abadi, M.R., Shams Abadi, M. and Rezazi, A., 2009. Effect of spray time on fertilizer nano fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat. Abstract of the Articles of the Second National Conference on the Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture. Conference Hall of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, 7-8 October.
- Omidbaigi, R., 2010. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants (Vol. 4). Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi Publishing House, 423p.
- Pandey, A.C., Sanjay, S.S. and Yadav, R.S., 2010. Application of ZnO nanoparticlesin influencing the growth rate of Cicer arietinum. Journal of Experience Nanoscience, 5: 488-497.
- Pestana, M., De Varennes, A., Goss, M.J., Abadía, J. and Faria, E.A., 2004. Floral analysis as a tool to diagnose iron chlorosis in orange trees. Plant and Soil, 259: 287-295.
- Peyvandi, M., Parande, H. and Mirza, M., 2011. Comparison of nano fe chelate with fe chelate effect on growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity of Ocimum basilicum. New Cellular & Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 4(1): 89-99.
- Rezaei, R., Hosseini, M., Shabanali Fami, H. and Safa, L., 2009. Identification and analysis of the barriers of nanotechnology development in the Iranian agricultural sector from the viewpoint of the researchers. Journal of Science & Technology Policy, 2(1): 17-26.
- Said-Al Ahl, H.A.H. and Mahmoud, A.A., 2010. Effect of zinc and or iron foliar application and growth and essential oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under salt stress. Ozean Journal of Applied Science, 3(1): 97-111.
- Seifsahandi, M. and Sorooshzadeh, A., 2013. Comparison between the influences of silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate on the growth and phytochemical properties of borage (Borago officinalis L.). Current Nanoscience Journal, 9:
241-247.
241-247.
- Sepehri, A. and Vaziriamjad, Z., 2015. The effect of iron and zinc nano fertilizers on quantitative yield of chicory (Cichorium inyubus L.) in different crop densities. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(2): 62-74.
- Shankar, S.S., Rai, A., Ahmad, A. and Sastry, M., 2004. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 275: 496-502.
- Solgi, M., Kafi, M., Taghavi, T.S. and Naderi, R., 2009. Essential oils and silver nanoparticles (SNP) as novel agents to extend vase-life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesoni cv. Dune) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 3(35): 155-158.
- Sun, Q., Cai, X., Li, J., Zheng, M., Chen, Z. and Yu, C.P., 2014. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using tea leaf extract and evaluation of their stability and antibacterial activity. Colloids and Surfaces A, 444: 226-231.
- Torabian, S. and Zahedi, M., 2013. Effects of foliar application of common and nano-sized of iron sulphate on the growth of sunflower cultivars under salinity. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 44(1): 109-118.
- Zhu, H., Han, J., Lutz, L., Xiao, Q.J. and Jin, Y., 2008. Uptake, translocation, and accumulation of manufactured iron oxide nanoparticles by pumpkin plants. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 10: 713-717.
)