Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Horticultural, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract
Taxus baccata L. is an endangered forest tree species. Taxol is recognized as a highly effective anticancer drug. It is mainly extracted from the bark and needles of taxus. A factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design to find the best combination of media, explants and plant regulators for callus induction in order to produce biomass taxol. In this research three factors were used as follows: MS medium and 4-modified MS media, which differ in salts and nitrogen construction and glutamine, two plant regulators (NAA, 2, 4-D and Kin), and two explants (stem and leaf). Following two months of callus, the tissue was transferred to ½ MS supplemented with 0.4 mg/l 2, 4-D+ 3mg/l Kin. The maximum percentage of callus induction (96.97%) was obtained from stem segments on ½ MS (475 mg/l KNO3, 412.5 mg/l NH4NO3) medium in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing 2,4-D (1mg/l) + Kin (1mg/l). The best response (80.67 mm2) was observed from leaf on ½ MS in combination with glutamine (100 mg/l) and containing NAA (2mg/l)+ Kin (0.2 mg/l) for callus size. Stem callus showed meristematic cells. According to the results, glutamine showed significant effects on callus induction and growth. The effect of low concentrations of growth regulators on callus induction and callus size was also more than that of high concentrations of growth regulators.
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