F. Askari; F. Sefidkon
Volume 8, Issue 1 , July 2001, , Pages 27-43
Abstract
The genus of Syringa presents 25-30 species in Asia and south-east of Europe are cultivated for their showy flowers in spring and early summer. The common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) from south-east of Europe is a very popular species with more than 500 cultivar, many of them have sweel smell. The fragrant ...
Read More
The genus of Syringa presents 25-30 species in Asia and south-east of Europe are cultivated for their showy flowers in spring and early summer. The common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) from south-east of Europe is a very popular species with more than 500 cultivar, many of them have sweel smell. The fragrant floewers of S. vulgaris were collected from National Botanical Garden of Iran in the spring, then extracted with hexan. After remowing the plant waxes, absolute injected to GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified constituting 86%(w/w) of the total absolute, the major components are: B-asarone (27%), B-asarone (27%), Phytol(9.5%), a-farnesene (6.8%), carvone (4.4%), P-dimethoxy benzen (3.1%), neryl acetate (2.9%).
M.R. Akhgar; M. Moradalizadeh
Abstract
The genus Nepeta (Labiatae) with the common Persian name of “Pune-sa” includes 67 species in Iran and Nepeta schiraziana Boiss. is one of its endemic species. In this study, the stems, flowers and leaves of Nepeta schiraziana were collected from Sepidan region in north-west of Fars Province. ...
Read More
The genus Nepeta (Labiatae) with the common Persian name of “Pune-sa” includes 67 species in Iran and Nepeta schiraziana Boiss. is one of its endemic species. In this study, the stems, flowers and leaves of Nepeta schiraziana were collected from Sepidan region in north-west of Fars Province. The essential oils of stems, flowers and leaves of the plant were separately obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In each oils of the stem and flower, fourteen components were identified with 1,8-cineole (45.6% and 39.4%), germacrene D (17.4% and 15.8%), and β-caryophyllene (11.7% and 10.6%) as the main constituents, respectively. Furthermore, 1,8-cineole (38.5%), β-caryophyllene (14.2%), and caryophyllene oxide (11.7%) were the major components among the 18 constituents characterized in the leaf oil. As a result, 1,8-cineole was the dominant compound in the investigated oils while nepetalactone isomers reported in many Nepeta species, were not identified in Nepeta schiraziana.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , February 1999, , Pages 28-37
Abstract
Bunium persicum ,from umbelliferae family , which is distributed in many parts of North-eastern & some central provinces of Ian. There is many application for seed of this plant in food industry and also as a carminative and antiseptic agent.
As part of a screening programme on the aromatic plants ...
Read More
Bunium persicum ,from umbelliferae family , which is distributed in many parts of North-eastern & some central provinces of Ian. There is many application for seed of this plant in food industry and also as a carminative and antiseptic agent.
As part of a screening programme on the aromatic plants of Iran, we are going to report the chemical composition of the essential oil from this plant which is named locally "Zireh Kerman".
N. Kabiri; S. Asgary; H. Madani; P. Mahzoni; P. Rahimi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 29-38
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress increase serum total cholesterol and LDL-C cholesterol levels resulting in increased risk for development of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals thus could be other important measures to benefit individuals ...
Read More
Hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress increase serum total cholesterol and LDL-C cholesterol levels resulting in increased risk for development of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals thus could be other important measures to benefit individuals with the increased cardiovascular disease risk factors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. andAmaranthus caudatus L. on the development of atherosclerosis in male hyperlipidemic rabbits. Twenty adult male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of five and were fed for 60 days as follows: basic diet, high cholesterol, high cholesterol along withcombination Hypericum perforatumandAmaranthus caudatus(HA) extract (75mg/kg) and high cholesterol along with Lovastatin (10mg/kg). Blood samples were taken at the beginning, one month later and at the end of the study in order to measure their serum factors (cholesterol, LDL-C-C, HDL-C-C, TG). The fatty streak formation evaluated at the end of the study. The results showed that both the extract and lovastatin reduced significantly the levels of cholesterol, LDL-C-C, triglyceride and HDL-C-C) increased in comparison with high cholesterol group. Fatty streak formation in extract recipient group significantly decreasedin comparison with high cholesterol group with lovastatin. The result showed that HA significantly decreased TG, cholesterol and fatty streak formation in comparison with high cholesterol group and lovastatin. These findings suggest HA extract is more effective in decreasing the level of cardiovascular risk factors than Lovastatin in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
M. Hamidi; Sh. Rahimi; N. Mojghani
Abstract
In this study, the effect of probiotics, extract powder of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were investigated on blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and performance of broilers. Three hundred and thirty six broiler chicks (Ross 308) were housed in ...
Read More
In this study, the effect of probiotics, extract powder of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were investigated on blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and performance of broilers. Three hundred and thirty six broiler chicks (Ross 308) were housed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 14 birds in each experimental unit and reared on litter for 42 days. The treatments consisted of 1) basal diet + probiotic Hyprozyme, 2) basal diet + Bactocell, 3) basal diet + Prophyt (extract powder thyme + Hyprozyme + licorice), 4) basal diet + Phytobiotic (extract powder thyme + licorice), 5) control and 6) basal diet + antibiotic. The experimental diets were fed from day one until end of the experiment (day 42). Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference (P≤0.05) of FCR in probiotic Hyprozyme group ratio compared to the control group. Feed consumption was lowest (P≤0.05) in treatment 1 compared to others. The treatments had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. The relative weight of bursa Fabricius in antibiotic supplemented group was significantly different with treatment 3 (P≤0.05). Statistical analysis of the results showed significant difference (P≤0.05) of serum cholesterol in Bactocell group compared to control group. Addition of Haprozym to basal diet significantly increased (P≤0.05) the total protein and triglyceride levels compared to control group. Serum globulin was statistically higher (P≤0.05) in treatments 1, 3 and 4 compared to control group. The highest antibody titer against SRBC was observed in Bactocell group compared to control group (P≤0.05). Overall, it can be stated that the use of resources such as hypro-zyme (732gr/ton) and phytobiotic can be introduced as antibiotic alternatives in poultry production.
F. Sefidkon
Volume 6, Issue 1 , September 2000, , Pages 29-47
Abstract
The essential oil isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/ MS. Among the 38 compounds identified, the major components were 1,8-cineole + Limonene (40.13%), a-pinene (17.87%), -3-carene (9.13%), B-pinene (6.59%), camphene ...
Read More
The essential oil isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/ MS. Among the 38 compounds identified, the major components were 1,8-cineole + Limonene (40.13%), a-pinene (17.87%), -3-carene (9.13%), B-pinene (6.59%), camphene (6.17%) and camphor (5.36%). In addition, the optimum time for steam distillation was obtained by several experiments in different times. The results showed that by 35-40 min. Steam distillation more than 99% of the oil was isolated. After separation of the main oil from the water in the condensate stream, a hexane extract of the water soluble components in water (0.03%) was also analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major, components of the water oil were camphore (42.91%), 1,8-cineole + Limonene (29.67%) and borneol (10.76%).
By-products and their exploitation methods
V. Abdollahi; H. Arzani; M.A Zare Chahuki; H. Movahed Mohammadi; Gh Haderbadi; J. Motamedi
Abstract
The utilization of medicinal plants based on the ecological principles is one of the aspects of multi-purpose use of rangelands. Therefore, the capability of Darmiyan mountain rangelands in the east of the country to exploit medicinal plants was evaluated. For this purpose, in addition to the ecological ...
Read More
The utilization of medicinal plants based on the ecological principles is one of the aspects of multi-purpose use of rangelands. Therefore, the capability of Darmiyan mountain rangelands in the east of the country to exploit medicinal plants was evaluated. For this purpose, in addition to the ecological indicators, the economic, social, and environmental indicators related to the indigenous knowledge were also considered. In this regard, the vegetation inventory was performed inside the 60 two-square-meter plots located at a distance of 20 m from each other along the 200-meter transects, and the share of medicinal species in the plant composition was calculated. The limitations and potentials of the region to exploit the medicinal plants were also evaluated from the point of view of exploiters and experts by designing a set of questions in the form of Likert scale. The final suitability map to exploit the medicinal plants based on the good, medium, low, and non-suitable degrees of suitability was prepared by integrating the maps in the GIS and based on the FAO limiting factor approach. The results showed that 50.11% (6367.83 ha) and 49.89% (6341.44 ha) of the rangelands had medium and low suitability for exploitation, respectively. The canopy percentage had the highest share of limiting the suitability of plant types, in which the harvest of medicinal plants is less recommended to protect the soil and improve the rangeland conditions. The guaranteed purchase of medicinal plants from the exploiters and providing them with the necessary training on various aspects of this profession, will also increase the capability of this type of rangelands exploitation. Accordingly, they should be given more attention in designing the instructions to determine the rangelands suitability to exploit the medicinal plants.
B. Ghavami; H. Zeinali; M. Khosrowchahli; S. Davazdahemami
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important medicinal plants and expensive spice in the world. This study was carried out to evaluate morphological traits and picrocrocin composition of 27 genotypes derived from different regions of country. Twenty-seven genotypes were cultivated in a randomized complete ...
Read More
Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important medicinal plants and expensive spice in the world. This study was carried out to evaluate morphological traits and picrocrocin composition of 27 genotypes derived from different regions of country. Twenty-seven genotypes were cultivated in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Shahid Fozveh Station of Esfahan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Stigma yield, flower fresh weight, number of flower, number of days to appearance of the first flower, plant height at flowering stage, flowering period and picrocrocin content were measured. Variance analysis of data showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits (p<0.01). Based on mean comparison, the highest and the lowest number of days to appearance of the first flower were recorded for Hamedan genotype and Ghaen and Boshroye genotypes, respectively. The variation range of picrocrocin varied from 0.425 to 0.681. Neishaboor and Esfahan genotypes had the highest and the lowest stigma yield, respectively. In addition, the highest number of flower was recorded for Neishaboor genotype. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes in to seven clusters. According to the obtained results, the genotypes classified in the 6th cluster showed appropriate traits of stigma yield, flower fresh weight, number of flower, flowering period, and number of days to appearance of the first flower. Results of this study revealed considerable variation among the genotypes probably because of the variety of ancestors or mutation phenomenon. Our results showed no relationship between agronomic diversity and geographic distribution.
H. Shaker; M.M. Barazandeh; M.B. Rezaei
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2003, , Pages 33-48
Abstract
In order to compare essential oils composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. from there locations, it was collected from Noor Abad (Fars province), Behshahr (Mazandaran province) and Tehran (Tehran province) in Feb. 1999 and hydrodistilled in the phytochemistry lab of Research Institute of Forests ...
Read More
In order to compare essential oils composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. from there locations, it was collected from Noor Abad (Fars province), Behshahr (Mazandaran province) and Tehran (Tehran province) in Feb. 1999 and hydrodistilled in the phytochemistry lab of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands.
The oils were produced in light- yellow colors at the yields of 060%, 0.14% and 0.50%, respectively (based on fresh weights).
The oils were analyzed by CGC-FID and GC/MS. Thirty-four compounds were identified in each one among which 1.8-cineole (48.8%, 1.0% abd 2.5%) p- cymene (16.3%, 35.5% and 23.9%) and spathulenol (3.7%, 2.7% and 15.4%) were the major constituents, respectively.
L. Ahmadi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , August 1999, , Pages 33-52
Abstract
Biological activity and making use of sage,s essential oil in different industries depends on chemical composition of essential oil, which is impresionable by different factors. In order to study the quality and quantity of essential oil along growth periods, the plant samples were gathered and essential ...
Read More
Biological activity and making use of sage,s essential oil in different industries depends on chemical composition of essential oil, which is impresionable by different factors. In order to study the quality and quantity of essential oil along growth periods, the plant samples were gathered and essential oil were isolated by steam distillation method. Volatile parts was analysed by GC\MS instrument. This study revealed that quality and quantity of chemical composition is different based on parts of plant; α-thujone and β-thujone as two important compound were the lowest in the leaves of sage at flowering stage ( 1.2 % , 3%). The present study showed that quantity of Champhor (2.9%), Cineole (2%), α-thujone (6.4%), and β-thujone (1.6%) in essential oil of aerial parts of plant are lower than the level of international stansard.
S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.B. Rezaee; K. Jaimand
Abstract
Rosa damascenaMill. genotypes werecollected from central parts of Iran, and cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Genotypes from six provinces were evaluated for essential oils yield and ...
Read More
Rosa damascenaMill. genotypes werecollected from central parts of Iran, and cultivated at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Genotypes from six provinces were evaluated for essential oils yield and number of floral parts. Genotypes showed differences in terms of the measured traits. Essential oils concentration and yield showed variation. The most essential oils percentage (0.05%) and yield were observed in Isfahan7 and Yazd1 accessions, respectively, in 2002. Yazd2 and Isfahan6 accessions showed the highest essential oils percentage (0.03%) in 2001, and the most percentage of oils was observed in accession collected from Tehran, in 2003. Also, accession of Yazd1 demonstrated the highest 3-year mean of essential oils percentage and yield. Furthermore, the accessions showed variation for floral parts number. The highest numbers of petals and pistils were observed in accession collected from Tehran Province. Also, Isfahan10 accession showed the highest number of stamens. A considerable variation was, therefore, revealed for floral parts and essential oil content of Rosa damascena genotypes from central parts of Iran. It could then be concluded that the Rosa damascena genotypes differ for essential oils content and this may be applied for classification of Damask rose genotypes. Finally yield of essential oils as the major product of Rosa damascena could be considered as an appropriate selection factor, in order to improve rose varieties.
M. Akbarzadeh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2003, , Pages 37-46
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the important part of flora of Iran. Because of the ecological flexibitil of the plants of Labiatae family to different climatic conditions, They can be one of the important genetic resources of our country. They are used in food ,Pharmacy, hygienic and perfume industries . Therefore ...
Read More
Medicinal plants are the important part of flora of Iran. Because of the ecological flexibitil of the plants of Labiatae family to different climatic conditions, They can be one of the important genetic resources of our country. They are used in food ,Pharmacy, hygienic and perfume industries . Therefore collection and identification of Labiatae family plants of Vaz region were done.The first ,different species were collected and identified ,and then the use of medicinal plants were mentioned by different refrences Also some of physical and biological charactere of site and species are studied such as :altitude, cover percents, soil texture and accompanying . According to our study about the most permenant species of this family, 36 species belonging to 18 genus were determined .After that species with high distribution were introduced like: Thymus kotschyanus, Stachys byzanthina, Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium olium, Ziziphora clinopodioides, Salvia spp, Mentha spp, Marrubium vulgare, phlomis cancelata.
Identification, introduction, ecology and ethnobotany
Khadije Talebi ghadikolai; Hossein Moradi; Razieh Azimi Etergale
Abstract
Background and purpose: The Peganum hamala L. medicinal plant belongs to the Nitrariaceae family and is a native species of the Peganum genus in Iran. P. hamala possesses a wide range of unique biological and medicinal properties due to its valuable secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, ...
Read More
Background and purpose: The Peganum hamala L. medicinal plant belongs to the Nitrariaceae family and is a native species of the Peganum genus in Iran. P. hamala possesses a wide range of unique biological and medicinal properties due to its valuable secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and volatile oil compounds. Despite the widespread distribution of P. hamala in northern Iran, limited studies were conducted on this plant species adapted to arid and semi-arid ecological conditions. Therefore, in this regard, one of the goals of this research is to evaluate the ecological impact and the effect of fixed latitude and different geographical longitudes of the growing place along with the rhizosphere on some structural and yield traits of P. hamala under nine altitude gradients located in Mazandaran.Methodology: To investigate the effect of ecological factors on the structural traits (wet and dry weight of vegetative organs, fresh and dry weight of root, dry matter percentage of vegetative organs, dry matter percentage of root, arch, plant height, plant canopy area, diameter and length of root, and maximum length of stem and crown) and yield traits (fruit diameter, fruit yield, fruit weight, seed weight, average number of seeds, number of fruits, and percentage of seeds in the fruit) of P. hamala, samples of whole plants in the seeding stage were collected from nine different altitude gradients in regions of Khatirkoh (700 and 1000 m), Chahardangeh (1300, 1500, 1700, and 1900 m), and Gadook (2100, 2300, and 2500 m), with three replications along with the substrate soil in a completely random design.Results: Based on the results of the analysis, yield traits show a positive correlation with atmospheric Based on the analysis, yield traits are positively correlated with atmospheric factors. Furthermore, among the structural traits, stem vegetative traits are positively correlated with precipitation, evaporation, and radiation at the probability level of 5%. They also have a negative correlation with relative humidity at 1%. The increase in height above sea level causes an increase in humidity and a decrease in temperature in the Gadook and Khatirkoh areas. In contrast, it causes decreased humidity and temperature in the Chahardangeh area. Also, crop yield decreases with increasing altitude in all three regions. The maximum yield of the product is observed at 2100 m and 1500 m altitudes. The increase is due to increased silty materials, moisture, EC, and pH. The altitude slope shows a positive correlation with grain yield at 1%. In each region, as height above sea level increases, the root length and diameter increase and decrease, respectively. Stem and root vegetative traits show a negative correlation with seed traits. Also, canopy level with plant height and maximum plant stem arch were positively correlated with plant yield at the 1% probability level. In general, based on the results, by increasing the height gradient from sea level, decreasing the temperature, and increasing the humidity and nutrients of the soil, there is a decrease in vegetative growth and an increase in crop yield. According to the performance feature regression model, as elevation increased, the amount of sand and clay, organic matter, and evaporation increased. This led to an increase in yield with a 60% determination factor. According to the regression model used, the effect of soil factors is higher than weather and climate. Therefore, climate factors change for this plant at a fixed latitude.Conclusion: According to the results of examining the structural and yield traits of the collected P. hamala ecotypes, yield traits increase with the increase in altitude gradient, the amount of sand and clay, organic substances, evaporation, and decrease in temperature. On the other hand, vegetative traits decrease. Therefore, the Gadook region population is introduced as the superior ecotype with maximum yield traits among these studied regions in Mazandaran province.
Agriculture and horticulture
M. Layeghhaghighi; B. Abaszadeh
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a valuable medicinal tree in addition to being used as a food. Olive leaf, as an organ containing active ingredients, is of great value in various industries. Use of olive leaves extract as a natural antioxidant is one of the most common applications of this plant. Oleuropein ...
Read More
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a valuable medicinal tree in addition to being used as a food. Olive leaf, as an organ containing active ingredients, is of great value in various industries. Use of olive leaves extract as a natural antioxidant is one of the most common applications of this plant. Oleuropein is the most important phenolic compound in olive species that plays an important role in health. Oleuropein and quercetin are used as effective compounds in anti-cancer, anti-virus, and anti-inflammatory drugs. To investigate the effects of vermicompost (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 tons per hectare) application on morphological traits, leaf yield, and oleuropein, quercetin, macro and micro elements of the olive leaf extract under field conditions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications (nine shrubs in each replicate) at the Alborz Research Station, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands in two years. Three-year-old shrubs were planted at a distance of 5 m on the row and 5 m between the rows at a depth of 50 cm. Vermicompost affected fresh and dry leaf yield per hectare and quercetin and oleuropein amounts of the leaves significantly (at the level of 1% probability) in both years. The highest dry leaf yield per hectare was obtained in the 4 tons of vermicompost treatment (55.573 kg in the first year and 63.047 kg in the second one). The amount of quercetin increased from 18.48 and 18.7 µg.mg-1 dry matter in the control treatment (in the first and second years, respectively) to 34.67 and 37.7 µg.mg-1 dry matter in the 4 tons vermicompost per hectare treatment (in the first and second years, respectively). Also, the use of 2 tons of vermicompost per hectare increased the leaf oleuropein in both years. Different vermicompost treatments increased the uptake of most macro and micro elements including phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in both years. The results showed that the appropriate amounts of vermicompostcould be used to produce a plant with high quercetin and oleuropein.
Agriculture and horticulture
J. Maleki; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Mirza; H. Heydari Sharif Abad; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, ...
Read More
To investigate the effects of soil fertility methods on economic yield and essential oil compositions of Nigella sativa L., an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental treatments included different levels of NPK chemical fertilizer, manure, NPK+ manure, and NPK+ manure+ inoculation of Azorizobium biofertilizer. Seed yield, aerial parts yield, and percentage, yield, and essential oil compounds were studied. The results showed that the highest seed yield (1270.43 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. The highest percentage (0.25%) and essential oil yield (2.8 kg.ha-1) was obtained in the 40 kg.ha-1 N+ 32 kg.ha-1 P+ 40 kg.ha-1 K+ 30 ton.ha-1 manure+ Azurizobium treatment. The highest thymoquinone percentage (14.9%) was observed in the 30 ton.ha-1 manure treatment. Overall, the integrated and biological treatments had the most positive effects on seed yield and essential oil percentage of N. sativa. The use of suitable fertilizer sources not only increased the yield, essential oil percentage, and thymoquinone content in Nigella sativa, but also reduced the consequences of excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The use of integrated fertilization methods is an effective step to achieve the sustainable agriculture goals.
M. Mazandarani; M. Kassaei; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 20, Issue 1 , April 2004, , Pages 39-58
Abstract
Ziarat Biosphers Reserve covers an area 651 hectares situated in the Golestan provinces, at different altitude ( 650- 2250 m) , in this geographical area, remarkable endemic and unique plants are spreading of their compatibility and extraordinany conformity concerning the environemtal a climatic adaptive ...
Read More
Ziarat Biosphers Reserve covers an area 651 hectares situated in the Golestan provinces, at different altitude ( 650- 2250 m) , in this geographical area, remarkable endemic and unique plants are spreading of their compatibility and extraordinany conformity concerning the environemtal a climatic adaptive have been taken in to account among the valuable herbaceous genetic reserves and in order to recognition of their chemical compositions and effective material during the recent decades , extessive researches have been done by different research and university centers. Fortunately , some company agro – industry associations in production of many kind of drugs . have activity on the basis of researching. Separation and delivering the existing compositions in medicinal plants and the result obtained from their continued efforts is the production of many kinds of drug with herbaceous source which are possessing the justification from the ministry of Health. Non- economical collection if medicinal plants in traditional from domanstrated the necessity of their cultivations in the form of ,echanized cultivatidrs and agro industry associations. There fore , to achieve the purpose , the recognition of ecologic , phenologic needs of plants in inevitable. in this article 107 plant species are reported from the area. They are including 42 family and 103 genera. Therophytes (20.6% ), Hemicryptophyte(11.2%), Geophytes(36.4%) Phanerophytes (19.6%) and chamaephytes(12.1%) are the most important life forms of the reserve. Also trditionel Current uses , Botany charasteristic, the methods for increasing , geographical distribution ,chemical composition، the way of using,usable parts of the plant and finally their medicinal figures have been presented.
M.H. Lebaschy; A. Matin; Gh. Amin; E. Sharifi; L. Ahmadi
Volume 10, Issue 1 , November 2001, , Pages 39-64
Abstract
Fluctuation of hypericin and yield in Hypericum perforatum was examined in Karaj Research Station in 1989. In this study chemical fertilizer, organic manure and combination of them were allocated in subplot, and plant density was allocated as main plot with 4,5.7 and 10 plant m?. In a split plot design ...
Read More
Fluctuation of hypericin and yield in Hypericum perforatum was examined in Karaj Research Station in 1989. In this study chemical fertilizer, organic manure and combination of them were allocated in subplot, and plant density was allocated as main plot with 4,5.7 and 10 plant m?. In a split plot design under CRBD with 3 replication. Hypericin in the tops from the first harvest was extracted and measured by Soxhlet and spectrophotometer. Hypericin extraction was performed in two stages by CHCL3 and MeOH and measured by standard hypericin. The results showed that the combination of fertilizer and manure and also manure alone produced maximum hypericin, in the first harvest which were 2262 and 2197 ppm, respectively. Hypericin yields of the mentioned treatments with 4684 and 4534 gr/ha also showed significant difference with chemical fertilizer and control. The highest hypericin yield produced in 10 plant m density. Sum of hypericin yields for combination of manure and fertilizer treatment in two harvests reaches to 8094 gr/ha. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer and manure by improvement of the soil physical, chemical and biological properties are able to improve hypericin content without any toxicity in this medicinal plant.
M. Oveysi Omran; M. Zavareh; F. Sefidkon; B. Abaszadeh; S. Asadi-Sanam
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soil application of potassium fertilizer and foliar application of brasinosteroid on morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil yield of medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in response to water availability. ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soil application of potassium fertilizer and foliar application of brasinosteroid on morphophysiological characteristics and essential oil yield of medicinal plant purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench) in response to water availability. Treatments consisted of three levels of water availability (irrigation at 90% (control), 60%, and 30% of field capacity (FC)) in main plots and four amounts of potassium fertilizer (no potassium application (control), 50, 100, and 150 kg K2O ha-1) as well as the foliar application of three brassinosteroid concentrations (distilled water (control), 0.1, and 1 μM) in subplots. Results showed that the highest mean plant height (67.8 cm), number of leaves plant-1(151), number of flowers plant-1 (18.1), flower dry weight (151.9 g plant-1) and aerial parts dry weight (508.6 g plant-1) were obtained in the second year of the experiment under 150 kg ha-1 potassium and normal irrigation treatments. The highest percentage of essential oil (76) was obtained under irrigation at 60% of FC, 150 kg ha-1 potassium, and 1 µM brassinosteroid treatments. In the second year, the maximum amount of essential oil plant-1 (0.67 g) was related to 150 kg ha-1 potassium and 1 μm brassinosteroid treatments. In general, the results of this study showed that irrigation at 60% of FC together with 150 kg ha-1 potassium and 1 μM of brassinosteroid could reduce the effects of drought stress, increase the amount of essential oil plant-1 and improve some morphophysiological characteristics in purple coneflower.
F. Safidkon
Volume 5, Issue 1 , April 2000, , Pages 47-60
Abstract
Jashir is the persian name for prangos ferulacea (L.) belonging to the family of Umbelliferae. It is widely distributed all over the mountainous regions of Iran where it is used as a fodder. The fruit oils of P. ferulacea have been the subject of previous study. In this study, the oils obtained by steam ...
Read More
Jashir is the persian name for prangos ferulacea (L.) belonging to the family of Umbelliferae. It is widely distributed all over the mountainous regions of Iran where it is used as a fodder. The fruit oils of P. ferulacea have been the subject of previous study. In this study, the oils obtained by steam distillation of aerial parts and seed of Prangos ferulacea (L.) were investigated by a combination of GC and GC/MS. More than 30 compounds in the aerial parts oil, and about 20 compounds in the seed oil have been identified. The main constituents of the oil of aerial parts were ß- Pinene (22.9%) and O-3 carene (16.0%), whereas the seed oil comprised mainly B- Pinene(33.0%) and a - Pinene (10.1%).
M. Mirza
Volume 12, Issue 1 , May 2002, , Pages 53-65
Abstract
Fresh Aerial parts of Salvia atropatana Bunge were collected during their Flowering periods (Mai-june 1998) near shiraz.
The essential oil isolated by steam distillation for 90 min was obtained in yied of 0.1% w/w. The chemical composition of the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method ...
Read More
Fresh Aerial parts of Salvia atropatana Bunge were collected during their Flowering periods (Mai-june 1998) near shiraz.
The essential oil isolated by steam distillation for 90 min was obtained in yied of 0.1% w/w. The chemical composition of the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method and analysed by GC/MS.
Twenty-nine components were characterized with b-Caryophyllene (16.3%), Sclareol (13.3%), Hexyl octanoate (12.2%), Bicyclogermacrene (10%) as the major constituents respectively.
M. Mirza; L. Ahmadi
Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2001, , Pages 55-70
Abstract
Essential oil of Satureja hortensis was isolated from shoots at flowering stage by two steam and hydrodistillation methods. Both of essential oil were analysed by GC-MS. Twenty-six components were identified representing 99.6% of the oils. The major components being y-terpinene (38%, 47%), Carvacrol ...
Read More
Essential oil of Satureja hortensis was isolated from shoots at flowering stage by two steam and hydrodistillation methods. Both of essential oil were analysed by GC-MS. Twenty-six components were identified representing 99.6% of the oils. The major components being y-terpinene (38%, 47%), Carvacrol (45%, 30%), P-cymene (3.2%, 0.2%) and a-terpinene (2.6%, 5.7%) by twohydro and steam distillation methods, respectively. carvacrol and y-terpinene showed no marked difference by the mentioned methods.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; Sh. Ahmadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , September 2006, , Pages 98-104
Abstract
trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected ...
Read More
trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected from Noshahr in 2003 and 2004. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The yields of stem plus the leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the first year were 0.26%, 1/1% and 4.1% w/w and for the second year were 0.26%, 0.86% and 2.45%, respectively. Four constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, five constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2003. Six constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, fifteen constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2004. Major constituent of the stem plus the leaf, inflorescence, and seed oils was trans-a-Bergamotene (91.1%, 96.2% and 90.2% in 2003 and 94.3% 84.9% and 95.5% in 2004, respectively).
P. Salehi Shanjani; M. Mirza
Volume 17, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 119-196
Abstract
Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to –40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this study, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics ...
Read More
Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to –40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this study, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oils of leaves and berries (female cones), the effects of environmental factors were studied on metabolism of secondary products. The volatitale constituents of the Leaves and berries of male, female and male-female trees isolated by steam-distillation were analyzed by GC-MS.
Results indicated that the amount of essential oil in berries is higher than that in leaves. Seasonal alteration of essential oil of berries differs from leaves. The essential oil of berries increase during growth period, however decreased in leaves. Besides drying has increasing effect on essential oil.
In total 32 terpenoidic components were found that α-pinene, limonene, trans-verbenol, cis-verbenol, verbenone, Υ- elemone and elemol were the important ones. α-pinene up to 70% of essential oil content was the highest component. Seasonal alteration of each component was very variable. Drying effect can be valuable for isolation of components and commercial applications.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; M. Mirza
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 125-136
Abstract
One of the more distributed of The genus of Thymus is T. pubescens that is widespread in Tehran provinces up to 1800 m height and often widespread on flat and rocky surface. The aerial parts of Thymus pubescens were collected at four various localities in the Tehran province: Lar valley and Damavand ...
Read More
One of the more distributed of The genus of Thymus is T. pubescens that is widespread in Tehran provinces up to 1800 m height and often widespread on flat and rocky surface. The aerial parts of Thymus pubescens were collected at four various localities in the Tehran province: Lar valley and Damavand (East of Tehran province), Sirachal and Fasham (Northwest of Tehran province). Essential oils were isolated by steam distillation from the plant material at two stages, before flowering (BF) and at full flowering (FF). The yields arranged between 0.34% and 0.86% at BF stage and between 0.40% and 2.03% at FF stage. In most sites of collection the oil content at BF stage was less than FF stage and the oil percentage of plant material from Lar valley and Damavand was more than of Sirachal and Fasham. At BF stage 25 compounds and at FF stage 26 compounds were characterized by means of GC and GC/MS. Major constituents were: carvacrol, thymol, g-terpinene, r-cymene, borneol, methy carvacrol, b-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineol + limonene and Geraniol. Twenty-three constituents were common at two stages. Geranyl acetate and thymyl acetate were found just at BF stage and geranial, nerol, and thymodihydroquinone were found just at FF stage.
Z. habibi; F. Shahriari; M. Yousefi; Y. Kia; A. Basiri
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 135-147
Abstract
The genus of Tanacetum belongs to Compositeae family, distributed in South and Southwestern Europe, Southwestern of Asia and North of Africa. The aerial parts of Tanacetum Canescens (DC.) were collected during the flowering stage from Sanandaj in Kordestan Province. The chloroform extract of T. canescens ...
Read More
The genus of Tanacetum belongs to Compositeae family, distributed in South and Southwestern Europe, Southwestern of Asia and North of Africa. The aerial parts of Tanacetum Canescens (DC.) were collected during the flowering stage from Sanandaj in Kordestan Province. The chloroform extract of T. canescens was investigated and β-stigmasterol and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy 6,7, 4'- trimethoxy flavone and 5,3'- dihydroxy 6,7, 4'– trimethoxy flavone were isolated. The structure of these natural products was elucidated by using 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
