T. Mozafari Dehshiri; F. Sefidkon; F. Asgari; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Pimpinella aurea DC. is one of the most abundant perennial species from Pimpinella genus in Iran, distributed in northwest, west, center, northeast, and southeast of Iran. This aromatic species contains essential oil with antimicrobial effect. In this research, to study the quality and quantity of seed ...
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Pimpinella aurea DC. is one of the most abundant perennial species from Pimpinella genus in Iran, distributed in northwest, west, center, northeast, and southeast of Iran. This aromatic species contains essential oil with antimicrobial effect. In this research, to study the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of Pimpinella aurea and also the effect of seed size on essential oil content and composition of Pimpinella aurea, seeds were collected from three localities in Tehran province (Tochal, Vardavard and Lavasanat) and were, after drying, separated by sieves having mesh sizes of 20, 25 and 30. All samples were subjected to hydro-distillation, individually, for obtaining their essential oils. The mean oil yields for Tochal seeds were calculated to be 4.01%, 3.20% and 1.12% for 20, 25 and 30 meshes, respectively. These values were 5.69%, 3.20% and 1.94% for the samples from Vardavard and 3.21%, 2.70% and 1.85% for Lavasanat samples. Results showed that the oil yield decreased remarkably with decreasing the size of the seeds. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS for the identification of their chemical composition. β-bisabolene was identified as the main component in the oils collected from different habitats (57.2-83.6%). The other major component was epoxy allo-aromadendrene (3.9-30.6%). According to the obtained results, seed size had no considerable effect on essential oil composition. In addition, more oil yield and β-bisabolene content were recorded for the seeds collected from Vardavard (with a warmer and dryer habitat).
M. Mirza; M. Najafpour Navaei; Z. Behrad
Abstract
In this study, the analysis of seed and leaf essential oil of Heracleum anisactis Boiss. & Hohen., as an endemic species, was reported. The plant parts of H. anisactis were collected from Dizin Mountain at three altitudes of 2100, 2600 and 3200 m. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation ...
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In this study, the analysis of seed and leaf essential oil of Heracleum anisactis Boiss. & Hohen., as an endemic species, was reported. The plant parts of H. anisactis were collected from Dizin Mountain at three altitudes of 2100, 2600 and 3200 m. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty and twenty-two components were identified in the leaf and seed essential oil, respectively. According to the results, the main constituents of leaf oil were octyl acetate (66/9%, 67.4% and 69.3%), octyl butyrate (3.7%, 3.5% and 5.6%) and hexyl isobutyrate (3.3%, 3.8%, 4.5%), at altitudes of 2100 m, 2600 m, and 3200m, respectively. In the seed oil, octyl acetate (69.4%, 72.4% and 76.5%) and hexyl butyrate (3.2%, 4.8%, 6.2%) were identified as the mail constituents at altitudes of 2100, 2600 and 3200m, respectively.
A. Akbarinia; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Mirza
Abstract
Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in some areas of Iran such as Qazvin province. In order to evaluate essential oil yield and composition of T. daenensis an experiment was conducted in research farm of Qazvin Research Station based on randomized complete block design with three replications during ...
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Thymus daenensis Celak. is distributed in some areas of Iran such as Qazvin province. In order to evaluate essential oil yield and composition of T. daenensis an experiment was conducted in research farm of Qazvin Research Station based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2006-2008. Aerial parts of the plants were dried in shadow and hydro distilled for obtaining their essential oils. Capillary GC and GC/MS analysis were used to determine the volatile profile of the essential oil samples. Fresh and dry herbage yields of T. daenensis were 9124-1568, 10250-2176 and 11337-2750 kg/ha in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. Aerial parts yield were higher in the first cutting and showed decreased trend in latter cutting each year. The yields of fresh and dry biomass were 3498-800 kg/ha for the first cutting, 3015-720 kg/ha for the second cutting, 1947-508 kg/ha for the third cutting and 1976-504 kg/ha for the forth cutting. There was no difference in volatile oil percentage in different years, but there were significant difference between different cuttings. The oil yield was 2.83% at third cutting and 3.07% at first cutting. Thymol, γ-terpinene, ρ-cemene, metyl-eyther carvacrol and carvacrol were the main components of essential oil in all cuttings and years. Thymol percentage was varied from 69% (first cutting) to 76% (second cutting) in the essential oils of T. daenensis.
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi; S. Meshkizadeh; M. Naderi Haji Bagher Kandi; A. Bahmanzadegan Jahromi
Abstract
Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation ...
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Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed separately and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed oils of P. deveroides, were 0.6%, 2.5% and 7.1% w/w, respectively in 2005 and 1.3%, 2.4% and 7.5% w/w in 2006. The yields of seed oils were higher than the yields of stems plus the leaves and inflorescence oils. Pregeijerene (35.5% to 67%) and Geijerene (8.2% to 14.1%) were the major constituents in all oils. According to this study P. deveroides is important for the highest quantity oil in seed.
A. Shafaghat; H. Akhlaghi; A.R. Motavalizadeh Kakhky; K. Larijani; A. Rustaiyan
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 244-252
Abstract
The Umbelliferae family comprising about 300 genera and 3000 species worldwide is also widespread in Iran. The genus Chaerophyllum L. is represented in the flora of Iran by eight species of which two are endemic (Chaerophyllum khorassanicum and Chaerophyllum nivale). In this work, the plant material ...
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The Umbelliferae family comprising about 300 genera and 3000 species worldwide is also widespread in Iran. The genus Chaerophyllum L. is represented in the flora of Iran by eight species of which two are endemic (Chaerophyllum khorassanicum and Chaerophyllum nivale). In this work, the plant material was collected on 3 July 2005 in Khalkhal area (Ardabil Province) at an altitude of 1950m near Lonbar village, in North–West of Iran. The aerial part and root of plant were air-dried at room temperature for ten days then subjected to hydrodistillation for 3 and 4 hours respectively, using a Clevenger–type apparatus. The analysis of the oils was performed by using GC and GC/MS methods. Eighteen constituents (0.2% V/W) representing 99.2% of the essential oil of aerial part and ten components (96.3%) of the root oil (0.17% V/W) has been identified. The main components of the root oil were myristicin (39.1%), terpinolene (23.0%), E-β-ocimene (21.9%), and γ-terpinene (5.4%). Whereas, the oil of aerial part was characterized by higher amount of E-β-ocimene (24.9%), myristicin (15.7%), terpinolene (14.2%), fenchyl acetate (13.9%), Z-β-ocimene (6.3%) and sabinene (6.1%). The comparison between two sections of plant showed in the root oil, myristicin as a predominated compound over aerial part oil.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; Sh. Ahmadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , September 2006, , Pages 98-104
Abstract
trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected ...
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trans-a-Bergamotene is an aromatic compound that is used for synthesize of the other aromatic compounds. Pimpinella affinis Ledeb. grows wild in different regions of Iran, north, north-west, center, eastern and north-east. In This research, the aerial parts and seeds of P. affinis werecollected from Noshahr in 2003 and 2004. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The yields of stem plus the leaf, inflorescence and seed oils for the first year were 0.26%, 1/1% and 4.1% w/w and for the second year were 0.26%, 0.86% and 2.45%, respectively. Four constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, five constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2003. Six constituents in stem plus the leaf oil, fifteen constituents in inflorescence oil and six constituents in seed oil were identified in samples of 2004. Major constituent of the stem plus the leaf, inflorescence, and seed oils was trans-a-Bergamotene (91.1%, 96.2% and 90.2% in 2003 and 94.3% 84.9% and 95.5% in 2004, respectively).
A. Sonboli; M.R. Kanani; M. Mojarrad
Abstract
Aerial parts of Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. were collected in full flowering stage from three different localities from Darab (Fars province), Haji Abad and Fareghan (Hormozgan province). The oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yields were 0.72, 0.53 ...
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Aerial parts of Salvia santolinifolia Boiss. were collected in full flowering stage from three different localities from Darab (Fars province), Haji Abad and Fareghan (Hormozgan province). The oils were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yields were 0.72, 0.53 and 0.41 % (w/w) based on dry weight of plants, respectively. Thirty-three, 30 and 32 compounds were identified in samples which constituted 99.1, 99.9 and 99.8 % of the total oils, respectively. In the oil obtained from Darab, α-pinene (54%), Borneol (15%) and camphene (9.8%) were found as the major components. From Haji Abad sample, α-pinene (72%), β-pinene (6.6%) and limonene (5.3%) were characterized as the main compounds. In the essential oil from Fareghan, constituents such as α-pinene (70%), β-pinene (5.7%) and limonene (5.2%) were determined as the principal ones. The results showed that the differences in essential oil composition could be considered as chemotaxonomic significance and it may be attributed to their different ecological and geographical origin factors.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; M.H. Assareh; M.M. Brazandeh
Abstract
In this research, essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation method but with different apparatus of distillation from Rosa damascena Mill. The oil obtained at different yields for example for Clevenger (0.008%), Miquel (0.014%), A.O.A.C. (0.012%) and two plans designed in Research Institute ...
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In this research, essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation method but with different apparatus of distillation from Rosa damascena Mill. The oil obtained at different yields for example for Clevenger (0.008%), Miquel (0.014%), A.O.A.C. (0.012%) and two plans designed in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands by authors which were named plan-1 (0.015%) and plan-2 (0.023%). Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oil by Clevenger were geraniol (26.7%), n-nonadecane (21.3%), citronellol (12.5%) and n-henicosane (12.0%); by Miquel were geraniol (32.9%), citronellol (19.0%), n-nonadecane (10.6%); by A.O.A.C. were n-nonadecane (28.5%), geraniol (22.6%), n-henicosane (10.6%) and citronellol (10.2%) in plan -1 were n-nonadecane (21.3%), geraniol( 21.8%), citronellol (12%) and in plan-2 were n-nonadecane (21.8%), geraniol (19.1%) and citronellol (15%), respectively. By comparison of the results from different apparatus of hydro-distillation, it can be concluded that the best plan for obtaining essential oil from Rosa damascena Mill., were plan-2 and Miquel.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the arial parts and seeds of Pimpinella eriocarpa Banks & Soland Individually, that were collected from khojir (Northeast of Tehran province). The yields of arial parts and seed oils were 1.3% and 5.7%w/w, respectively. Fifteen constituents ...
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Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the arial parts and seeds of Pimpinella eriocarpa Banks & Soland Individually, that were collected from khojir (Northeast of Tehran province). The yields of arial parts and seed oils were 1.3% and 5.7%w/w, respectively. Fifteen constituents in the aerial parts oil and eight constituents in seed oil were identified. Major constituents of the aerial parts oil were Pregeijerene (59.9%), Limonene (17.6%) and Elemicin (12.5%). Major constituents of the seed oil were Limonene (49.3%) and Elemicin (44.5%). Two major compounds (Limonene and Elemicin) were common in both of the oils. Seven trace constituents of the aerial parts oil were not found in the seed oil at all.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon
Volume 20, Issue 2 , July 2004, , Pages 229-237
Abstract
Melissa officinalis L. is a very easily grown plant that habitats in south and Eastern of Europe, Spain and Asia. The plant of Melissa collected from three fields in Fars, Tehran and Semnan provinces. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The yields of Essential oils of Fars sample (Shiraz), ...
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Melissa officinalis L. is a very easily grown plant that habitats in south and Eastern of Europe, Spain and Asia. The plant of Melissa collected from three fields in Fars, Tehran and Semnan provinces. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation. The yields of Essential oils of Fars sample (Shiraz), Tehran sample (Karaj) and Semnan sample were 0.14%, 0.25% and 0.26% (w/w) respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC (9A-Shimadzu) and GC/MS (Varian 3400). Seventeen constituents at Fars sample oil, seventeen constituents at Tehran sample oil and fourteen constituents at Semnan sample oil were identified respectively. Major constituents of Fars sample were citronellal (25.4%), b-caryophyllene (11.3%), thymol (10.5%), globolol (6.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%) and geraniol (5.7%). Major constituents of Karaj sample oil were citronellal (9.3%), carvacrol (31.8 %), Humulene epoxide (25.4 %) and a-humulene (10.2%). Major constituents of Semnan samples oil were citronellal (43.8%), b-caryophyllene (13.5%), thymol (7.9%), globolol (6.8%), neral (5.3%) and geranial (5.0%). Fourteen constituents were common at all sample oil. Major constituent at all samples oil was citronellal. Four major constituents were common at Fars and Semnan samples oil.
M.B. Rezaee; K. Jaimand; S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.M. Brazandeh; S. Meshkizadeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January 2004, , Pages 339-348
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes ...
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Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes (6A and 188B) collected from Kashan (Ghamsar) and west Azarbaiejan (Oskoo), respectively and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in Ghamsar sample were n-nonadecane (25.5%), citronellol (17.7%)and geraniol (13.3 %) and for Oskoo sample were citronellol (27%), geraniol (18%) and n- nonadecane (14.2%). An appropriate was therefore genotype identified with high percent of major essential components, from Oskoo, despite cultivation in a different envirment from its geographical origin.
F. Askari; F. Sefidkon; M. Mirza; S. Meshkizadeh
Volume 19, Issue 3 , October 2003, , Pages 239-254
Abstract
The genus of Pimpinella presents about 20 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran. Most of them are annual. Two of the more distributed and prenial of these species is P. eurea and P. tragium. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the seeds, flowers, and stems of ...
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The genus of Pimpinella presents about 20 species, which are found wild in different regions of Iran. Most of them are annual. Two of the more distributed and prenial of these species is P. eurea and P. tragium. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the seeds, flowers, and stems of Pimpinella aurea DC.Individually, that were collected from Fasham (Northwest of Tehran province) and Tochal (North of Tehran province). The yields of seeds, flowers, and stems oils of Fasham sample were 1.97%, 1.54% and 0.44% w/w, and the yields of seeds, flowers, and stems oils of Tochal samples were 1.2%, 0.47% and 0.48% w/w, respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC (9A-Shimadzu) and GC/MS (Varian 3400). Eight and four constituents at seed oil, thirty-two and thirty-four constituents at flower oil and eighteen and twenty constituents at stem oil of Fasham and Tochal samples were identified respectively. In the Fasham samples: Major constituents of the stem plus the leaf oil were: 1,8-Cineol and Limonene (21.4%), Viridiflorol (12.8%), a-Pinene (11.5%) and Kessane (10.5%). Major constituents of the flower oil were: Viridiflorol (32.5%) and b-Bisabolene (29.5%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: b-Bisabolene (50.8%) and Viridiflorol (37.0%). In the Tochal samples: Major constituents of the stem plus the leaf oil were: b-Bisabolene (18.3%), Geranyl acetate (14.7%), Geranyl2-methyl butyrate (9.0%) and Limonene (7.3%). Major constituents of the flower oil were: b-Bisabolene (55.2%) and a-zingiberene (8.7%). Major constituents of the seed oil were: b-Bisabolene (76.5%) and Caryophyllene oxide (21.4%).
M.B. Rezaee; K. Jaimand; S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M.M. Brazandeh
Volume 19, Issue 1 , May 2003, , Pages 63-72
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena collected from and ...
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Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena collected from and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Components of this essence were compared to that of industrial samples extracted by the same method, from Rosa damacena cultivated in Kamoo. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in industrial sample were phytol (39.3%), n-henicosane (16.5%), hexadecane (12.5%), n-heptadecane (5.9%) and citronellol (4.1%)and for laboratory sample were n-nonadecane (21%), citronellol (20.3%), geraniol (19%) and phenylethyl alcohol (18.9%).
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 18, Issue 1 , February 2003, , Pages 77-88
Abstract
The chemical constituents of the oil from Taxodium distichum (L.) were collected in mide of summer , essential oils were extracted from fruit by hydrodistillation method ( clevenger – type apparatus ) which apparatus planed to take oil in runing time without stoping of process. In this extraction ...
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The chemical constituents of the oil from Taxodium distichum (L.) were collected in mide of summer , essential oils were extracted from fruit by hydrodistillation method ( clevenger – type apparatus ) which apparatus planed to take oil in runing time without stoping of process. In this extraction we collected three fraction and then oils analyzed by GC and GC/MS . The major constituents in fraction – 1 were a - pinene (61.8%) which decrease in fraction – 2 (57.1%) and in fraction – 3 (14.8%) , and another compound 1- terpineol in fraction – 1 were (31.5%) and in fraction – 2 increased (32.5%) but in fraction – 3 again decreased (24%) and for b - caryophyllene in fraction – 1 with (1.2%) in fraction – 2 are increased (7.2%) and in fraction – 3 again increased (24.6%) .
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaei
Volume 15, Issue 1 , January 2003, , Pages 49-58
Abstract
The composition of the oils from flower and leaf of Achilleea vermicularis Trin. Were Collected during the flowering period. The essential oils obtainad by hydrodistillation method (Clevenger- type appratus). The percentage of oils for flower were 0.44% and for leaf were 0.71% calculated on the dry weight, ...
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The composition of the oils from flower and leaf of Achilleea vermicularis Trin. Were Collected during the flowering period. The essential oils obtainad by hydrodistillation method (Clevenger- type appratus). The percentage of oils for flower were 0.44% and for leaf were 0.71% calculated on the dry weight, andlyzed by GC and GC/MS.
The major constituents in flower were camphor (31.2%), 1.8-cineole (24%), trans- p- menth- 2- en- 1- ol (14.8%), α-terpineol (5.3%) and for leaf were 1.8- cineole(25.7%), cemphor (21.4%), trans- p- menth- 2- en- 1- ol (18%) and sabinene (4%) respectively.
