Volume 25, Issue 4 , February 2010
F. Fatemi; A. Allameh; H. Khalafi; M.B. Rezaei; M. Seyhoon
Abstract
Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences ...
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Acute lung inflammation is one of the chronic consequences of sepsis which leads to septic patients death. In consider to the side effects of using anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal drugs such as caraway seed has a great potential application with the aim of treating or/and decreasing the consequences of sepsis. In this study, CLP rat model was used to consider the protective role of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oils derived from caraway seeds in preventing tissue lung injury. In this regards, the effects of caraway extracts on lung oxidative stress parameters i.e. myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation and glutathione in different groups of rats were considered. Furthermore, in order to consider the effects of γ-irradiation on pharmacological properties of caraway extracts, four groups of rats treated with irradiated caraway seed extracts and the lung tissues were analyzed using oxidative stress parameters. The results of this study showed that caraway essential oils could modulate the oxidative stress parameters in this experimental acute inflammation; whereas, hydroalcoholic extract did not have any effects on these factors. γ-irradiation of caraway seeds at 10 and 25 kGy also had no effect on these properties of caraway extracts, so that essential oils but not hydroalcoholic extract derived from irradiated caraway seeds could amend oxidative parameters. The results of this study indicated that caraway essential oils could affect the consequences of acute lung injury and also preservation of caraway seeds by irradiation doesn't change its effects.
Zh. Asadi Kavan; M. Ghorbanli; A. Sateei
Abstract
Drought stress provokes ROS production in plant cell chloroplasts and subsequently causes lipid membrane peroxidation and damage. Pimpinella anisum L. is one of the aromatic herbal plants which has great export value. The aim of this study was applying exogenous ascorbate in order to control oxidative ...
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Drought stress provokes ROS production in plant cell chloroplasts and subsequently causes lipid membrane peroxidation and damage. Pimpinella anisum L. is one of the aromatic herbal plants which has great export value. The aim of this study was applying exogenous ascorbate in order to control oxidative stress during drought tolerance. Changes of pigment content of leaves, total phenol compounds, malonedialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. In a pot study, drought stress introduced to treatments with 3 replicates based on 3 levels of field capacity (100, 60 and 25%) and ascorbate (1.4 mM) sprayed on them. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with increasing in stress levels, while flavonoids and anthocyanins increased. Carotene and xanthophyll increased only in moderate stress level due to drought. Exogenous ascorbate increased chlorophylls and carotenoid content but decreased flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and had great effect on increasing phenol compound in all stress levels. MDA content remained relatively constant, but increased significantly in severe stress levels. Applying exogenous ascorbate led to decreasing metabolite. According to the results exogenous ascorbate could increase the ability of Pimpinella anisum in response to drought stress with different mechanisms and had protective effect against lipid peroxidation due to drought stress.
B. Mirshekari; H. Asadi Rahmani; A. Mirmozafari Rodsari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum ...
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In order to study the effects of seed inoculation with Azospirillum strains and coating with microelements on seed and essential oil yield of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) an experiment was conducted at research field of agricultural faculty of Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. Studied factors were Azospirillum strains (lipoferum, brasilense, irakense, strain of and strain 21) included seed coating with microelements and no-coating seeds. Factorial experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design. Results indicated that, when seeds were inoculated with Azospirillum, strain 21, umbel number per plant increased 11 umbel, compared with control. The lowest thousand seed weight obtained from treatment that seeds no-inoculated and no-coated. Seed yield was the highest (571 kg ha-1), when seeds were both inoculated with strain 21 and coated with microelements, and this value was twice more than the treatment of those seeds only inoculated with Azospirillum strains. When seeds were coated with microelements, yield increased to 147 kg ha-1 (based on averaged Azospirillum strains) compared to non-coated seeds. Essential oil yield of cumin ranged from 17.2 kg ha-1 in treatment of seed inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21×seed coating with microelements to 2.56 kg ha-1 in control sample. Difference between seed and Essential oil yield of cumin was not significant, when those seeds coated with microelements were inoculated with strain 21 and strain of. In cumin planting seeds coating with microelements and inoculation with Azospirillum, strain 21 or strain of is recommended.
E. Arazmjo; M. Heidari; A. Ghanbari
Abstract
In order to study the effects of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters (chlorophyll a and b, proline and carbohydrate concentration), sodium and potassium in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomoilla L.) a field experiment in split plot design with three replications ...
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In order to study the effects of water stress and three sources of fertilizers on flower yield, physiological parameters (chlorophyll a and b, proline and carbohydrate concentration), sodium and potassium in Chamomile (Matricaria chamomoilla L.) a field experiment in split plot design with three replications was conducted in 2008 at Zabol University. Treatments included W1 (90% FC or Control), W2 (75% FC) and W3 (50% FC) as main plot and three sources of fertilizers: F1 (Control or non fertilizer application), F2 (chemical fertilizer), F3 (manure fertilizer) and F4 (compost) as sub plots. Results showed water stress at W3 treatment, reduced dry flower yield about 18.1%. In this study, however the highest flower yield was obtained from W1 and use of chemical fertilizer treatments but at W3 treatment, among the fertilizer, manure fertilizer had the best effect on flower yield in Chamomile. Water stress increased the activity of substance but the highest active substance was obtained in W2 and use of chemical fertilizer. In this experiment, chlorophyll a and b and K contents in leaves by impact of water stress decreased but free proline, total soluble carbohydrate concentration and sodium were increased under water stress. Use of manure fertilizer had the highest positive effects on physiological parameters and potassium uptake under water stress in chamomile.
E. Morteza; G.A. Akbari; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; H. Aliabadi Farahani; B. Foghi; M. Abdoli
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed ...
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In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was the sowing date with three levels (11 August, 1 and 22 September) and sub factor was plant density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants/ hectare). Seeds of valerian provided from Medicinal Plants Research Division of Shahid Beheshti University. Didrovaltrate amount was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that sowing date and planting density had significant effect on root and rhizome length and diameter and percentage of didrovaltrate. The interaction effects of sowing date and planting density had significant difference on percentage of didrovaltrate, but no significant effect on other characters was seen. The highest root and rhizome length was obtained from sowing date of 11th August and 120000 plants per hectare and the highest diameter of root and rhizome were obtained from the combination of 11th August and 40000 plants per hectare. The results showed that maximum amount of didrovaltrate was obtained from the combination of 22nd September and 40000 plants per hectare.
S. Davazdahemami; F. Sefidkon; M.R. Jahansooz; D. Mazaheri
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a completely randomized design was conducted in Esfahan province in 2007. Eight water salinity treatments (0.3-21 dS/m) with 3 replications were applied in the field. The seeds (at ripening) and foliage (initial flowering) ...
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In order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on ajowan (Carum copticum L.), a completely randomized design was conducted in Esfahan province in 2007. Eight water salinity treatments (0.3-21 dS/m) with 3 replications were applied in the field. The seeds (at ripening) and foliage (initial flowering) of ajowan were harvested. After drying the plant materials in shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. According to results seed and foliage oils percentage were 3.5-4.4 and 0.25-0.35 cc/100 g, respectively. Maximum seed and foliage oils yield were 8.3 and 2.4 cc/m2 and minimum were 3.5 and 1.5 cc/m2 in control and in 21 dS/m, respectively. Maximum biological and seed yields were 202.7 and 1367.6 and minimum were 96.7 and 739.5 gr/m2 in control and 21dS/m, respectively. The most important constituents of essential oil were: thymol (55.5% and 56.2%), γ-terpinene (22.5% and 26.9%), ρ-cymene (14.2% and 11.2%), limonene (1.9% and 0.5%) and carvacrol (0.3% and 1.4%), respectively.
S.S. Modarres Najafabadi
Abstract
The wheat and barley are the most important stored products and the agricultural stored product pests are the most important insects for this product. The resistance of insects, especially stored products pests to chemical poisons such as phosphin and malathion caused a lot of research about natural, ...
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The wheat and barley are the most important stored products and the agricultural stored product pests are the most important insects for this product. The resistance of insects, especially stored products pests to chemical poisons such as phosphin and malathion caused a lot of research about natural, physiological, biological and microbial control. Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. are important trees used for non-chemical control. In this study, the insecticide and repellent property ofneem leaf powder and Eucalyptus seed and leaf powder on Trogoderma granarium and Tribolium sp.were accomplished. Results for insecticide property at 8 treatments and 4 replications showed that LC50 for neem leaf powder on Trogoderma granarium was 5.4, on Tribolium sp.was 5.33gr/100gr. Eucalyptus seed powder on Trogoderma granarium was 5.98 and on Tribolium sp.5.63gr/100gr, LC50 for Eucalyptus leaf powder on Trogoderma granarium 6.86, on Tribolium sp.6.35gr/100gr. The results for repellent property at 4 treatments and 4 replications showed that the repellent property of neem leaf powder on Trogoderma granarium was 80% and on Tribolium sp. was 86.7%. The repellent property of Eucalyptus seed powder on Trogoderma granarium was 67%, Eucalyptus leaf powder was 50%, repellent property of Eucalyptus seed powder on Tribolium sp. 75% and Eucalyptus leaf powder 65%.
M.A. Soltanipoor; R. Asadpoor; A. Hajebi; N. Moradi
Abstract
Cultivation programming of medicinal plants is necessary for curing, limiting natural habitats, little reproduction and inexpedient cutting. In this investigation, the effects of pre-treatments on seed germination of Foeniculum vulgare L., Salvia sharifii Rech. et Esfand. and Abutilon fruticosum Guill. ...
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Cultivation programming of medicinal plants is necessary for curing, limiting natural habitats, little reproduction and inexpedient cutting. In this investigation, the effects of pre-treatments on seed germination of Foeniculum vulgare L., Salvia sharifii Rech. et Esfand. and Abutilon fruticosum Guill. et Perr. were conducted. Seeds of species were collected from their main habitates and tested for pre-treatments as sulfuric acid (for 5, 10 and 15 minutes), warm water, cold, KNO3 and control sample. Seeds were sown in Petridishes for 14 days. This experiment was complete randomized design with three replications. According to the results, applying sulfuric acid for 10 minutes as pre-treatment on seeds had higher values of seed germination percent and germination rate on Foeniculum vulgare, KNO3 on Salvia sharifii and sulphuric acid for 15 minutes on Abutilon fruticosum. The highest and lowest vigor index was in Salvia sharifii, 191.75 (control) and zero (sulfuric acid for 10 and 15 minutes), in Foeniculum vulgare 365.75 (cold) and zero (warm water) and in Abutilon fruticosum, 23.4 (sulphuric acid for 10 and 15 minutes) and zero (warm water, cold, KNO3 and control sample).
A. Fattahi Bafghi; A. Mahmoodzadeh Pournaki; S.H. Hejazian
Abstract
Different kinds of Lavandula species have been used traditionally throughout history. Lavandula extract (fragment oils of its flowers) is used in blood clotting treatment, neurological diseases and rheumatoid. In this research, the effects of suppress the immunosystem of the BABL/c mice, which were infected ...
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Different kinds of Lavandula species have been used traditionally throughout history. Lavandula extract (fragment oils of its flowers) is used in blood clotting treatment, neurological diseases and rheumatoid. In this research, the effects of suppress the immunosystem of the BABL/c mice, which were infected by cutaneous leishmaniasis, were studied.Sufficient twigs of Lavender flowers were minced and put in ehanol 80%. They were placed into the stirrer with magnets in room temperature for 24 hours, then separated. This compound was, first, sterilized and prepared as topica with concentration of 40, 60 and 80%. It was refrigerated until used. In the lab, 40 BABL/c mice were infected with the parasite Leishmania (L) major [MRHO/IR/75/ER]. They were divided into four control groups and a group that received 40, 60, and 80% concentration of the Lavandula extract. As soon as the leishmania lesion appeared, Lavandula extract was applied every two days. As well, the foot and size of the lesion were measured, the weight was also taken in all mice in the four groups by using ale and coliss (Mettler, Switzerland) every week. The mean of the measurement and weight of the mice that were received 40 and 60% of the Lavandula extract showed significant difference comparing with the mean of the weight of the mice in control group, but the mean of weight in the mice received 80% of the Lavandula extract did not show significant difference with the weight of mice in control group (P > 0.05). The mean of lesion size of the mice that received 40 & 60 of Lavandula extract showed significant difference with the lesion size in controls groups (P = 0.000), but the lesion size of the mice receiving 80 of the Lavandula extract did not show significant difference with those mice in control groups (P > 0.05). Using of the Lavandula extract, the process of weight decrease of the animal increase, and as much as the concentration of the Lavandula extract increase, the weight of the animal decrease. However, increasing the concentration more than 80%, showed no remarkable increase in weight of the animal. Totaly, in comparing to control group, the process of mortality was increased with weight decreasing and lesion size increasing, in mice receiving Lavandula extract. In addition, the death of the mice receiving Lavandula extract was more than the mice in control groups and their lesion size was wider with severe necrosis.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; M.H. Asareh; S.R. Tabaei Aghdaei; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Pigments are primarily responsible for the color of rose petals (the colorless flavonoids aid the intensification and stabilization of petals color). The aim of this research was extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol ...
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Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Pigments are primarily responsible for the color of rose petals (the colorless flavonoids aid the intensification and stabilization of petals color). The aim of this research was extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and quercetin in petals of Rosa damascena from western of Iran and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were collected on late April 2006. A 5 g fresh flower petals was blended with 30 ml of 9:1 methanol:acetic acid, the extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin glycoside compounds were extracted from ten samples. The highest kaempferol content were obtained from Kordestan (595 ppm), Qazvine (505 ppm), West Azarbaijan (484 ppm), and Ilam (483 ppm), and the lowest from Kermanshah (74 ppm), Hamedan (88 ppm) and Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (252 ppm). The highest quercetin glucoside contents were obtained from Ardabil (322 ppm), West Azarbaijan (312 ppm), Ilam (302 ppm), and Chahar Mehal (239 ppm), and lowest were from Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (77 ppm), Hamedan (80 ppm), Kermanshah (117 ppm) and Kohkiluyeh (Gachsaran) (158 ppm). According to these results, the best samples were obtained from west Azarbaijan (484 ppm kaempferol, 312 ppm quercetin), Ilam (483 ppm kaempferol, 302 ppm quercetin) and Ardabil (447 ppm kaempferol, 322 ppm quercetin).
H. Azarnivand; M. Ghavam Arabani; F. Sefidkon; A. Tavili
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium is one of the valuable medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This plant mainly grows in plaines, roadsides and mountainous regions. It is wound healer and because of having tannins, bitter and aromatic materials affects on the nervous system and heart. ...
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Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium is one of the valuable medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This plant mainly grows in plaines, roadsides and mountainous regions. It is wound healer and because of having tannins, bitter and aromatic materials affects on the nervous system and heart. Recent researches show that it has anti-cancer property. For sampling, this plant was selected from 2 height location with definite distance (100 meter) in Siahbisheh at full flowering stage in July 2007. The samples of inflorescences and leaves of plants and sample of soil of the root place were collected from 3 random points of each hieght at lenght of one transect (100 meter). Then air dried parts of the plants (80 gr) subjected to hydrodistillation for 2h using a Clevenger-type apparatus and essential oils analyzed by GC and GC/MC. There is no significant difference between the flower oil yields of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium in 2 height, while there is significant difference between the oil yields of leaves (p<0.01) and the highest percentage of leaf oil (0.1%) belong to 2100m. Study of relation among soil characters and height to these quantity show that there is relationship between nitrogen of the soil and this quantity that has negative correlation. Major components of flower oils were 1,8-cineole (14.4% and 8.2%), cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol (4.6% and 15%), E-caryophyllene (5.5% and 4.8%), -γmuurolene (4/4% and 5.2%), camphor (2.6% and 4.1%), eudesma-4(15), 7-dien-1-β-ol (3.7% and 6.4%) in 2100 m and 2200 m, respectively. The main components of leaf oils were 1,8-cineole (5.6% and 4.7%), globulol (7.6% and 8.7%), E-caryophyllene (5% and 3.2%), cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol (25.5% and 0.4%) E-sesqui lavandulol (2.3% and 12.8%) and E-sesquilavandulyl acetate (2.4% and 8.1%) at 2100 m and 2200 m, respectively.
Gh. Naderi; N. Jafari Dinani; N. Nejabat; M. Kelardasht; A. Jafarian Dehkordi; S. Asgary; R. Shami
Abstract
Disturbance in haemostatic system causes abnormal clots in vessels and thromboambolia. Streptokinas and urokinas are used for emergency treatment of thromboambolia. These drugs have certain limitations which cause serious and sometimes fatal consequences. Herbal preparations are considered to be safe ...
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Disturbance in haemostatic system causes abnormal clots in vessels and thromboambolia. Streptokinas and urokinas are used for emergency treatment of thromboambolia. These drugs have certain limitations which cause serious and sometimes fatal consequences. Herbal preparations are considered to be safe and without side-effects. Since in ancient times it was reported that Zataria moltiflora Boiss., Curcuma domestica Valet., Cinnamomum verum J.Presl and Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer present anticoagulant effects. This study performed to evaluate fibrinolytic effects of these plants. To evaluate fibrinolytic effects, labeled fibrinogen with FITC and Ca2+ was added to human plasma. Polyphenolic extracts (0.05, 0.5, 5, 50mg/ml) without and with streptokinas, were added to labeled clot. Fluorescence was determined after 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes (Ex=478, Em= 510). Our findings show that extract of Zataria moltiflora, Curcuma domestica and Cinnamomum verum reveal fibrinolytic effects (P<0.05). This effects are significant and dose dependable, but Heracleum persicum had no significant fibrinolytic effect (P>0.05). Fibrinolytic effects of streptokinase in presence Zataria moltiflora are increased significantly and dose dependably. This effect in presence of Curcuma domestica and Cinnamon only in 5 and 50 mg/dl are increased. Heracleum persicum does not affect fibrinolytic properties of streptokinase. The present study indicate that, Zataria moltiflora presents best fibrinolytic effect, then Curcuma domestica and Cinnamon verum respectively reveal significant fibrinolytic effect and could lysis blood clots in vitro. Consequently, we suggest that further studies to determine in vivo clot dissolving properties and active component(s) of these herbs for clot lysis are warranted.
M.H. Assareh; M. Sedaghati; Kh. Kiarostami; A. Ghamari Zare
Abstract
Eucalyptus is a growing tree used for agro-forestry, industrial and medical consumptions E. maculata Hook. is one of the most important species of eucalyptus from chemical components and medical applications point of view. The leaves of E. maculata were collected in various seasons from Khuzestan provinces ...
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Eucalyptus is a growing tree used for agro-forestry, industrial and medical consumptions E. maculata Hook. is one of the most important species of eucalyptus from chemical components and medical applications point of view. The leaves of E. maculata were collected in various seasons from Khuzestan provinces (tropical region station Dezfoul, Safi Abad). Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analysed by GC and GC/MS. The highest and the lowest essential oil yields were found in autumn and spring, respectively. Major compositions were 1,8-cineole (22.5% in winter), citronellal (15% in spring) and citronellol (35% in summer). The most perfumed compositions were in summer (46%). Also the most compound was citronellol in the whole seasons and citronellyl acetate amount had fixed in the whole year.
