In collaboration with Scientific Association of Iranian Medicinal Plants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. in plant physiology, Member of Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

2 Department of Plant Biology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran,

3 Department of Plant Biology, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

Abstract

Drought stress provokes ROS production in plant cell chloroplasts and subsequently causes lipid membrane peroxidation and damage. Pimpinella anisum L. is one of the aromatic herbal plants which has great export value. The aim of this study was applying exogenous ascorbate in order to control oxidative stress during drought tolerance. Changes of pigment content of leaves, total phenol compounds, malonedialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. In a pot study, drought stress introduced to treatments with 3 replicates based on 3 levels of field capacity (100, 60 and 25%) and ascorbate (1.4 mM) sprayed on them. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with increasing in stress levels, while flavonoids and anthocyanins increased. Carotene and xanthophyll increased only in moderate stress level due to drought. Exogenous ascorbate increased chlorophylls and carotenoid content but decreased flavonoid and anthocyanin contents and had great effect on increasing phenol compound in all stress levels. MDA content remained relatively constant, but increased significantly in severe stress levels. Applying exogenous ascorbate led to decreasing metabolite. According to the results exogenous ascorbate could increase the ability of Pimpinella anisum in response to drought stress with different mechanisms and had protective effect against lipid peroxidation due to drought stress.

Keywords

- Al Mofleh, I., Alhaider, A., Mossa, J.S., Al-Soohaibani, M. and Rafatullah, S., 2007. Aqueous suspension of anise (Pimpinella anisum) protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13(7): 1112-1118.
- Arslan, N., Gurbuz, B. and Sarihan, E.O., 2004. Variation in essential oil content and composition in Turkish anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture, 28: 173-177.
- Atesh, D.A. and Erdogrul, O.T., 2003. Antimicrobial activities of various medicinal and commercial plant extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 27: 157-162.
- Bogeat-Triboulot, M.B., Brosche, M., Renaut, J., Jouve, L., Le Thiec, D., Fayyaz, P., Vinocur, B., Witters, E., Laukens, K., Teichmann, T., Altman, A., Hausman, J.F., Polle, A., Kangasjarvi, J. and Dreyer, E., 2007. Gradual soil water depletion results in reversible changes of gene expression, protein profiles, ecophysiology, and growth performance in Populus euphratica, a poplar growing in arid regions. Plant Physiology, 143: 876-892.
- Bown, D., 1995. The royal horticultural society encyclopedia of herbs and their uses. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. London, 424p.
- Boyer, J.S., Ort, D.R. and Ortiz-lopez, A., 1987. Photophosphorylation at low water protential. Current Topics in Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, 6: 69-73.
- Coley P.D., Bryant J.P. and Chapin F.S., 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defence. Science, 230: 895-899.
- DaMatta, F.M. and Cochicho Ramalho, J.D., 2006. Impacts of drought and temperature stress on coffee physiology and production: A Review. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology, 18(1): 55-81.
- d'Arcy-Lameta, A., Ferrari-Iliou, R., Contour-Ansel, D., Pham-Thi, A.T. and Zuily-Fodil, Y., 2006.Isolation and characterization of four ascorbate peroxidase cDNAs responsive to water deficit in Cowpea leaves. Annals of Botany, 97: 133-140.
- Debolt, S., Melino, V. and Ford, C.M., 2007. Ascorbate as a Biosynthetic Precursor in Plants. Annals of Botany, 99: 3-8.
- Delazar, A., Biglari, F., Esnaashari, S., Nazemiyeh, H., Talebpour, A.H., Nahar, L. and Sarker, S.D., 2006. GC–MS analysis of the essential oils and the isolation of phenylpropanoid derivatives from the aerial parts of Pimpinella aurea. Phytochemistry, 67: 2176-2187.
- Hamad, A. and Hamada, A., 2001. Grain soaking presowing in ascorbic acid or thiamin versus the adverse effects of combined salinity and drought on wheat seedlings. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Photosynthesis. Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre, Queensland, Australia, August 18-23: PS2001.
- Heath, R.L. and Packer, L., 1968. Photoperoxidation inisolated chloroplast. I. kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.
- Hernandez, I., Alegre, L. and Munne-Bosch, S., 2004. Drought-induced changes in flavonoids and other low molecular weight antioxidants in Cistus clusii grown under Mediterranean field conditions. Tree Physiology, 24: 1303-1311.
- Hoekstra, F.A, Golovina, E.A. and Buitink, J., 2001. Mechanisms of plant desiccation tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 6(9): 431-438.
- Horemans, N., Foyer, C.H., potters, G. and Asard, H., 2000. Ascorbate function and associated transport system in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 38: 531-540.
- Jagtap, V. and Bhargava, S., 1995. Variation in the antioxidant metabolism of drought tolerant and drought susceptible varieties of Sorghum bicolor L. exposed to high light, low water and high temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 145: 195-197.
- Jensen, A., 1978. Chlorophylls and carotenoids . In Handbook of Phycological Methods: Physiological and Biochemical Methods (Hellebust, J. A. and Craigie, J. S., editors), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.59-70.
- Jeyaramraja, P.R., Meenakshi, S.N., Kumar, R.S., Joshi, S.D. and Ramasubramanian, B., 2005. Water deficit induced oxidative damage in tea (Camelia sinensis) plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 162: 413-419.
- Kirakosyan, A., Kaufman, P., Warber, S., Zick, S., Aaronson, K., Bolling, S. and Chang, S.C., 2004. Applied environmental stresses to enhance the levels of polyphenolics in leaves of hawthorn plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 121: 182-186.
- Kosalec, I., Pepeljnjak, S. and Kustrak, D., 2005. Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica. 55(4): 377-385.
- Lawlor, D.W. and Cornic, G., 2002. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation and associated metabolism in relation to water deficits in higher plants. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25: 275-294.
- Lee, H.S., 2004. P-anisaldehyde: A caricidal component of Pimpinella anisum seed oil against the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Planta Medica, 70(3): 279-281.
- Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E. and Navari-Izzo, F., 1999. Antioxidative defense system pigment composition and photosynthetic efficiency in two wheat cultivars subjected to drought. Plant Physiology, 119: 1019-1099.
- Mascher, R., Nagy, E., Lippmann, B., Hornlein, S., Fischer, S., Scheiding, W., Neagoe, A. and Bergmann, H., 2005. Improvement of tolerance to paraquat and drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by exogenous 2-aminoethanol: effects on superoxide dismutase activity and chloroplast ultra-structure. Plant Science, 168: 691-698.
- Matta, A.J. and Giai, I., 1969. Accumulation of phenol in tomato plant is affected by different forms of Fusarium oxysporum. Planta Medica, 50: 512-513.
- Morello, J.R., Romero, M.P., Ramo, T. and Motilva, M.J., 2005. Evaluation of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and phenolic profile in olive drupe (Olea europaea L.) from fruit setting period to harvesting time. Plant Science, 168: 65-72.
- Muller-Moule, P., Conklin, P.L. and Niyogi, K.K., 2002. Ascorbate deficiency can limit Violaxanthin De-Epoxidase activity in vivo. Plant Physiology, 128: 970-977.
- Mundree, S.G., Baker, B., Mowla, S., Peters, S., Marais, S., Vander Willigen, C., Govender, K., Maredza, A., Muyanga, S., Farrant, J.M. and Thomson, J.A., 2003. Physiological and molecular insights into drought tolerance. African Journal of Biotechnology, 1(2): 28-38.
- Munne-Bosch, S. and Penuelas, J., 2004. Drought induced oxidative stress in strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) growing in Mediterranean field conditions. Plant Science, 166: 1105-1110.
- Nogues, S. and Baker, N.R., 2000. Effects of drought on photosynthesis in Mediterranean plants growth under enhanced UV-B radiation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51: 1309-1317.
- Pinheiro, H.A., Da Matta, F.M., Chaves, A.R.M., Fontes, E.P.B. and Loureiro, M.E., 2004. Drought tolerance in relation to protection against oxidative stress in clones of Coffea canephora subjected to long-term drought. Plant Science, 167: 1307-1314.
- Pourgholami, M.H., Majzoob, S., Javadi, M., Kamalinejad, M., Fanaee, G.H.R. and Sayyah, M., 1999. The fruit essential oil of Pimpinella anisum exerts anticonvulsant effects in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 66(2): 211-215.
- Reddy, A.R., Chaitanya, K.V. and Vivekanadan, M., 2004. Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161(11): 1189-1202.
- Rosales, M.A., Ruiz, J.M., Hernandez, J., Soriano, T., Castilla, N. and Romero, L., 2006. Antioxidant content and ascorbate metabolism in cherry tomato exocarp in relation to temperature and solar radiation. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture, 86: 1545-1551.
- Sahraei, H., Ghoshooni, H., Salimi, H., Astani, S.H., Shafaghi, A.M., Falahi, B. and Kamalnegad, M., 2002. The effect of fruit essential oil of the Pimpinella anisum on acquisition and expression of morphine induced conditioned place preference in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 80(1): 43-47.
- Sairam, R.K., Deshmukh, P.S. and, Saxena, D.C., 1998. Role of antioxidant systems in wheat. Genotype tolerance to water stress. Biologia Plantarum, 41(3): 387-394.
- Smirnoff, N. and Wheeler, G.L., 2000. Ascorbic acid in plants: biosynthesis and function. Critical Review of Plant Sciences, 19: 267-290.
- Sofo, A., Tuzio, A.C., Dichio, B. and Xiloyannis, C., 2005. Influence of water deficit and rewatering on the components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in four interspecific Prunus hybrids. Plant Science, 169: 403-412.
- Solar, A., Colaric, M., Usenik, V. and Stampar, F., 2006. Seasonal variations of selected flavonoids, phenolic acids and quinines in annual shoots of common walnut (Juglans regia L.). Plant Science, 170: 453-461.
- Tattini M., Galardi C., Pinelli P., Massai R., Remorini D. and Agati, G., 2004. Differential accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamates in leaves of Ligustrum vulgare under excess light and drought stress. New Phytologist, 163: 547-561.
- Tirapelli, C.R., De Andrade, C.R., Cassano, A.O., De Souza, F.A., Ambrosio, S.R., Da Costa, F.B. and De Oliveira, A.M., 2006. Antispasmodic and relaxant effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) on rat anococcygeus smooth muscle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (JEP), 4378: 1-7
- Turkan, I., Bor, M., Ozdemir, F. and Koca, H., 2005. Differential responses of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the leaves of drought tolerant P. acutifolius Gray and drought-sensitive P. vulgaris L. subjected to polyethylene glycol mediated water stress. Plant Science, 168: 223-231.
- Watkinson, J.I., Hendricks, L., Sioson, A.A., Vasquez-Robinet, C., Verlyn, S., Heath, L.S., Schuler, M., Bohnert, H.J., Bonierbale, M. and Grene, R., 2006. Accessions of Solanum toberosum spp. andigena show differences in photosynthetic recovery after drought stress as reflected in gene expression profiles. Plant Science, 1-14.
- Wise, R.R. and Naylor, A.W., 1987. Chilling-enhanced photo-oxidation. The oxidative destruction of lipids during chilling injury to photosynthesis and ultrastructure. Plant Physiology, 83: 278-282.