Agriculture and horticulture
B. Yoosefi; F. Sefidkon; M. Mirza; M.H. Lebaschy
Abstract
Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. is one of the native savory species of Iran that has received much attention due to its high essential oil content and phenolic compound of thymol. Determination the most suitable and best planting density as well as soil fertility is very important in increasing ...
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Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. is one of the native savory species of Iran that has received much attention due to its high essential oil content and phenolic compound of thymol. Determination the most suitable and best planting density as well as soil fertility is very important in increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield of medicinal plants. In this study, to investigate the effects of plant density and feeding with organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of essential oils in Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey. under rainfed conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Research and Education Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Kermanshah province in 3 crop years (2018-2020). The main factor included 3 fertilizer treatments and the sub-factor was 3 densities (2.66, 4, and 8 plants per square meter) in rows with a distance of 50 cm and with 3 planting distances (25, 50, and 75 cm). Plant aerial parts were harvested at full flowering stage and their essential oil (EO) was extracted by hydrodistillation method. EO yield was calculated according to the plant dry weight and its chemical compounds were identified using GC and GC/MS. The results showed that percentage and EO chemical composition did not show any difference between the years. There was a significant difference between the fertilizer treatments for the percentage and EO yield and thymol, carvacrol, and other EO chemical compounds at the level of 1%. There was a significant difference between the planting densities only for EO yield. Thymol had a positive relationship with the treatments of enriched straw and then rotten cow manure and the highest amount (53.2%) was observed in the enriched straw treatment. Carvacrol with the highest amount of 9.2%, showed a positive relationship with the rotten cow manure treatment.
A. Kheiry; H. Tori; N. Mortazavi
Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from Lamiaceae family is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. In addition to therapeutic effects, it is used as flavoring in the production of various foods and medicinal products. In addition to genotype, the quality and quantity of active ingredients in medicinal ...
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Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from Lamiaceae family is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. In addition to therapeutic effects, it is used as flavoring in the production of various foods and medicinal products. In addition to genotype, the quality and quantity of active ingredients in medicinal plants are influenced by environmental factors. This research was aimed to study the effects of drought stress and jasmonic acid on the quality and quantity of peppermint as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design at University of Zanjan in 2015. The treatments consisted of three irrigation levels [50%, 75%, and 100% (control) of field capacity] as main factor and three concentrations of jasmonic acid (0, 50, and 100 mg l-1) as sub-factor. Rhizomes of plants were used for plant production. The plant samples were collected at flowering stage and after drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted with water distillation method by Clevenger apparatus. The essential oil components were identified by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight, height, total chlorophyll and relative leaf water content were obtained in control with 100 mg l-1 jasmonic acid. The highest peroxidase enzyme content was obtained at 50% field capacity drought stress with 100 mg l-1 jasmonic acid. The highest essential oil content was obtained at 75% field capacity drought stress with application of 50 mg l-1 jasmonic acid. The main essential oil components were menthol, menthon, 1,8-cineole, cyclohexanol, and methyl acetate. The highest amounts of menthol, menton, and 1,8-cineole were obtained from 100 mg l-1 jasmonic acid and the highest amount of cyclohexanol was obtained from 50 mg l-1 jasmonic acid. However, application of jasmonic acid decreased the amount of methyl acetate from 7.24% in control to 0.56% in 100 mg l-1 of JA treatment.
A Salimi; V. Rowshan; E. Khanpoor
Abstract
This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), ...
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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on quality and quantity of essential oil components and antioxidant activity in Achillea millefolium L. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design in greenhouse, controlled environment, with four treatments including 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl and four replications per treatment. The essential oil was first extracted and the active components of the essential oil were separated and identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. Then, the proline content in fresh leaf and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined. According to the results, the essential oil yield showed a significant increase at 150 mM NaCl. Regarding the essential oil composition, the main compounds were delta-cadinol, trans-beta-farnesene, α-Bisabolol, borneol, caryophyllene oxide, and menthone, showing an increase with increasing salinity. Some compounds such as sabinene, cis-β-ocimene, cis-γ-bisabolene were only detected in control treatment. Menthone, beta-bisabolene, epi-beta-santalene, and 1,8-cineole were only detected in the plants treated with salt. Proline content was increased with increased concentration of NaCl. The results showed that radical scavenging activity and reducing power of yarrow extract increased with increasing of salinity concentration. Our findings suggest that salt stress increases the antioxidant compounds in Achillea millefolium.
B. Yoosefi; H.R. Ghasempoor; B. Yousefi; S.R. Tabaeii Aghdaie; K. Jaimand
Abstract
Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an important medicinal and industrial species. To achieve more and better-quality essential oil identifying the superior accessions of Damask Rose and their genetic relationships is very important. For a detailed review of the relationship among the genotypes of ...
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Damask Rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is an important medicinal and industrial species. To achieve more and better-quality essential oil identifying the superior accessions of Damask Rose and their genetic relationships is very important. For a detailed review of the relationship among the genotypes of this species and variations in the essential oil composition, the use of multivariate statistical analysis could be useful. In this study, 25 different accessions of Damask Rose were collected from Kermanshah province and other regions of Iran and were planted in a randomized complete blocks design. The essential oil was extracted from the petals with hydrodistillation method. Essential oil composition was identified by using the gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the amount (percentage) of each composition was measured. Essential oil compositions were evaluated using cluster analysis. According to the results of cluster analysis, the accessions were grouped in four groups. Discriminant analysis confirmed the results of cluster analysis. Component analysis showed that the accessions were in four groups and there were four different trends among the accessions studied for the chemical compositions of essential oils. According to the correlation analysis, the two important factors, geraniol and citronellol, which increased the quality of essential oil compounds in damask rose, showed a significant positive relationship with each other and with citronellyl acetate and geranial.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; F. Sefidkon; M. Naderi; H. Keneshloo; M.Y. Achak; M. Farahpour; Sh. Karimi
Abstract
Moringa peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori is one of the species growing in tropical and desert areas and is distributed in the southeastern of the country in Hormozghan and Sistan and Balochestan provinces. Moringa peregrine is a desert shrub that can grow in areas with little rainfall, andit has a great nutritional, ...
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Moringa peregrine (Forssk.) Fiori is one of the species growing in tropical and desert areas and is distributed in the southeastern of the country in Hormozghan and Sistan and Balochestan provinces. Moringa peregrine is a desert shrub that can grow in areas with little rainfall, andit has a great nutritional, pharmaceutical, environmental, industrial and economic values. This research was aimed to determination of fatty acids in Moringa peregrina seed oil from different locations in Sistan and Balochestan province in 2009. Five samples were collected from five natural research stations. The oil content was determined by the Soxhlet method. The oil content obtained from Tong Fonoj, Keneshky, Bent, Begaband, and Dorahy Chanf sations were measured to be 54.6%, 50.4%, 52.4%, 53.2%, and 53.6% respectively. According to the obtained results, fatty acids content varied as follows: oleic acid (71.5-74%), palmitic acid (12.6-14.7%), Iso-oleic acid (3.6-4.5%), palmitoleic acid (3.3-4.7%), stearic acid (1.9-2.4%), Behenic acid (0.9-1.5%), gadoleic acid (0.4-10.9%) and Arachidonic acid (0.4-1.3%). Over 90 percent of the oil consumed in the country is imported from abroad. Our results clearly indicate that due to the amount of fatty acids in Moringa peregrina seeds, this plant can be considered as a new source for the production of vegetable oil and widespread food consumption.
A. Kheiry; F. Sefidkon; M. Delshad; M.R. Fattahi Moghaddam; A. Izadi
Abstract
Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, ...
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Achillea millefolium L. from Asteraceae family is considered as an important medicinal plant in the world and also in our country which has considerable secondary metabolites, especially essential oils. Active substances of this plant are used not only in old and modern medicine but also in hygienic, cosmetic and medical industry. In this research, we studied yield and chemical composition of yarrow essential oils from 15 different ecological regions of Iran. For essential oils isolation, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from habitats, in June and July 2009 at full flowering stage. Samples were dried at room temperature and the essential oils were prepared by hydrodistillation method.The oil yields were calculated on dry weight basis and the analysis of the essential oils was carried out by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that total content of essential oils was variable from 0.32 - 0.72% in different populations. The color of the essential oils varied from pale yellow to dark blue and a close relation was found between composition and color of the essential oils. According to the results, essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. in populations of Iran showed a great diversity with regard to the type of the chemical compositions (high chemical polymorphism). Regarding the major components of the oils, seven chemotypes were identified as follows: 1) 1,8-cineole, 2) p-Cymene, 3) cubenol, 4) chamazulene, 5) chrysanthenone + camphor, 6) Lavandulyl acetate + camphor, and 7) camphor + Limonene.
M. Salimi; A. Ebrahimi; Z. Shojaee Asadieh; S.S. Saei Dehkordi
Abstract
Due to side effects of chemical drugs, special attention is given to pharmaceutical plants recently. Mountainous celery with scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf., is one of the valuable pharmaceutical plants which is used in Iran seriously and is exposed to danger of extinction. This plant ...
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Due to side effects of chemical drugs, special attention is given to pharmaceutical plants recently. Mountainous celery with scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf., is one of the valuable pharmaceutical plants which is used in Iran seriously and is exposed to danger of extinction. This plant is indigenous of central Zagros Mountains (especially Chahar Mahal Bakhtiari province) and only has been observed in Iran. First, in order to consider the chemical constituents of this plant and discover its pharmaceutical characteristics, three ecotypes have been harvested. The ecotypes contained Kouhrang, Bazoft and Doaab Samsami ecotypes and samples were in 200 meter transact. In growth stage, samples were prepared for each ecotype and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were analysed by gas choromotography coupled with mass spectrometery and the major components of essential oils of three ecotypes were characterized. 24, 21 and 24 compounds were identified in the samples of Kouhrang, Bazoft and Doaab Samsami, respectively, which indicated 90.4%, 95.6% and 93.6% of total oils. Comparison of essential oils compositions showed the major compounds in all oils were Z-ligustilide, E-ligustilide, 3-n-butyl phthalide, kessane, spathulenol and globulol, which formed about 88.6% of them. The mean percentages of Z-ligustilide and butylidene phetalide in three ecotypes were 39.5% and 19.1%, respectively and these compounds totally presents 58.7% of the celery oil. Phetalid derivatives were 68.6% of celery oil.
