Volume 26, Issue 1 , May 2010
J. Ashrafi; N. Hassanzadeh
Abstract
During 2005-2006, many grapevine plants and soil samples were collected from Qazvin vineyards for A. tumefaciens. All plant samples have been surface sterilized prior culturing on nutrient agar medium (NA). The soil samples have been cultured on semi-selective D1M medium for ease isolation. All suspected ...
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During 2005-2006, many grapevine plants and soil samples were collected from Qazvin vineyards for A. tumefaciens. All plant samples have been surface sterilized prior culturing on nutrient agar medium (NA). The soil samples have been cultured on semi-selective D1M medium for ease isolation. All suspected colonies were restreaked on NA for pure culture collections. Based on key biochemical and pathogenicity tests, the crown gall bacterial isolates have been identified as A. tumefaciens. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of 15 plant essential oils and 2 copper compounds i.e. Bordeaux mixture (0.5%) and copper oxychloride (0.3%) against crown gall bacterium, different laboratory, greenhouse and field trails were conducted. Among these, the essential oil of the plant savory (Satureia officinalis) with 9 cm inhibition zones on NA exhibited the most promising antibacterial effect. Similar results were obtained with carrot discs, sunflower seedling assays and also grapevine gall treatments under natural single season field trail. In later case, gall development suppression was doubled compared to two copper compounds. This approach may lead to an alternative control measurement on bacterial crown gall disease management.
A.R. Yavari; V. Nazeri; F. Sefidkon; M.E. Hassani
Abstract
Genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) consists of about 250 species. Fourteen species grow naturally in Iran of which four are endemic. Different species of Thymus are used as tonic, carminative, digestive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant and for the cold treatment in Iranian traditional ...
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Genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) consists of about 250 species. Fourteen species grow naturally in Iran of which four are endemic. Different species of Thymus are used as tonic, carminative, digestive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, expectorant and for the cold treatment in Iranian traditional medicine. Chemical composition of essential oil of T. migricus Klokov & Desj.-Shost., a species grows in northwest of Iran, has been investigated in this paper. The aerial parts were collected from Ghushchi, Nazloo and Band regions from West Azerbaijan province in the middle of May 2008. Then air-dried flowering stems of the plant were submitted to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus according to the method recommended in British Pharmacopoeia. The essential oil was analyzed by combination of GC-FID and GC-MS. The total yields of oils based on dry weight were 1.5%, 1.7% and 1.4% (w/w) from Ghushchi, Nazloo and Band, respectively. Twenty, Eighteen and Twenty-one compounds were identified from Ghushchi, Nazloo and Band, respectively among which thymol (46.6-70.5%), γ-terpinene (6.2-16.7%) and p-cymene (4.0-6.2%) have been the three major and common constituents and also had high concentrations. With respect to high yield of essential oil and valuable phenolic compound in Nazloo specimen, it is suggested for medicinal applications.
L. Sadat Khorsandi; F. Javadnia; M. Orazizadeh; M. Abdolahi
Abstract
Regarding highly prescription of medicines, in recent years, herbal effects on prevention and treatment of toxicity induced by various drugs have received a great deal of attention. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has antioxidant and ...
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Regarding highly prescription of medicines, in recent years, herbal effects on prevention and treatment of toxicity induced by various drugs have received a great deal of attention. After water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) has antioxidant and detoxification activities. In this study protective effect of green tea extract on hepaotoxicity induced by acetaminophen has been evaluated. 32 male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group received only normal saline. Green tea extract group was fed by 7mg/l green tea extract for 30 days. 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was administrated to acetaminophen group. Experimental group recieved 7mg/l green tea extract for 30 days and a single dose of 500 mg/kg acetaminophen prescribed in 29th day. In 31st day blood samples were taken from jugular arteries for biochemical tests. Then the liver placed in 10% formalin for histopathology assessments. ALT (Alanin Teransferase) and AST (Aspartate Teransferase) reduced significantly in experimental group (p<0.05). Histopathology assessments showed that necrosis of liver, congestion of blood cells and accumulation of inflammatory cells also reduced in experimental group compared to acetaminophen treated mice. These finding suggest that Green tea extract might have protective effect on liver damage induced by acetaminophen.
S. Asgary; P. Rahimi; P. Mahzoni; N. Kabiri
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) has been used in Iranian traditional medicine in diabetes treatment. In this study the blood glucose and lowering effects of hydroalcoholic ...
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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae) has been used in Iranian traditional medicine in diabetes treatment. In this study the blood glucose and lowering effects of hydroalcoholic extract of walnut leaves have been investigated in Wistar rats. In this research 18 white male rats, with 180-220 g weight were randomly allocated into three groups with six rats each group: group 1 )nondiabetic control (group 2) diabetic control ( group 3 )diabetic rats treated with hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut leaves (200 mgkg-1 BW). Before the blood sampling, rats had been fasted for 16h, and then fasting blood samples were collected in tubes with heparin. Sampling was performed from the orbital sinus for estimation of blood glucose and others factors. After the blood sampling at the end of experimental period, pancreatic tissue removed from rat body. Then some sections were made and size of islets was investigated. The results indicated significant reduction in serum glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in the third group (P<0.05). Histomorphological investigation of pancreatic islets showed that the size of pancreatic islets is different among the experimental groups. The average of pancreatic islets size indicated significant reduction in diabetic group compared to other groups (P<0.05). This research showed that using walnut extract could be effective on regeneration of injured pancreatic islets in diabetic rats. Probably this effect related to antioxidant compounds in extract. It seems that increase in islet size is the result of remainder cells proliferation.
M. Sedghi; A. Nemati; T. Khandan Bejandi; A. Namvar
Abstract
In order to determine the effects of seed priming and foliar application of growth regulators on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and biophysicochemical traits of its grain, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Research ...
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In order to determine the effects of seed priming and foliar application of growth regulators on pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) yield and biophysicochemical traits of its grain, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was carried out at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Research Station with three replications. Treatments were seed priming (control, GA3 and NAA) and growth regulators, spraying (control, NAA, GA3 and NAA + GA3). Seed priming with NAA and spraying of NAA increased grain number per fruit more than two folds. In this treatment, number of immature grains decreased to minimum and reached to one-fifth of control. Fresh fruit yield per plant was higher in the same treatment and increased about two folds. Simple effects of priming on grain yield and fresh fruit yield was significant and maximum grain yield was achieved with NAA priming. Simple effects of growth regulators were significant on some traits, and maximum number of grains per fruit, fruit diameter, fresh fruit weight, grain yield and minimum number and percentage of immature grains have been achieved by NAA spraying. Grain oil and protein content respectively increased and decreased by GA3 foliar application, while NAA spraying had reverse order and decreased oil content and raised protein content. No treatment had significant effect on grain length and width, but GA3 spraying increased grain thickness. Consequently, it seems that foliar spraying of NAA could increase the grain yield in medicinal pumpkin, but it also has negative effect on active ingredients of grains which are soluble in oil. Furthermore, results of this study showed that spraying with GA3 produced greater grains containing more oil.
Z. Dehghan; F. Sefidkon; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; R. Kalvandi
Abstract
Different species from Labiatea family are used as spices and fragrance in food or as medicine for treatment of viral or microbial diseases in many countries. Labiatea family contains 46 genus and 410 species. One of the valuable and medicinal species of this family is Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. ...
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Different species from Labiatea family are used as spices and fragrance in food or as medicine for treatment of viral or microbial diseases in many countries. Labiatea family contains 46 genus and 410 species. One of the valuable and medicinal species of this family is Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. rigida (Boiss.). This species contains essential oil with pulegone as major compound. In this investigation, the effect of some ecological factors on essential oil content and composition of Z. clinopodioides was studied. The aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides have been collected at flowering stage from four habitats in Hamedan and Kurdestan provinces. The major parameters like altitude, side and slope percentage, soil characteristics and other species of plant were determined. The plant materials have been subjected to hydro-distillation in three replications to obtain their essential oils. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that ecological factors had significant effect (a=0.01) on oil yields. Identification of chemical constituents of the oils showed that main compounds (pulegone and 1,8-cineole) and minor compounds exist in different percentage in different habitats. Therfore, the ecological factors affected essential oil composition of Z. clinopodioides.
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi; S. Meshkizadeh; M. Naderi Haji Bagher Kandi; A. Bahmanzadegan Jahromi
Abstract
Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation ...
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Pimpinella deverroides (Boiss.) Boiss. is one of the nine endemic species of Pimpinella in Iran. It is distributed in Iran and Touran Regions. The plantwas collected at two consecutive years (2005 and 2006) from Lorestan province in flowering and seed stages. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation from the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed separately and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the stems and leaves, inflorescence and seed oils of P. deveroides, were 0.6%, 2.5% and 7.1% w/w, respectively in 2005 and 1.3%, 2.4% and 7.5% w/w in 2006. The yields of seed oils were higher than the yields of stems plus the leaves and inflorescence oils. Pregeijerene (35.5% to 67%) and Geijerene (8.2% to 14.1%) were the major constituents in all oils. According to this study P. deveroides is important for the highest quantity oil in seed.
L. Moein Najafabadi; P. Owlia; S. Mousavi Nadoushan; I Rasooli; H. Saderi; F. Sefidkon; M.H. Salari
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen with many virulence factors. In this study, the effects of sub-MICs of three essential oils on alginate production, biofilm formation, swimming, twitching and adhesion in P. aeruginosa have been evaluated. The plants (Zataria multiflora Boiss.,Myrtus ...
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen with many virulence factors. In this study, the effects of sub-MICs of three essential oils on alginate production, biofilm formation, swimming, twitching and adhesion in P. aeruginosa have been evaluated. The plants (Zataria multiflora Boiss.,Myrtus communis L. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.) were dried in shadow and were hydro-distilled for 90 minutes. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oils were determined by macrodilution method. The virulence factors in the mucoid P. aeruginosa 8821M were determined in the presence of sub-MICs (1/2, 1/4 and 1/8) of essential oils. The MICs of essential oils against P. aeruginosa for Z. multiflora, M. communis and E. camaldulensis oils were obtained 64, 64 and 64µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that all oils at 1/2 and 1/4 MICs significantly reduced all tested virulence factors. At 1/8 MICs, Z. multiflora oil had significantly reduced virulence factors, but another oils had different effects. This study showed that sub-MIC levels of Z. multiflora, M. communis and E. camaldulensisessentialoils affected alginate production, biofilm formation, swimming, twitching and adhesion in P. aeruginosa and it is probable to use these medicinal plants for treating.
M. Modaresi; M. Messripour; R. Rajaei
Abstract
Cinnamon is a plant with scientific name Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees which belongs to Lauraceae family. This plant has many pharmaceutical effects and one of the most important ones is increasing sexuality. This research considered the effects of Cinnamon bark extract on structure of testis tissue and ...
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Cinnamon is a plant with scientific name Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees which belongs to Lauraceae family. This plant has many pharmaceutical effects and one of the most important ones is increasing sexuality. This research considered the effects of Cinnamon bark extract on structure of testis tissue and number of sexual cells in Balb/c mice. First, samples separated randomly to six groups (four treatment groups and two groups as control and placebo), each group contained eight samples in a same condition. Cinnamon hydro-ethanol extract provided in different dose (50,100, 200 and 400mg/kg/2day) and injected intraperitonealy for 20 days to treatment groups and also used normal saline and ethanol for injecting to placebo group (Zero dose). The most important parameters evaluated in this research included: the testicles weight changes, probably histological changes in testis and change in number of sexual cells compared to control group. The number of primary spermatocytes and assess of histological properties were done with provided sections of seminiferous tubules using light microscope. Also, the spermatozoids were counted using hemocytometer lamel. The analysis of results indicated that no significant differences were observed in weight of testicles and histological properties in any group. The number of primary spermatocytes and spermatozoids could be increased significantly in dose of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/2day compared to other groups. Results indicated positive effect of cinnamon extract on male reproductive system because number of sexual cells increased significantly.
H. Najafzadeh; S. Esmailzadeh; H. Morovvati; R. Avizeh; M. Ezati
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an important factor for renal failure in dogs. Aminoglycosides including gentamicin could produce nephrotoxicity in dogs. The oxidative stress might be the case. Silymarin (extract seed of silybum marianum) is a potent antioxidant. In present study, the effect of silymarin ...
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Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is an important factor for renal failure in dogs. Aminoglycosides including gentamicin could produce nephrotoxicity in dogs. The oxidative stress might be the case. Silymarin (extract seed of silybum marianum) is a potent antioxidant. In present study, the effect of silymarin and vitamin E compared to gentamaicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The study has been conducted on dogs in 5 groups: group 1 has been kept as control and received saline. Gentamicin was injected in other groups once daily for 9 days. Vitamin E and silymarin were given in group 3 and 4 respectively. In group 5, vitamin E and silymarin were co-administrated. Renal tissue was microscopically examined by routine method and Hematoxillin-Eosine color. In histopathological examination of renal tissue, all groups (except group 1) had several changes especially glomerulonephritis; but this abnormality was not seen in group 4. The results showed, the silymarin and vitamin E have similar effect on gentamicin–induced nephrotoxicity in dogs; but in histopathological examination, the silymarin had better effect than vitamin E or their combination.
M. Alijani; M. Amini Dehaghi; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; S. Mohammad Rezaye
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 Kg from urea) and phosphorous fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 Kg from super phosphat treepal) on yield and essetial oil production of Matricaria recutita L. an experiment has been conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design ...
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In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 40 and 80 Kg from urea) and phosphorous fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 Kg from super phosphat treepal) on yield and essetial oil production of Matricaria recutita L. an experiment has been conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design in three replications at 2007. The results showed that there is significant difference in number and dry weight of flowers between nitrogen fertilizer treatments at the level of 1%. Treatment of 40 kg nitrogen by producing 742.2 flower and 20.63 gr dry weight had the highest yield. Control samples produced 507.06 number of flowers and 10.06 gr dry weight, which is at itś lowest amount. Among phosphorous fertilizers, there is significant difference and the highest yield refers to 60 kg phosphate in hectare. It produced 816.26 number of flowers and 30.17 gr dry weight. Thus, the best recommended treatment is 2nd level of nitrogen fertilizer and 3rd level of phosphate fertilizer, with 40 kg nitrogen and 60 kg phosphate in every hectare. There was no significant difference in chamazolene percentage in all treatments.
S. Mohsenzadeh; A.A. Amiri; N. Sayyadnia tayyebi
Abstract
Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable ...
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Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable amount of related compounds. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is the only native species of the family in arid and semi-arid of southern parts of Iran. In this research lapachol have been extracted from T. undulata inner bark stem that collected from near Darab in Fars province by three methods. The methods were heated methanol in microwave for 6 minutes, non-heated methanol and hot water at 90ºC temperature. The most effective extraction method was the heated methanol in microwave. According to this method, stem inner bark of T. undulata has 3.6% Lapachol in dry weight which is determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
M.H. Lebaschy; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Bakhtiary
Abstract
The extensive waste dry lands of Iran, shows necessity of selection and cultivation of tolerant and suite plants for more production, cover green and erosion inhibition under dry farming system. Effects of plant density on seed yield and yield components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Had been studied under ...
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The extensive waste dry lands of Iran, shows necessity of selection and cultivation of tolerant and suite plants for more production, cover green and erosion inhibition under dry farming system. Effects of plant density on seed yield and yield components of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Had been studied under Damavand dry farming in 2003-2007. This experiment was conducted under RCBD with using 3 plants densities and 4 replications. The results showed significant differences among the densities treatments in dry matter, seed yield, plant height, seed weight per plant and 1000 kernel weight in the third year. The Fennel yield's of dry matter in the first, second and third year of experiment were 1229, 779 and 2079 kg ha-1 and seed yield reached to 611, 280 and 712 kg ha-1, respectively. Finally Foeniculum vulgare could be considered as a tolerant and adaptable medicinal plant under dry land of Damavand and similar cold regions.
