Volume 26, Issue 3 , November 2010
S.F. Borgheei; H. Sarikhani; M. Chaichi; A. Kashi
Abstract
In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants ...
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In vitro induction of polyploidy using mutation agents is one of the medicinal plant breeding methods which has been employed to increase potential of secondary metabolites production. In this research, in order to induce polyploidy in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), in vitro regenerated explants were treated by colchicine at 4 different concentrations 0.00, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% for 24 and 48 h. Level of ploidy were identified in survival explants through root tip chromosome counting and leaf sample flow cytometry. Ten days after treatments, all colchicine-free treated explants were survived. Among the colchicine treatments (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%), the highest explants survival rate were observed in the 0.05% colchicine application for 24 h (63.8%). On the contrary, 0.2% colchicine treatment for 48 h showed the highest rate of explants lethality. Results of chromosome counting and flow cytometry analysis indicated both diploid and mixoploid plants in colchicines treated explants. More effective treatment of colchicine for induction of ploidy was observed in 0.05% colchicine treatment for 48 h as high as 33.3% mixoploid plants.
M. Farahpour; A.M. Abkenar; G.R. Notash
Abstract
Alga culture, due to its various applications, such as medicinal, hygienic-cosmetic plus food and forage, could be important to Iran. Vastness of Iranian sea shore, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, gives the opportunity of expansion of alga cultivation. Thus, alga of the same ecosystem should be selected. ...
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Alga culture, due to its various applications, such as medicinal, hygienic-cosmetic plus food and forage, could be important to Iran. Vastness of Iranian sea shore, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, gives the opportunity of expansion of alga cultivation. Thus, alga of the same ecosystem should be selected. In this experiment three algae, Sargassumilicifolium, Hypnea musciformis، and Cystoseira indica were selected and cultivated in tidal zone of Tiss, Chabahar, Iran. Selected cultivation system was “Fixed Bottom line method” which is easy for native population to practice. Results showed that after 60 days Cystoseira had reached to 18300 gr on each rope, almost 24 times more. Their length had increased up to 70cm. Sargassum weight reached to 13100 gr, 17 times more. Hypnea weight reached to 4100 gr, almost 9 times more than it's first weight.
F. Sefidkon; A. Bahmanzadegan; M. Golipour; V. Mozafarian; S. Meshkizadeh
Abstract
The genus Bunium comprised of 14 species in Iran, two of them (B. wolfi and B. lurestanicum) are endemic. Among these species, only B. persicum is famous and used in medicinal and nutrition industries. In this research, two other species of Bunium named as B. cylindricum (Boiss.& Hohen.) Drude and ...
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The genus Bunium comprised of 14 species in Iran, two of them (B. wolfi and B. lurestanicum) are endemic. Among these species, only B. persicum is famous and used in medicinal and nutrition industries. In this research, two other species of Bunium named as B. cylindricum (Boiss.& Hohen.) Drude and B. rectangulum Boiss.& Hausskn., were studied. At first, different parts of these plants were collected from their habitats. Different parts were separated and then dried. The dried plant materials were subjected to hydro-distillation for obtaining the essential oils. The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventeen components were characterized in the oil of aerial parts of B. cylindricum at flowering stage. Germacrene D (31.2%), dill apiol (26.9%), E- caryophyllene (11.6%) and germacrene B (7.1%) were the main constituents. 20 compounds were identified in the seed oil of B. cylindricum with dill apiol (25.8%), E- caryophyllene (15.4%), globulol (12.2%), spathulenol (7.2%) and germacrene D (6.6%) as main components. 11 compounds were identified in the seed oil of B. rectangulum with dill apiol (63.3%), Germacrene D (22.4%) and E-caryophyllene (5.1%) as main components. 21 components were characterized in the flower oil of B. rectangulum. Germacrene D (36.7%), Dill apiol (11.1%), bicyclogermacrene (16.5%) and E-caryophyllene (15.9%) were the main constituents. The results showed that the essential oils of both species contained mainly sesquiterpens, but the percentages of these compounds were different.
R. Omidbaigi; F. Fattahi; F. Fattahi; Gh. Karimzadeh
Abstract
Lemon thyme (Thymus× citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb) is a perennial sub shrub medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. This plant is a hybrid between Thymus vulgaris and Thymus pulegioides. It has been used as a diaphoretic and for bronchitis. The oil has been found to possess ...
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Lemon thyme (Thymus× citriodorus (Pers.) Schreb) is a perennial sub shrub medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. This plant is a hybrid between Thymus vulgaris and Thymus pulegioides. It has been used as a diaphoretic and for bronchitis. The oil has been found to possess antimicrobial and antifungal activity. This study aims to determine the best harvest time of Lemon Thyme (Thymus × citriodorus) for maximum herbal yield and quantity of essential oil. This research was done at the Botanical Garden of Zardband Company located in the northern Tehran, Iran. Aerial parts of 4-year-old plants were harvested from 10 centimeters of land at 4 stages including: before flowering, beginning of flowering, full flowering and fruit set in the beginning of June to the end of July and then were air dried in the shade. Harvest time had a significant effect on fresh and dry weight of aerial parts in 0.1% probability level. According to the results maximum amount of fresh and dry weight of aerial parts of T× citriodorus plant were obtained from full flowering and fruit set stages. Based on the results harvest time had no significant effect on the essential oil of T× citriodorus. Although the highest essential oil content (2.21%) was extracted at beginning of flowering stage but there was no significant difference among different phonological stages. In conclusion, more suitable time for harvesting of T×citriodorus to achieve the maximum yield of essential oil production is at fruit set stage.
A. Akbarzadeh; K. Jaimand; A. Hemmati; B. Khanjani shiraz
Abstract
The present study was carried out to collect, identify and determine medical plants dispersion in the Gilan province during 2001-2006. This study was carried out to identify tree and shrub species and herbaceous plants in the Gilan. For thes purpose at first the floristic list of Gilan was prepared, ...
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The present study was carried out to collect, identify and determine medical plants dispersion in the Gilan province during 2001-2006. This study was carried out to identify tree and shrub species and herbaceous plants in the Gilan. For thes purpose at first the floristic list of Gilan was prepared, then lirerature review of the plants parameters were used for indemnification of the plants. In this study, 342 species, 229 genuses belonging to 95 familities were distinguished. These results showed 24 species belonged to Rosaceae, 23 species to Labiatae, 19 species to Compositae and the others belonged to other plant families.
S.A.R. Valadabadi; H. Aliabadi Farahani; P. Moaveni
Abstract
In order to evaluate the beneficial impacts of nitrogen application on cumin species (Cuminum cyminum L.) some yield characters were investigated. The aim of this study were to investigate the interactive effects of different cumin spices and nitrogen application on essential oil content at Qazvin zone ...
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In order to evaluate the beneficial impacts of nitrogen application on cumin species (Cuminum cyminum L.) some yield characters were investigated. The aim of this study were to investigate the interactive effects of different cumin spices and nitrogen application on essential oil content at Qazvin zone (Ishmael Abad station). The experimental design was split plot method based on randomized complete block with four replicates. Certain factors including cumin species (Sabzevar, Bojnourd and Esfarayen localities) and nitrogen application (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1) were studied. Our final statistical analysis were indicated that cumin species had significant effect on plant values and highest essential oil yield, essential oil percentage, seed yield, thousand seed weight and harvest index were provided by species of Esfarayen locality and highest biological yield were provided by species of Bojnourd locality. Nitrogen treatment significantly increased plant values and although the highest biological yield, seed yield and thousand seed weight were obtained under 120 kg N ha-1 the highest essential oil yield, essential oil percentage and harvest index were achieved under 90, 60 and 30 kg N ha-1,respectively. The results of this study showed that the selection of species which performed well over a wide range of environment could increase quantity and quality yields of medicinal and aromatic plants and causes optimal usage in agricultural fertilizers.
A. Dadkhah
Abstract
This experiment was conducted in germinator in order to study the effects of water potential on seed germination, germination rate and seedlings growth of four medicinal plants as Trigonella foeaum-graecum L., Sesamum indicum L., Cannabis sativa L. and Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke. Four water potential ...
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This experiment was conducted in germinator in order to study the effects of water potential on seed germination, germination rate and seedlings growth of four medicinal plants as Trigonella foeaum-graecum L., Sesamum indicum L., Cannabis sativa L. and Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke. Four water potential were used including distilled water as control (0), -0.37, -0.59 and -0.81 Mpa which has been made by different salts (NaCl, CaCl2 and NaCl+CaCl2 in 5 to 1 molar ratio). The experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design with six replications. Results of variance analysis showed that effects of water potential, type of salt composition on germination percentage, rate of germination, root and shoot length were significant. With decreasing water potential, germination rate and percentage decreased. Of cource plants had different responses such as Sesamum indicum was not affected by decreasing water potential where as other significantly were decreased. The effect of salt composition was significant on rate and percentage of germination. The percentage of germination at lower water potential which was made by NaCl+CaCl2 significantly was higher than the same water potential made by only NaCl and CaCl2.
M. Ghorbanli; N. Adib hashemi; M. Peyvandi
Abstract
In this study, the sodium chloride and ascorbic acid interaction on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and (a+b), carotenoids), amount of soluble sugar and total protein in Nigella sativa L. were investigated in greenhouse condition. This experiment was conducted in randomized ...
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In this study, the sodium chloride and ascorbic acid interaction on growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a, b and (a+b), carotenoids), amount of soluble sugar and total protein in Nigella sativa L. were investigated in greenhouse condition. This experiment was conducted in randomized design based on three replications. Plants were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) and ascorbic acid (0 and 10 mM). In plants only exposed to sodium chloride, with the increase of sodium chloride concentration growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and protein amount decreased compared to control samples while, amount of soluble sugar increased. In plants exposed to sodium chloride and ascorbic acid, growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, amount of soluble sugars and total protein were higher compared to plants only exposed to sodium chloride. The result showed that spray of ascorbic acid (as an antioxidant) caused resistance against salt stress and decreased side effects of sodium chloride in Nigella sativa L.
M. Gharekhani; M. Ghorbani; M.A. Ebrahimzadeh; S.M. Jaafari; A.R. Sadeghi Mahoonak
Abstract
The present study was conducted to examine the efficiency of the traditional soaking extraction, Ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE) and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods on the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds extracted from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves with three different ...
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The present study was conducted to examine the efficiency of the traditional soaking extraction, Ultrasound-assisted extraction(UAE) and Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods on the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds extracted from nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves with three different solvents (water, 80% methanol and chloroform). In traditional method, water and chloroform solvents extracted the maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. In UAE and MAE methods, the effect of different extraction times, with used solvent type were examined. In UAE method, the water-90 min and chloroform-90 min treatments had extracted the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Also, between the times 60 and 90 minutes, no significant difference were observed (p<0.05). The best solvent-time treatments with maximum extraction contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in MAE method were water-9 min and methanol-9 min treatments. In MAE method, chloroform solvent had the lowest extraction contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and the extraction times were not significant. A comparison among the three methods revealed that the MAE method with water-9 min treatment (11.57±0.41) and traditional method (24 h) with chloroform solvent (13.64±0.53) had the highest extraction power of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, respectively.
A.M. Asaadi; A. Khoshnod Yazdi
Abstract
Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants that is found in natural sites of mountainous areas. This plant is important because of it's high content of essential oil. In traditional medicine, this plant is used for fever reduction, joints pain, rheumatism, inflammation ...
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Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is one of the medicinal and aromatic plants that is found in natural sites of mountainous areas. This plant is important because of it's high content of essential oil. In traditional medicine, this plant is used for fever reduction, joints pain, rheumatism, inflammation against and sore recovery. The present study was done to introduce ecological characteristic and dense cultivation on farm land and then using this plant in medicinal industries. This study was carried out in rangelands of Bojnourd in 2008. In this site, different parameters like climate characters, geology, stand type, codominant plant and vegetable variation, physical and chemical analysis of the soil were determined. The results showed that Dracocephalum kotschyi could be adapted in regions with semiarid cold climate, annual rainfall average of 320 mm and annual average temperature of 10.22 °C. Dracocephalum kotschyi have dispersed in northern and north- west slope and altitude 1600-1800 m of sea level in rocky area. The physical and chemical analysis of soil showed that the soil was very shallow with loomy texture, pH= 7.57- 7.6, EC= 0.555 ds/m and CEC= 11.475- 11.9 Cmol/kg. The stand type was Stachys inflata- Festuca ovina and the codominant plants were over 58 species. Average of canopy covers and density were 0.122%, 361 shrubs in hectare, respectively.
J. Cheraghi; A. Valadi
Abstract
Nature has served a rich repository of medicinal plants for thousands of years and impressive numbers of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, notably of plant origin. In this research anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Limonene have been been investigated. Anti-nociceptive ...
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Nature has served a rich repository of medicinal plants for thousands of years and impressive numbers of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, notably of plant origin. In this research anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Limonene have been been investigated. Anti-nociceptive activity was investigated using formalin test method. Anti-inflammation activity was investigated using xylene test method and for limonene production decantation method was used. For investigation of anti-nociceptive activity, limonene was injected to mice in three different doses as 20, 30 and 50 mg/kg. The results showed 50 mg/Kg injection had the maximum anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect.
S.M. Sharafi; I. Rasooli; T. Allahghadri; M.R. Jalali Nadoushan; M.B. Rezaei
Abstract
In the present study the antimicrobial, antioxidative, hematologic and cytotoxic properties of Citrus limon L. essential oil were studied. The bacterial strains sensitive to Citrus limon L. oil were in the following order: E. coli> K. pneumonia> S. aureus> Streptococcus faecalis> Candida ...
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In the present study the antimicrobial, antioxidative, hematologic and cytotoxic properties of Citrus limon L. essential oil were studied. The bacterial strains sensitive to Citrus limon L. oil were in the following order: E. coli> K. pneumonia> S. aureus> Streptococcus faecalis> Candida albicans> P. aeruginosa .The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the fresh oil were determined. The essential oils had good bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties except for P. aeruginosa. Antioxidative property of the oil was carried out by using beta-carotene bleaching test and the results were compared to the standard synthetic antioxidants. Lipid peroxidation inhibitions were comparable or higher than the synthetic antioxidant BHT and BHA. The oil concentration required for 50% free radical scavenging (IC50) was 22.81 μg/ml with total phenol contents of 57.43 μg GAE/mg for C. limon L. oil. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the blood sera of the rats gavaged with a daily dose of 100 µl oil increased. Therapeutic effects were noted as a result of feeding the rats with lemon essential oil. The volatile oil of lemon displayed cytotoxic effects on the human tumor cell line (Hela cells) and peripheral blood cells with the IC50 of 0.97 and 0.57μg/ml respectively. The results showed that the lemon oil might be consumed with precautions after dose determination.
O. Khorsandi; A. Hassani; F. Sefidkon; H. Shirzad; A.R. Khorsandi
Abstract
Water and soil salinity on the environmental agents limit plant growth and its productivity in Iran. Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum kuntz.) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of Anise Hyssop used in food industries, pharmacy, perfumery and ...
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Water and soil salinity on the environmental agents limit plant growth and its productivity in Iran. Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum kuntz.) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of Anise Hyssop used in food industries, pharmacy, perfumery and making soda. This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blocks design with six salt treatments including 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mM NaCl and four replications in green house. Some parameters such as growth, yield and content and composition of essential oil were modulated. The results showed that salt stress had significant effects on estimated parameters. Salinity decreased plant height, number and length of axillary shoots, steam diameter, length of internodes, number and area of leaves, fresh and dry weight of leave and shoot, herbal yield and amount of essential oil in pot. In the composition of essential oil β-pinene, myrcene, anisaldehyd and β-bourbonene increased and amount of linalool and methyl chavicol decreased. Also high salinity (100 and 125 mM) destroyed plants.
