Volume 34, Issue 1 , March and April 2018
H. Hasanvand; S.A. Siadat; A.M. Bakhshandeh; M.R. Moradi Telavat; A. Poshtdar
Abstract
In order to study the yield and some physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under different plant densities and sowing dates in Ahwaz city, an experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan ...
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In order to study the yield and some physiological characteristics of borage (Borago officinalis L.) under different plant densities and sowing dates in Ahwaz city, an experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Khuzestan Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Iran during 2016-2017. The treatments included sowing date as main plot in five levels (15 October, 5 November, 25 November, 15 December and 5 January) and plant densities as sub-factor in four levels (6, 10, 14 and 18 plant per m2) were considered. The results showed that delayed sowing (5 January) caused anincreased temperature at flowering stage and significantly reduced the grain yield and biological yield (182.22 and 1443.4 kg ha-1, respectively). The sowing dates of 5 November at a density of 10 plants/m2 caused the highest grain yield and oil yield with average values of 1243.82 and 437.47 kg ha-1, respectively. The sowing date of 15 October at a density of 14 plants/m2 caused the highest chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content with average values of 1.13 and 3.39 mg/g fw, respectively. A delay in sowing date from 15 October to 5 January led to a decreased relative leaf water content, cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content. High plant density per m-2 increased the plant height and biological yield and reduced the oil percentage. Sowing date had significant effects on all traits expect oil percentage.
H. Saify Nabiabad; M. Naierifard; M. Sharifani; Kh. Piri
Abstract
The tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an ornamental plant related to the agaves, planted around the word. The main purpose of this study was to investigation of various concentrations of Thymus vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and benzyl adenine on longevity and durability of tuberose cut flowers. ...
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The tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is an ornamental plant related to the agaves, planted around the word. The main purpose of this study was to investigation of various concentrations of Thymus vulgaris L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and benzyl adenine on longevity and durability of tuberose cut flowers. After extracting herbal extract and GC analysis, cut flowers were transferred to vessels containing preservative solutions. Then flowers were located in the controlled room. A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in this research. Design include effects of treatments on quality of flowers, percent of total dissolved solids, water absorbance, stem bending, flower diameter, fresh weight and dry weight. GC analysis indicated that there were some compounds in the extracts increasing the shelf life of cut flowers. The most longevity (13.75 days) was related to treatment of interaction of thymus extract (10%) and 50mg/l benzyl adenine. In conclusion, treatments of benzyl adenine and thymus extract inhibited the growth of microorganisms in preservative solutions that resulted in increased post-harvest longevity.
M. Hamidi; Sh. Rahimi; N. Mojghani
Abstract
In this study, the effect of probiotics, extract powder of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were investigated on blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and performance of broilers. Three hundred and thirty six broiler chicks (Ross 308) were housed in ...
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In this study, the effect of probiotics, extract powder of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) were investigated on blood parameters, immune response, carcass characteristics and performance of broilers. Three hundred and thirty six broiler chicks (Ross 308) were housed in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 14 birds in each experimental unit and reared on litter for 42 days. The treatments consisted of 1) basal diet + probiotic Hyprozyme, 2) basal diet + Bactocell, 3) basal diet + Prophyt (extract powder thyme + Hyprozyme + licorice), 4) basal diet + Phytobiotic (extract powder thyme + licorice), 5) control and 6) basal diet + antibiotic. The experimental diets were fed from day one until end of the experiment (day 42). Statistical analysis of data showed significant difference (P≤0.05) of FCR in probiotic Hyprozyme group ratio compared to the control group. Feed consumption was lowest (P≤0.05) in treatment 1 compared to others. The treatments had no significant effect on carcass characteristics. The relative weight of bursa Fabricius in antibiotic supplemented group was significantly different with treatment 3 (P≤0.05). Statistical analysis of the results showed significant difference (P≤0.05) of serum cholesterol in Bactocell group compared to control group. Addition of Haprozym to basal diet significantly increased (P≤0.05) the total protein and triglyceride levels compared to control group. Serum globulin was statistically higher (P≤0.05) in treatments 1, 3 and 4 compared to control group. The highest antibody titer against SRBC was observed in Bactocell group compared to control group (P≤0.05). Overall, it can be stated that the use of resources such as hypro-zyme (732gr/ton) and phytobiotic can be introduced as antibiotic alternatives in poultry production.
A. Vaez Shahrestani; F. Sefidkon
Abstract
The genus Achillea, with 19 different species, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with aromatic properties. Achillea biebersteinii Afam. has medicinal properties and commonly used as a medicinal plant. Different parts of Achillea have anti-bacterial, anti- inflammation, anti- allergy and antioxidant ...
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The genus Achillea, with 19 different species, is a perennial and herbaceous plant with aromatic properties. Achillea biebersteinii Afam. has medicinal properties and commonly used as a medicinal plant. Different parts of Achillea have anti-bacterial, anti- inflammation, anti- allergy and antioxidant usage in tradition and modern medicine. In order to compare the quality and quantity of essential oils of flowering shoot, the seeds of Achillea were collected from Golestan province and cultivated in the farm of Abolrz Research Station. Aerial parts (flower, leaf and shoot) were separately collected and dried in shade condition. The essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The highest and lowest essential oil yield was recorded for leaf (0.74%) and shoot (0.03%), respectively. The total essential oil yield of flowering shoots and flowers were 0.6% and 0.34%, respectively. The major components in the shoot essential oil were 1,8-cineole (15.1%), camphor (24.0%); in leaves:1,8-cineole (40.4%), artemisia ketone (28.1%), camphor (10.3%); in flowers: 1,8-cineole (41.3%), (24.3%), camphor (15.6%); and in flowering shoots: 1,8-cineole (35.4%), artemisia ketone (30.6%), camphor (16.2%). Based on the results of this research, the highest amount of artemisia ketone and camphor were found in the flowering shoots and the highest amount of 1,8-cineole in leaves and flowers.
M. Faraji; K. Poursakhi
Abstract
Iranian Borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) is a herbaceous, biennial or perennial herb and an important medicinal plant of the Boraginaceae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of ...
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Iranian Borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) is a herbaceous, biennial or perennial herb and an important medicinal plant of the Boraginaceae family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biological and organic fertilizers on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Iranian Borage. This study was carried out in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates. The treatments included vermicompost fertilizer at three levels with the volume ratio of 10, 20 and 30 percent; chicken manure at three levels with the volume ratio of 5, 10 and 20 percent; biosulfur fertilizer at 5, 10 and 15 grams; nitroxin fertilizer at 5, 10 and 15 ml of water for seed; humics fertilizer at three levels of 100, 200 and 300 grams in 5 ml of water for seed, and control pots. Features such as plant height, stem number, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, number of flower, calyx length, corolla length, dry weight and the amount of anthocyanin and flavonoid were measured in three wavelengths of 270, 300 and 330 nm. The results indicated that different levels of biological and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on morphological and phytochemical characters. In general, humics fertilizer (300 grams) was the best treatment for increasing the number of stem and number of flowers, and chicken manure (20 percent) and vermicompost (30 percent) were the best treatments in terms of impact on the anthocyanin level, and humics fertilizer (300 grams) and chicken manure (10 and 20 percent) were the best treatments in terms of impact on the flavonoid level. Due to the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers and the favorable effects observed for biological and organic fertilizers, the use of biological and organic fertilizers is recommended in order to cultivate Iranian Borage.
F. MalekMaleki; N. Abasi; E. Sharifi Ashoorabadi; M. Barari; M.J. Zare
Abstract
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of row spacing on yield (performance), morphological indices and essential oil content of two ecotypes of Thymbra (Thymbra spicata L.) in field growing conditions during two years of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on ...
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This research was conducted to investigate the effect of row spacing on yield (performance), morphological indices and essential oil content of two ecotypes of Thymbra (Thymbra spicata L.) in field growing conditions during two years of 2016 and 2017. The experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University. The treatments consisted of three-row spacing (20, 30 and 45 cm) and two ecotypes (Malekshahi and Sumar). The results of the combined analysis revealed that plant spacing and ecotypes had a significant effect on many parameters such as dry matter yield of leaf and plant, percentage, essential oil yield, leaf area index, number of branches, number of flowers per plant and plant height. The comparison of the mean for simple and interaction effects of parameters showed that when row distance between plants increased up to 30 cm, plant dry matter yield, leaf area index, the number of branches and canopy diameter increased in the plant. According to the positive correlation of these parameters with essential oil yield, the highest yield of essential oil was observed in this treatment. Among the two ecotypes, the Malekshahi ecotype was superior to Sumar in terms of dry matter yield of leaf and plant, essential oil, percentage and yield, number of branches, canopy diameter and leaf area index. The results of two-year planting of Thymbra spicata indicated that the highest dry matter of plant yield, leaf area index, number of branches, canopy diameter, length of inflorescence and essential oil percentage were achieved in the second year of cultivation in the row spacing of 30 cm and Malekshahi ecotype.
S.J. Sanei; S.E. Razavi
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro use of Croccus sativus L. (saffron) stigmas in the control of Aspergillus species which is a notable causative agent of food rot and mycotoxins. Antifungal activities of saffron stigmas and toxin production were tested against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ...
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This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro use of Croccus sativus L. (saffron) stigmas in the control of Aspergillus species which is a notable causative agent of food rot and mycotoxins. Antifungal activities of saffron stigmas and toxin production were tested against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus in vitro. Saffron dried stigmas (0, 5, 10 mg ml-1) were added in Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) medium and dry weight of the mycelium was measured after 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after inoculation. Colorimetric procedure was used for safranal content in tested saffron and thin layer chromatography for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination. Results indicated that the amounts of crocin, picrocrocin and safranal in saffron sample were 231±0.52, 87.16±0.85 and 34.86±0.25 mg. g-1 dw, respectively. When saffron was added at concentration of 10 mg·ml-1 to YES inoculated with Aspergillus species, mycelium growth decreased by 29-32% compared to control cultures without saffron addition. Conclusively when saffron was added to YES inoculated, AFB1 production decreased from 5µg·ml-1 to not detectable level compared to control cultures without saffron addition. The growth and AFB1 reduction were not significantly different betweenAspergillus species. The results suggest that saffron can be used in pharmaceutical and food formulations to inhibit Aspergillus species and toxin production.
M. Khajeh Haghverdi; M.R. Ardakani; B. Abbaszadeh; P. Nejatkhah Manavi
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. ...
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In order to investigate the effect of vermicompost, biochar and mycorrhizal symbiosis on some qualitative and quantitative traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) as a medicinal plant, a split factorial experiment was implemented in the form of randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The study was conducted at the experimental field of Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Mahdasht, Iran, in 2016. The factors were characterized as vermicompost in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) as the main factor, biochar in three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha) and mycorrhiza in two levels (non inoculation and inoculation) as the sub factors. Results showed that the main effect of factors on the mycorrhizal symbiosis percentage and grain phosphorus content was significant (P˂0.01). Analysis of variance between the interaction effects of vermicompost × biochar were significant on the LAI, dry fruit yield, grain yield and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (P˂0.01) as well as on the number of lateral stem (P˂0.05). Mean comparison of the interaction effect of vermicompost × biochar showed that the application of 12 (ton/ha) vermicompost along with 12 (ton/ha) biochar resulted in the highest amount of LAI (12.28), number of lateral stem (13.33 number/ plant), dry fruit yield (619.51 kg/ha), grain yield (410.02 kg/ha) and dry weight ratio of grain to fruit (66.17%). Therefore, the use of vermicompost along with biochar is recommended in production of pumpkin.
A. Mohammadi; M. Amini Dehaghi; M.H. Fotokian
Abstract
In order to study the application of humic acid and different irrigation regimes on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three accession of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University in 2016. This ...
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In order to study the application of humic acid and different irrigation regimes on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three accession of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University in 2016. This experiment was a factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Experimental factors included three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, irrigation after flowering stage and irrigation after grain filling stage), foliar application of humic acid with two levels (0 and 200 mg/lit) and three cumin accessions (Esfahan, Kashan and Sabzevar). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of irrigation regime*humic acid*accession had significant effect on single plant dry weight, grain yield, harvest index, chlorophyll a and total. The results showed that the highest single plant dry weight and grain yield were obtained in complete irrigation and humic acid application. Kashan accession had the highest branch number per plant, dry weight per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, grain yield and biological yield. The highest percentage of essential oil yield was observed in Sabzevar accession. The highest grain yield (533.3 kg/ha) was obtained in complete irrigation with the use of humic acid in Kashan accession. The highest average dry matter yield (230 kg/ha) was obtained in complete irrigation with the use of humic acid for Sabzevar accession. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and total was observed in irrigation after flowering stage and lack of application of humic acid in Sabzevar accession. The application of humic acid was not significant on the traits evaluated. The most efficiency of humic acid was obtained in full irrigation. According to the results of this experiment, it can be stated that full irrigation and application of humic acid can increase the yield of Kashan accession in similar experimental conditions.
F. Ahmadi; M. Modarresi; M.A. Kohanmoo
Abstract
Despite the importance of the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the world, there is little information about the genetic variation within and between its populations in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of ...
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Despite the importance of the German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), as one of the most widely used medicinal plants in the world, there is little information about the genetic variation within and between its populations in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of 15 chamomile populations based on morphological characteristics in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Height, flower diameter, receptacle diameter, fresh flower weight, dry flower weight, wet biomass, dry biomass, flowering index, essential oil percentage and Chamazulene percentage were analyzed. The populations had a significant difference for all traits (P≤0.01). The phenotypic and genotypic variation was obtained to be more than 60% for dry weight, dry mass and Chamazulene content. Significant values were recorded for the heritability of the traits including percentage of kemazolen (94.04), the wet biomass (93.93), plant height (90.59), flower diameter (86.52), dry flower weight (84.15), and dry biomass (83.08). The highest and lowest yield (kg/ha) were related to Hamedan (9700) and Eurea (753.33) populations, respectively. The highest percentage of Chamazulene and essential oil content were obtained from Dehroud (14.10) and Jam-o-Riz (0.61), respectively. The flower diameter had the highest correlation (0.62) with the percentage of essential oil. Regression analysis for essential oil percentage as the dependent variable was performed and four traits including flower diameter, height, and fresh weight of flower were introduced into the model, explaining 59% of the variation. In the path analysis for essential oil percentage as the dependent variable, the highest direct effect was related to the fresh weight of flower (1.09) and the highest indirect effect was related to the fresh weight of flower (1.06). The cluster analysis grouped the populations into three groups that did not follow geographical distribution.
M. Amini; S. Yousefzadeh; K. Sadat-Asilan
Abstract
In order to study the effects of iron, zinc and manganese sulfate on essential oil percentage, yield and composition in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016.Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar ...
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In order to study the effects of iron, zinc and manganese sulfate on essential oil percentage, yield and composition in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016.Experimental treatments consisted of control, foliar application of iron, zinc, manganese, iron+zinc, iron+manganese, zinc+manganese and iron+zinc+ manganese. Results showed that foliar application of microelements had significant effects on all traits studied except cis-pinocamphone. Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese treatment produced the maximum essential oil percentage (0.6%) and essential oil yield (30.44 Kgha-1). Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese treatment increased essential oil percentage up to 50% compared to the control treatment. β-pinene, trance-pinocamphone, pinocarvone and cis-pinocamphone formed 75 to 90% of the oil components. Foliar application of iron + zinc + manganese and control treatments produced the highest (89.4%) and the lowest (77.1%) values of total β-pinene, trance-pinocamphone, pinocarvone and cis-pinocamphone, respectively. Therefore, results showed that the foliar application of Zn+ Fe+ Mn could be used as a suitable management strategy to reach the optimum essential oil yield and composition in hyssop.
B. Moien Vaziri; Gh. Khajoei-Nejad; M. Sarcheshmehpour
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, ...
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The present study investigates the effects of some mycorrhizal fungi with different fertilizer treatments on vegetative characteristics and Cuminum cyminum L. yield components. For this purpose, first experiments were carried out on rhizosphere soil of several plants of Apiaceae family (Bunium persicum, Cuminum cyminum and Coriandrum sativum), and according to the results, the superior isolate (isolate of Coriandrum sativum 3), which had the highest percentage of colonization, was selected for mass production of inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi. Then, the main experiment was performed on Cuminum cyminum in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design.Treatments including control and different levels of fertilization at two levels without inoculation and inoculation with mycorrhiza were accomplished in greenhouse with four replications. The results of data analysis indicated that the traits related to the shoot (stem height and diameter, fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of flowers per plant), root traits (root volume and length), and the percentage of colonization were significantly (at 1% probability) affected by the combined use of mycorrhiza with chemical fertilizer, leading to improved vegetative properties and yield components in Cuminum cyminum. Combined consumption of mycorrhiza and fertilizer except micro elements (T5) in all traits was the best treatment. No significant difference was observed between fertilizer treatments and control treatment; however, with the presence of mycorrhizal fungi, the difference was significant among the traits studied.
Z. Bitarafan; H.R. Asghari; T. Hasanloo; A. Gholami; F. Moradi
Abstract
High demand for herbal medicines and the limited plant sources necessitates more research on these plants to increase their yield and effective compounds. The present study assessed the effect of biochar on yield and seed trigonelline content of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) ecotypes under ...
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High demand for herbal medicines and the limited plant sources necessitates more research on these plants to increase their yield and effective compounds. The present study assessed the effect of biochar on yield and seed trigonelline content of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) ecotypes under different irrigation regimes. Six branched fenugreek ecotypes including Dezful, Shushtar, Ardestan, Rehnan, Yazd and Khomeyni Shahr were treated by biochar application (at a rate of 7-8% of soil v/v) and non-application under two irrigation intervals of 4 (normal irrigation) and 8 (deficit irrigation) days using a split plot factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The study was conducted in the research field of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran in 2015. According to the results, biochar application increased the seed yield and biological yield under both irrigation intervals. The decreasing effect of increasing water intervals on seed yield, biological yield and trigonelline yield was observed in all ecotypes. Changes in seed trigonelline content did not follow a similar trend in different ecotypes. In summary, although biochar prevented the growth and yield reduction by decreasing water deficiency effects, itdid not have any significant effect on seed trigonelline content.
S. Kiani; S.A. Siadat; M.R. Moradi Telavat; A. Poshtdar
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the effects of humic acid and irrigation cut on yield, yield component and water use efficiency of three fennel ecotypes (Foeniculum vulgare L.) at the reproductive stages. The study was carried out in Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan ...
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The study was carried out to assess the effects of humic acid and irrigation cut on yield, yield component and water use efficiency of three fennel ecotypes (Foeniculum vulgare L.) at the reproductive stages. The study was carried out in Agriculture and Natural Resources Science University of Khuzestan in a factorial split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2016-2017. Irrigation regimes (complete irrigation, irrigation cut from flowering stage, irrigation cut from grain filling stage) and foliar application of humic acid (no application and foliar application of 400 mg.l-1) were placed in main plots by a factorial arrangement, and three ecotypes (Isfahan, Hamadan, Bushehr) were placed in sub plots. The results showed that the highest plant height (157.86 cm) was obtained from complete irrigation and Esfahan ecotype (153.6 cm). The highest number of sub branches (10.14) was obtained by foliar application of humic acid and Esfahan ecotype (10.16). The irrigation cut from flowering stage caused reduced thousand grain weight. The highest umbel per umbrella (24.52), grain yield (1876.95 kg.ha-1) and irrigation efficiency (531.99 grams per cubic meter) were obtained under complete irrigation with foliar application of humic acid. The highest number of umbrella was obtained from Bushehr ectype under complete irrigation conditions. Generally, Bushehr ecotype with complete irrigation and foliar application of humic acid is recommended in terms of higher grain yield, yield components and irrigation efficiency.
