M. Najafpour Navaei
Volume 6, Issue 1 , September 2000, , Pages 1-12
Abstract
In order to investigate about the effect of chemical fertilizer on seed yeild of Atropa belladonna this project was began in greenhouse during autumn 1993. After this time the plant transfered to field inspring. We used chemical fertilizer (Urea & Super phosphate triple) in a complately randomized ...
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In order to investigate about the effect of chemical fertilizer on seed yeild of Atropa belladonna this project was began in greenhouse during autumn 1993. After this time the plant transfered to field inspring. We used chemical fertilizer (Urea & Super phosphate triple) in a complately randomized block design with 15 treatment and 4 replicate. The results indicated that seed yeild under fertilizer condition were more than non fertilizer and nitrogen had a important role on seed yeild.
E. Sharifi Ashorabadi; A. Ghalavand; Gh. Noormohammadi; A. Matin; Gh. Amin; P. Babakhanlou; M.H. Lebaschi; F. Sefidkon
Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2001, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
The effect of different amounts of fertilizers, N.P.K., manure, as well as mixture of them in an expriment was investigated at Alborz Research Center, karaj, IRAN in 1996-97. The effects of the fertilizers were studied on seed and shoot yield of Fenel (Foeniclum vulgare), system treatments include various ...
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The effect of different amounts of fertilizers, N.P.K., manure, as well as mixture of them in an expriment was investigated at Alborz Research Center, karaj, IRAN in 1996-97. The effects of the fertilizers were studied on seed and shoot yield of Fenel (Foeniclum vulgare), system treatments include various levels of net chemical fertilizers, N.P.K., used in comercial or chemical agricultural systems as well as different levels of manure used in sustainable or organic systems, and a mixture of different ratios of fertilizers and manure used in mixture systems, and the control (with any fertilizer or manure). The expriment was condacted using completely Randomized Block Exprimental design with three replications. The results of first and second years of the expriment showed that in chemical systems, seed and straw had a higher performace in treatments 5(N=160 P= 128 and K=160 Kgha') and No.4 (N=120, P=96 and K=120 Kgha), which equalled 901.33 and 4326.2 Kgha?, respectively while in organic systems related to treatment No.13(40 tonh' manure) that resulted 947.17 and 5147.2 Kgha'', While the highest yield of seed and straw in mixture agroecosystems belonged to treatment No.10 (a mixture of 25 tons of manure with N=60, P=48 and K=60 kgha! chemical fertilizers) with seed an straw yield 1182.67 and 6627 Kgha, respectively. In comparison with the control treatment, seed and straw yield increase were: 69.37% and 31.49% for net chemical system; 122.23% and 101.43% for mixture system; and 77.98% and 56.44% for organic system respectively. The combined analysis of data from two consecutive years of the expriment indicated that shoot biomass of plant, seed & straw yield in mixture systems in comparison to net chemical and organic systems, rised significantly, which is comparisonly more tangible in the second year. This results could be related to that mixture of chemical fertilizer and manure, which is a nutritive source for the plant and plays an important role in improvment of chemical and physical structure of soil.
F. Askari; M. Mirza; M. Golipour; S. Fekri Qomi
Abstract
The genus Achillea has 19 species of herbaceous, perennial and aromatic plant in Iran. This genus of compositae family has complex characteristics. Chamazolene is a major component of essential oil of inflorescence and leaf, reported to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A. millefolium ...
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The genus Achillea has 19 species of herbaceous, perennial and aromatic plant in Iran. This genus of compositae family has complex characteristics. Chamazolene is a major component of essential oil of inflorescence and leaf, reported to be used in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A. millefolium L. subsp. elbursensis is an endemic subspecies of Iran and no studies have been conducted on the cultivation of this species; therefore a preliminary study was conducted on the cultivation and its effect on secondary metabolites. For this purpose, the seeds of Achillea were collected from Dizine area in October 2016. The seeds of Achillea were cultivated in a greenhouse at the beginning of March and seedlings were transplanted to the farm in late April 2017.At flowering stage in August, aerial parts were collected in two consecutive years to obtain the essential oils. To compare the essential oil of cultivated samples with habitat samples, the aerial parts of Achillea were collected from Dizin at the flowering stage in August 2017. The plant parts including leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and were crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The color of A. millefolium essential oils was dark blue. The yields of A. millefolium essential oils of leaf and inflorescence (w/w dried weight) from habitat samples were 0.11% and 0.53%, respectively, and from cultivated samples were 0.28% and 0.50% in 2017 and 0.26% and 1.30% in 2018, respectively. Chamazulene was the major constituent of leaf (5.7%) and inflorescence (52.5%) oils in the habitat samples. The content of this compound in cultivated samples was 50.6% and 67.1% in the first year, and 59.6% and 71.3% in the second year, respectively. Another major constituents were caryophyllene alcohol, caryophyllene oxide, camphor, borneol and b-eudesmol. Chamazulene as major compound of the oil, found in all aerial parts of cultivated samples, while, it was found only in the inflorescence of wild sample.
M.H. Pezeshki; J. Motamedi; A. Alijanpour; M. Souri; M.R. Najibzadeh; H. Arzani
Abstract
It is important to determine the suitability of rangelands for the utilization of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to introduce some of the criteria and indicators, influencing the rangelands suitability for medicinal plants exploitation and to investigate the differences between the results ...
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It is important to determine the suitability of rangelands for the utilization of medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to introduce some of the criteria and indicators, influencing the rangelands suitability for medicinal plants exploitation and to investigate the differences between the results of using different approaches of suitability determination. To this end, the suitability of the Arshad Chaman rangeland was evaluated in terms of the utilization of medicinal plants. The results showed that according to the limiting factor method (a common method of determining the suitability of rangelands), 2, 6 and 77 percent of rangelands had respectively good, moderate and low suitability and 15 percent were not suitable for utilization. The mathematical method (using hierarchical analysis process) showed 4, 26, and 45 percent of the rangelands as good, moderate, and low suitability, respectively, and 25 percent as inappropriate for exploitation. The application of the theoretical method (MSMPE) also showed that 39 and 61 percent of the rangelands had respectively good and moderate suitability. In general, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the classes of suitability obtained by the limiting factor and the mathematical methods; however, there was a difference between the classes obtained by the limiting factor and MSMPE methods, and different classes of suitability were obtained for a given area of rangeland in these three methods. Therefore, it is recommended to test the accuracy of the findings of the present study to achieve a practical result in different years in terms of climatic events and other locations with different physical properties. Overall, based on the combined results of different approaches and in terms of physical and environmental constraints, the study area had low suitability for the exploitation of medicinal plants. Therefore, to reduce the livestock pressure on rangelands and increase the diversity of medicinal plants, more attention should be paid to the other aspects of rangeland use such as beekeeping and free tourism.
Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
S. Najafi Dorcheh; S. Rahgozar; D. Talei; E.S. Ghodousi
Abstract
Chemotherapy, as the most common way of cancer treatment, has many side effects that make it difficult to continue the treatment process. The studies show that the use of medicinal plants alone or in combination with the chemotherapy drugs can reduce the harmful effects of chemotherapy. This study aimed ...
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Chemotherapy, as the most common way of cancer treatment, has many side effects that make it difficult to continue the treatment process. The studies show that the use of medicinal plants alone or in combination with the chemotherapy drugs can reduce the harmful effects of chemotherapy. This study aimed at investigating the effect of 10-gingerol, as one of the major derivatives of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), on the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. The acute lymphoblastic cell lines (CCRF-CEM, R-CCRF-CEM, Nalm-6, and RN95) were treated with increasing concentrations of 10-gingerol after drawing their growth curves. The survival percentage was evaluated by the MTT assay. In addition, the trypan blue staining method was used to evaluate the rate of cell death and confirm the results of MTT assay. To explore the biological processes, molecular function, and cellular components related to the 10-gingerol target genes, a functional annotation analysis was performed using the gene ontology (GO) and Enrichr (a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis tool) database. The Graph Pad Prism 6 software was also used for statistical analyses. The results of this study indicated that 10-gingerol had a cytotoxic effect on R-CCRF-CEM, Nalm-6, and RN95 cell lines significantly (p < /em> ˂ 0.05). This effect was stronger in R-CCRF-CEM and Nalm-6 than in CCRF-CEM at the higher concentrations. The GO analyses also recognized the apoptosis as the most important biological process associated with 10-gingerol. In the present study, for the first time, the cytotoxic effect of 10-gingerol on the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines was demonstrated.
Biotechnology
N. Khaledi; F. Hassani
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is rich in phenolic monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. Seed-borne fungi can reduce the quality and quantity of crop and also change the amount and type of secondary metabolites in plants by affecting seed health. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the ...
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Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is rich in phenolic monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. Seed-borne fungi can reduce the quality and quantity of crop and also change the amount and type of secondary metabolites in plants by affecting seed health. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the seed-borne fungi from thyme seed samples and to evaluate the effects of seeds infection on the production and expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of thymol and carvacrol compounds. To identify seed-borne fungi of thyme seed samples collected from fields of Alborz province, sampling was done according to the criteria of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The amount of thymol and carvacrol compounds was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the expression of TvTPS1, DXR, CYP178, and CYP180 genes was assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Six Alternaria brassicicola isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Analysis of cell wall degrading enzymes activity revealed that cellulase and pectinase were more important than xylanase and chitinase on the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of isolates. Seeds infection by A. brassicicola significantly affected vigor and seed germination indices. The findings of this study showed that the pathogenicity and aggressiveness of A. brassicicola fungal isolates can change the expression level of different genes encoding thymol and carvacrol compounds in seedlings obtained from seed pretreatments with different isolates through different mechanisms including production of extracellular enzymes resulted in increasing (isolates Ab4 and Ab5) and/or decreasing (isolates Ab1, Ab6, Ab2, and Ab3) the production and accumulation of phenolic monoterpenes in thyme seedlings. This is the first report on the identification of seed-borne fungus A. brassicicola from thyme seed samples in Iran and also the role of seeds infection on the production and expression of genes involved in the thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis pathway.
Improvement and breeding
R. Zandi; M.H. Mirjalili; Gh. Eghlima; A. Sonboli; H. Rezadoost
Abstract
Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.) is a perennial medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, and especially anti-migraine properties. In this study, the aerial parts of five wild populations ...
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Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz-Bip.) is a perennial medicinal plant from Asteraceae family and a rich source of sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasm, and especially anti-migraine properties. In this study, the aerial parts of five wild populations of this plant were harvested from Mazandaran (Marzanabad, Siah Bisheh, and Valiabad) and Tehran (Ahar and Gachsar) provinces at full flowering stage in 2020 to evaluate their morphological traits and parthenolide content. The results showed a significant difference at 1% probability level among the studied populations for all the traits. The highest plant height (130 cm), flower dry weight (8.60 g.plant-1), and parthenolide content (0.33 mg.g-1 dry weight) were observed in Gachsar, Siah Bisheh, and Marzanabad populations, respectively. Parthenolide content correlated with leaf length, number of lateral branches, and crown diameter negatively and with number of capitols positively and significantly at 5% probability level. Cluster analysis put the feverfew populations in two main groups. Principal coordinate analysis showed that the first three factors could explain 93.06% of the total variance. Overall, the results indicated the existence of high diversity in feverfew populations for use in breeding programs and cultivation and domestication of this species.
Improvement and breeding
Shamila Yadollahizadeh; Farzin Abdollahi; Alireza Yavari; Leila Jafari
Abstract
Light is one of the environmental factors influencing the growth and development of plants. In recent years, the attention of agricultural experts has been directed to plant growth regulators in order to improve the quality and stability of the cultivation system. The current research was carried out ...
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Light is one of the environmental factors influencing the growth and development of plants. In recent years, the attention of agricultural experts has been directed to plant growth regulators in order to improve the quality and stability of the cultivation system. The current research was carried out in the year 2021 in the greenhouse of Shahid Fozveh Biological Research Center in a factorial format in the form of a completely randomized design in 5 replications. For this purpose, the effect of test factors including four concentrations of abscisic acid (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/liter) and 5 day lengths (16, 14, 12, 10 and 8 hours of light) on the growth characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigments. The cannabis plant was evaluated. The results showed that the highest plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and fresh and dry weight of leaves were obtained under the lighting duration of 14 hours, while the lowest amount of this the traits were observed during the lighting period of 16 hours. Also, the highest amounts of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid were obtained in the treatment of 16 hours of light duration without the use of abscisic acid hormone. While the highest amount of anthocyanin was observed in the treatment of 16 hours of light duration under the treatment of abscisic acid hormone with concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm. Also, the highest amount of total phenol was obtained during the lighting period of 16 hours under the treatment of abscisic acid with a concentration of 20 ppm. Considering the importance and many uses of secondary metabolites in today's human life, investigating the existence of a relationship between environmental conditions and the production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants can be very useful. Therefore, it is recommended to use LED light with lighting durations of 14 and 16 hours to increase the growth characteristics and content of photosynthetic pigments of hemp plant.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , February 1999, , Pages 3-14
Volume 2, Issue 1 , February 1999, , Pages 3-14
S.H. Madani; Gh. Naderi; S. Asgari; D. Khaksar; M. Talebalhoseini
Volume 22, Issue 2 , September 2006, , Pages 79-84
Abstract
The researches have shown that some plants extracts has protective effects on rats hepatocytes. Most plants have different phenol compounds that for eliciting of them solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate and water are used. These phenol compounds are able to neutralize free radicals by giving them ...
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The researches have shown that some plants extracts has protective effects on rats hepatocytes. Most plants have different phenol compounds that for eliciting of them solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate and water are used. These phenol compounds are able to neutralize free radicals by giving them electrons. Thioacetamide as a destructive toxin in hepatocytes is changed into S-oxide metabolic which is a dangerous free radical and can lead to Necrosis and Apoptosis of hepatocytes. For evaluation of hepatocytes damages on the treated rats by thioacetamide and also the study of the effects of protective phenol compounds of silymbum h. extract and hydro alcoholic, aqueous ginger extract, the value of serum transaminasis of GPT, GOT, billirubin, Alkalin phosphatase, Sodium and potassium has been determined. In this research, the male and female of wistar race rats have been used. Rats were divided into ten group of five, then thioacetamide with a dose of 50 mg/kg and the extracts with a dose of 100 mg/kg were both injected (I.P) in a sequence of three days. 48 hours after the last injection, blood was directly taken from heart and its serum was prepared. The above mentioned factors were measured and the results have shown that ginger hydro alcoholic and aqueous extract and Silybum h. extract would have a positive effect on hepatocytes of rats treateds by thioacetamide (P<0/05). A significant difference was not seen among the factors in the male and female rat. Comparatively, the results have determined that the protective effect of Silymbum h. extract was higher than the ginger aqueous extract and ginger aqueous extract higher than ginger hydro alcoholic extract. The protective effect of these extracts is due to the existence of polyphenolic substances in the plants, these substances have an antioxidant function.
M.M. Barazandeh
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 111-116
Abstract
The genus of Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip. Represents 7 species in Iran, one of the more distributed species is Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip subsp. polycephalum. The plant was collected from Lar-Lacem valley in Jun.2001 and 88 grams of it,s dry flowers was hydrodistilled for 3 hours to produce ...
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The genus of Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip. Represents 7 species in Iran, one of the more distributed species is Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz-Bip subsp. polycephalum. The plant was collected from Lar-Lacem valley in Jun.2001 and 88 grams of it,s dry flowers was hydrodistilled for 3 hours to produce an oil at the yield of 0.7%(based on dry weight). The sample were analyzed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. Therty components were identified that approximately constituent more than 98.4 % of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were camphor (46.3%), borneol (15.0%), 1,8-cineole (9.0%), camphene (7.9%) and isobornyl acetate (4.9%) were the major constituents respectively.
M.A. Dorri; S.A. Hoseini (H); M.H. Lebaschy
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, , Pages 117-125
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, ...
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Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, respectively. For sample collecting, these habitats were divided to seven classes consist of: 1) 150-450, 2) 450-750, 3) 750-1050, 4) 1050-1350, 5) 1350-1650, 6) 1650-1950, 7) 1950-2250 meter from sea level. Samples were harvested from top of plants (20-25 cm) in flowering stage. The hypericin content was determined by spectrophotometer at 590 nm. Although it was varied by altitude variations, however Drazno has a positive correlation with the altitude variation. The highest content of hypericin was obtained from Tusakaestan sample (0.26 mg/g) in class 450-750 meter and from Drazno sample (0.25 mg/g) obtained in class 1950-2250 meter. These results suggested that there is a class in each habitat which are suitable for Hypericum growth and more hypericin yield.
M. Niakan; R.A. Khavarynejad; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 20, Issue 2 , July 2004, , Pages 131-148
Abstract
The effects of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer(urea)(o,100,200 Kg ha¹) with two levels phosphorus(super phosphate)(0,100 Kg ha¹) and two levels of potasium(0,100 Kg ha¹) fertilizer in different rate of N/P/K on fresh weight, dry weight,number,aera and oil contetnt ...
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The effects of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer(urea)(o,100,200 Kg ha¹) with two levels phosphorus(super phosphate)(0,100 Kg ha¹) and two levels of potasium(0,100 Kg ha¹) fertilizer in different rate of N/P/K on fresh weight, dry weight,number,aera and oil contetnt of leaf in Mentha piperita L.in field. According to the results rate of 200/200/200 Kg ha¹ of N/P/K increased fresh weight ,dry weight and number of leaf while rate of 200/100/200 Kg ha¹ of N/P/K increased leaf aera and oil content.Resuls also a positive correlation was shown between leaf aera and oil content.
F. Oroojalian; R. Kasra-Kermanshahi; M. Azizi; M.R. Bassami
Abstract
Essential oils of three medicinal plants species, including Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke, Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. and Cuminum cyminum L., were obtained by hydrodistillation and their constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS using retention indices and fragmentation patterns. The antibacterial ...
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Essential oils of three medicinal plants species, including Carum copticum (L.) C. B. Clarke, Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. and Cuminum cyminum L., were obtained by hydrodistillation and their constituents were analyzed by GC and GC/MS using retention indices and fragmentation patterns. The antibacterial effects (MIC and MBC) of the essential oils were assessed on several food-borne pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes by microdilution technique using ELISA reader. Because of the combinatory usage of Bunium persicum and Cuminum cyminum in folk medicine, the affect of essential oil on food organoleptic properties and MIC values of the plants, interaction of Bunium persicum and Cuminum cyminum essential oils were also studied by FICindex determination using modified dilution checkboard method. The results showed that there are noticeable differences between the essential oils as their constituents as concerned, while ρ-cymen and γ-terpinene detected in all essential oils in different percentage. The main components of essential oils of C. copticum were thymol (48.4%), ρ-cymene(21.8%) and γ-terpinene (21.3%). The major constituents of B. persicum were γ-terpinene (44.2%), cuminaldehyde (16.9%), γ-terpinen-7-al (10.5%), and ρ-cymen (8%) while those of C. cyminum were cuminaldehyde (30.2%), ρ-cymene(14.1%), γ-terpinene (12.8%), and safranal (9.4%). The ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrationof the oils were 0.03-0.5,0.18-3.0, and 0.37-3.0 mg/ml, respectively, for C. copticum, B. persicum and C. cyminum. Moreover, the combination of B. persicum and C. cyminum essential oils confirmed synergistic and additive activities against the pathogens. In conclusion, although the MIC of Bunium persicum and Cuminum cyminum essential oils were lower than C. copticum, but combinatory usage of these essential oils especially against gram-positive bacteria produced promissing results. So application of these essential oils is recommended in combination as an efficients and complementary method for control of food borne pathogens with lower side effects on organolpetic properties of food.
A. Roohbakhsh; G. Karimi
Abstract
Over production of uric acid by xanthine oxidase (XO) causes gout. XO inhibitors for example allopurinol are the most important available anti gout drugs. Medicinal herbs are available natural sources that may be useful for the treatment of gout. In this study the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts ...
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Over production of uric acid by xanthine oxidase (XO) causes gout. XO inhibitors for example allopurinol are the most important available anti gout drugs. Medicinal herbs are available natural sources that may be useful for the treatment of gout. In this study the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L., Hypericum perforatum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Zea mays L., Trachyspermum copticum (L.) Link, Cynara scolymus L. and Hedera helix L. were measured. In these experiments, under controlled conditions xanthine turns into uric acid by XO. Uric acid absorbance was measured at 295 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. Adding allopurinol (as positive control) or aqueous extracts to the solution containing XO, can decrease uric acid production by inhibition of this enzyme. At first, XO inhibitory activity of allopurinol and reproducibility of the method was evaluated by conducting three experiments. The results showed an EC50= 0.43 μg/ml for allopurinol. Then, XO inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 mg/ml were measured. Matricaria chamomilla could inhibit enzyme up to 68% (P< 0.001) while maximum XO inhibitory activities of Hypericum perforatum and Cynara scolymus were 36% (P< 0.001) and 21% (P< 0.001) respectively. Other extracts did not have any significant effect on XO. Our obtained results showed that part of anti gout effects of Matricaria chamomilla, Hypericum perforatum and Cynara scolymus is due to XO inhibition.
Z. Abravesh; A. Majd; M.B. Rezaee; S. Mehrabian
Abstract
Man used to take a lot of medicinal plants, but a little to take care of their duration. To find methods for increasing their products always paid attention to plant. Essential oil of the flowering shoot of Ammi visnaga was extracted by hydro-distillation method and the essential oil inhibitory effects ...
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Man used to take a lot of medicinal plants, but a little to take care of their duration. To find methods for increasing their products always paid attention to plant. Essential oil of the flowering shoot of Ammi visnaga was extracted by hydro-distillation method and the essential oil inhibitory effects have been studied by using well diffusion method on four bacteria consists of: Streptococcus viridans, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus (control: cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05%). Effective essential oil against above mentioned bacteria suspension were studied by micro organism 108 colony forming unit/ml (cfu/ml). Bactericide activity of essential oil of Ammi visnaga flowering shoot observed later of 24-48 hours. The zones of growth inhibition were as follow: Streptococcus viridans 35mm, Lactobacillus casei 50mm, Lactobacillus plantarum 35mm, Lactobacillus acidophilus 35mm and control 12mm.
M. Negahban; S. Moharramipour
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 146-156
Abstract
In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested ...
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In regard to the invasion of various food commodities by insects and harmful effects of chemical pesticides, essential oils are among the best known substances tested against stored product pests. Effects of essential oils from Artemisia sieberi Besser and Artemisia scoparia Waldst et Kit were tested against oviposition deterrence, egg hatching and first instar larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus F. at 27 ± 1˚C and 65 ± 5% R.H. under dark condition. For each essential oil, five replications were conducted. Increasing the essential oil concentrations resulted in increase if insecticidal activity of essential oils on eggs, first instar larvae and oviposition deterrence. At 0.14 mL/g food, the essential oils of A. sieberi and A. scoparia resulted in inhibition of oviposition of the insect. The maximum concentration of essential oils (2.86 mL/L air) caused 100% mortality of first instar larvae. Although, oviposition deterrence of A. scoparia was stronger than A. sieberi, however, ovicidal and larval mortality caused by both essential oils were not significantly different. LC50 values indicated that essential oil of A. scoparia with 1.11 and 1.06 mL/L air against eggs and first instar larvae do not have significant difference with A. sieberi. It was found that plant essential oils can be used as a safe pesticide or model for new synthetic pesticides to control stored pests.
Improvement and breeding
M. Salehi Vozhdehnazari; Z. Shirazi; S. Samavat
Abstract
Due to the similarity in appearance and properties of some medicinal plants, it is necessary to identify them more precisely by various methods. Accordingly, in the present study, Satureja rechingeri Jamzad and S. khuzistanica Jamzad were investigated and compared based on morphological, phytochemical, ...
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Due to the similarity in appearance and properties of some medicinal plants, it is necessary to identify them more precisely by various methods. Accordingly, in the present study, Satureja rechingeri Jamzad and S. khuzistanica Jamzad were investigated and compared based on morphological, phytochemical, and molecular characteristics. S. rechingeri and S. khuzistanica seeds were collected from Ilam and Lorestan provinces, respectively, and after scientific identification, they were planted in the research greenhouse of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. The seedlings were then transferred to the experimental farm of the mentioned institute based on a t-test (n=3). Several important morphological traits including inflorescence length, inflorescence stem internode length, length and calyx diameter, calyx three-large and two-short teeth length, length and corolla diameter, stamen length, stigma length, length and vegetative organ leaf width, length and leaflet width, stem diameter, plant height, number of main and sub-branches, largest and smallest canopy diameter, and length and reproductive organ leaf width were measured at full flowering stage in the third year of planting. The essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the plants floral branches in the third year of planting through water distillation. The EOs yield was calculated and their compounds were identified using ultra-fast gas chromatography (GC-FID). DNA barcoding and ITS marker were used for molecular studies on these two savory species. The results showed that these two species did not differ significantly (P<0.01) for all the morphological traits examined. 13 common compounds were identified in these two species EO. S. rechingeri and S. khuzistanica EOs contained 88.6% and 89.5% carvacrol, respectively. The EO yeild was obtained 3.3% for S. rechingeri and 3.04% for S. khuzistanica. These two species showed 100% nucleotide similarity with each other and were closely related to S. bachtiarica (98%). On this basis, it is probable that these two species are not only independent species, but can also be different accessions of the same species.
S.H. Madani; B. Hosseini; Gh. Karimzadeh; A. Rahimi
Abstract
Iranian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is one of the medicinal plants belonging to the Papaveraceae family, which is widely used in pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids. The polyploidy induction is one of the most interesting issues in the breeding and biotechnology ...
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Iranian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.) is one of the medicinal plants belonging to the Papaveraceae family, which is widely used in pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of benzyl isoquinoline alkaloids. The polyploidy induction is one of the most interesting issues in the breeding and biotechnology of medicinal plants. In this study, colchicine treatment was carried out in five concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5) and three duration times (24, 48, 72 hours) with three replications as a factorial in a completely randomized design under greenhouse conditions, which aimed at studying morphological and phytochemical changes in polyploid plants and comparing them with diploid ones. The Microscopic, morphological and chromosomal counts were used to determine ploidy level of plants. The results showed that the concentration of 0.2% of colchicine for 48 hours was the most suitable treatment for polyploidy induction. Polyploidy caused significant changes in the increasing phytochemicals amount such as phenol, flavonoids and total antioxidants (DPPH) and decreasing the stomatal density index in comparison with the diploid plants. The chromosomes number of the diploid and tetraploid plants was obtained 14 (2n=2x=14) and 28 (2n=4x=28), respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in ploidy level increases the phytochemical and antioxidant compounds in Iranian poppy herb.
G. Ghazian Tafrishi; M. Azizi; M. Farsi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , November 2006, , Pages 172-179
Abstract
St Johns Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) from Hypericaceae is an important medicinal plant, which its secondary metabolites, hypericin and hyperforine, have several medicinal effects such as antidepressant, antiviral, antibacterial and etc. The importance of studying in vitro culture of medicinal plants ...
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St Johns Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) from Hypericaceae is an important medicinal plant, which its secondary metabolites, hypericin and hyperforine, have several medicinal effects such as antidepressant, antiviral, antibacterial and etc. The importance of studying in vitro culture of medicinal plants is optimizing these protocols for subsequent studies about effective factors on biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and applying these methods in improving medicinal plants. Since now there are no report on in vitro culture of Iranian St Johns Wort and for the first time we studied the callogenesis, shoot regeneration and rooting process of this plant. The seeds of Iranian St Johns Wort were collected from Ardebil province and the base growth media was MS and for callogenesis we studied the effect of several levels of 2,4-D (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/l) and BA (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/l) or KIN (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/l) and NAA (0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/l). Several levels of BA (0.25, 0.5, 1and 5 mg/l) and several levels of KIN (1, 2 and 5 mg/l) accompanied by 1 mg/l NAA were used for shoot regeneration in callus. Several levels of NAA (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/l) were used for rooting of the shoots. The growth condition was 25°c and 16/8 hours period for rooting and shoot regeneration, darkness for callogenesis. The results of callogenesis with Duncans Multiple Range Test at 5% showed that highest callus fresh weight (2.1937 gr) was obtained in 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D with 1 mg/l KIN. Results of shoot regeneration in level 5% showed that maximum number of shoots (95 shoots/call and 4 Cm length) obtained in treatment contain 1 mg/l NAA with 1 mg/l KIN. Results also showed that maximum root number (4.7 roots per shoot and 2.2 Cm length) was in hormone free media.
S.R. Tabaei-Aghdaei; M. Abootorabi Najafabadi; M.H. Lebaschi; A. Najafi-Ashtiani; A.A. Jafari; F. Sefidkon; L. Mirjani
Abstract
To evaluate biomass and oil percentage at flowering stage in different accessions of medicinal plants Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. (spic1, spic2, spic3)and S. sahendica Bornm. (sah1, sah2, sah3, sah4, sah5, sah6)under dry farming condition, an experiment was carried out based on three-replicated ...
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To evaluate biomass and oil percentage at flowering stage in different accessions of medicinal plants Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. (spic1, spic2, spic3)and S. sahendica Bornm. (sah1, sah2, sah3, sah4, sah5, sah6)under dry farming condition, an experiment was carried out based on three-replicated randomized complete block design in Damavand, Iran in 2014. Variance analysis showed significant differences (P<0.01) between two species for all the traits with the higher values for S. spicigera. Based on means comparison, higher dry shoot weight per plant(108.5 g) was detected in S. spicigera compared to S. sahendica with 25.82g. The highest amount of dry shoot weight per plant was obtained from spic2 accession (183.5g) in S. spicigera and from sah2 (45.51 g) in S. sahendica.Also, S. spicigera showed higher oil content (2.65%) compared to S. sahendica with 1.34%. Spic2 with the highest amount of oil (2.90%, 36.10 kg/ha) could be the best accession for cultivation under dry farming condition of Damavand. Considering lower plant canopy diameter in S. sahendica (32.19 cm) compared to S. spicigera (54.90cm), biomass and oil yield increase is possible with higher plant density. Furthermore, considering dry shoot weigh, plant height, plant canopy and day to flowering as selection indices, sah2 could be proposed as superior genotype of S. sahendica for dry land farming in Damavand or similar climates.
R. Rahimi; A. Gorji Chakespari; B. Abaszadeh; M.K. Araghi
Abstract
The high tendency of agricultural producers to the production of medicinal plants has raised concerns about increasing the yield of these products, which can be achieved by mechanizing production and spending more energy. Therefore, energy flow analysis is essential throughout the production process. ...
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The high tendency of agricultural producers to the production of medicinal plants has raised concerns about increasing the yield of these products, which can be achieved by mechanizing production and spending more energy. Therefore, energy flow analysis is essential throughout the production process. This research was implemented in the field in 2018 by questionnaires and face to face interview with farmers in some areas of Tehran and Alborz provinces on the four medicinal herbs Mentha piperita L., Artemisia dracunculus L., Ocimum basilicum L. and Satureja hortensis L. The results showed that among all the inputs consumed in this project, two inputs of chemical fertilizers and electricity with a difference of more than 80%, had the highest percentage of energy consumption. After estimating the energy indices, the energy efficiency index was more than one for all the studied products, indicating the energy efficiency of the production systems of these products. Also, the medicinal plant savory with an energy efficiency of 3.37 was considered the most suitable product for energy consumption and production. In terms of net energy index, savory with a net energy production of 281457 MJ ha-1 had the highest energy return. The estimate of the mechanization index in energy consumption showed that a small proportion of energy consumption was related to mechanization (0.23 to 0.26) in the production of all four products and this issue showed the need to increase mechanization in the production of these products more than before.
M. Peyvandi; H. Parandeh; M. Mirza
Abstract
Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Sweet basil essential oil is used in food, medicine, and hygiene industries. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of nano iron chelate fertilizer (1, 3, 5 Kg.ha-1) and iron chelate fertilizer (1.5, 4.5, 7.5kg.ha-1) on ...
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Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Sweet basil essential oil is used in food, medicine, and hygiene industries. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of nano iron chelate fertilizer (1, 3, 5 Kg.ha-1) and iron chelate fertilizer (1.5, 4.5, 7.5kg.ha-1) on the quantity and quality of O. basilicum essential oil (EO) were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in a farm located in Saveh. After collecting the aerial parts of O. balilicum, the EO was extracted via water distillation method. Then, the EO was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixteen components were identified in the EO of O. basilicum. The major components were methyl chavicol (37%), geranial (26%), neral (21%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.5%), respectively. Among different treatments, the means of 10 components showed significant differences. The mean of EO percentage in all samples, treated by Fe and nano Fe fertilizers, was more than that of control.
F. Askari; Sh. Ahmadi
Abstract
Pimpinella,with about 170-180 species in the world, is one of the largest genus of Apiaceae. Based on the flora of Iran, there are 25 species of Pimpinella in Iranian plateau, so that 22 species with six endemic species are found in Iran. P. olivierioides Boiss. & Hausskn. is distributed in West ...
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Pimpinella,with about 170-180 species in the world, is one of the largest genus of Apiaceae. Based on the flora of Iran, there are 25 species of Pimpinella in Iranian plateau, so that 22 species with six endemic species are found in Iran. P. olivierioides Boiss. & Hausskn. is distributed in West and Central Iran. The aim of this study was to determine chemical composition of P. olivierioides essential oil. The plant parts of P. olivieroides were collected at flowering stage from Nahavand (Hamedan Province), on July 2012. The plant organs including stem and leaf and inflorescence were dried in laboratory and crushed to particles. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of stem and leaf essential oils (w/w dried weight) was 0.09%, root 0.52% and inflorescence 0.57%. The major components of stem and leaf, root and inflorescence essential oils were Germacrene D (36.5%, 21.9% and 11.1%), Bicyclogermacrene (7.5%, 15.9% and 4.4%), respectively. b-bisabolene (24.9%) was found only in root essential oil. Trans-pinocamphene (14.7%) and cis-pinocamphene (13.4%) were found only in stem and leaf essential oils. The interesting thing about the essential oils was their colors. The color of stem and leaf, root and inflorescence essential oils was light blue, blue, and green grass, respectively. Our results clearly showed that very different compositions were found in the essential oil of P. olivierioides organs.
