Biological effects of essential oils and extracts
S. Mohammadi; B. Bahramnejad; M. Majdi; J. Soltani
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Papaver plants from the poppy family are among the famous medicinal plants that have always been the focus of the pharmaceutical and medical industries due to the production of morphine alkaloids and isoquinoline alkaloids with antimicrobial effects. A ...
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Background and Objectives: Papaver plants from the poppy family are among the famous medicinal plants that have always been the focus of the pharmaceutical and medical industries due to the production of morphine alkaloids and isoquinoline alkaloids with antimicrobial effects. A wide variety of Papaver species can be seen in the pastures and mountains of Kurdistan province. In this research, the methanolic extracts prepared from four Papaver species were investigated about the amount of morphinan alkaloids produced and the antimicrobial effects on the growth of microorganisms in laboratory conditions.Methodology: Four Papver species including P. glaucum, P. fugax, P. argemone, and P. bracteatum were collected twice from their natural habitats in Kurdistan province in spring and were identified based on morphological characteristics under the supervision of a botanist of the province's agricultural and natural resources research center. In order to extract alkaloids, aerial parts, and roots were dried and powdered in the shade. Extracts were prepared by adding methanol and chloroform solvents in a ratio of 1 to 4 to the resulting powders of plants. The amount of morphine, codeine, thebaine, and papaverine alkaloids present in each of the samples was measured separately using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Also, the antimicrobial effects of extracts against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli were investigated. The pathogenicity was evaluated by measuring the growth halo, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MBC), using the tube dilution method.Results: The production of morphine alkaloids in all of the studied species was confirmed by HPLC. The amount of morphine as the dominant alkaloid among the four studied species varied from 4.21 to 21.33 mg/g dry weight. The highest amount of morphine (21.33 mg/g) was observed in P. bracteatum extract and the highest amount of thebaine and codeine (8.67 and 1.8 mg/g) was observed in P. fugax extract. The observation of non-growth aura against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria confirmed the antimicrobial effects of the investigated plant extracts. The detected amounts of minimum inhibitory concentration against the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria varied from 25 to 100 mg/ml and minimum lethal concentration was just observed against Escherichia coli. P. bracteatum plant extract showed the highest inhibitory effect against E. coli bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 mg/ml and a minimum lethal concentration of 50 mg/ml.Conclusion: By examining the results, it was found that the studied Papaver species produce significant amounts and ranges of morphine alkaloids, which designates these natural species' genetic and medicinal value for further studies. In addition, the extract of these plants showed antimicrobial effects against the reference strains of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria used in this research. Therefore, it is suggested that more studies be conducted in the field of separation and separation of the metabolites of these plants and the investigation of their antimicrobial effects in subsequent studies to achieve effective and novel antimicrobial compounds and drugs.
M. Rajabi Hashjin; A. Asghari; M. Zeinalabedini; M.R. Ghaffari
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella L.) is one of the most important and oldest known medicinal plants in the world, used in the treatment of many diseases due to its various secondary metabolites. The plant has more than 135 species growing throughout the world and in most climates. Trigonelline is the most important ...
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Fenugreek (Trigonella L.) is one of the most important and oldest known medicinal plants in the world, used in the treatment of many diseases due to its various secondary metabolites. The plant has more than 135 species growing throughout the world and in most climates. Trigonelline is the most important and most abundant alkaloid and one of the valuable metabolites found in fenugreek that is used to treat diabetes and reduce blood lipids. In this research, 22 genotypes from 10 species of fenugreek including: T. uncata, T. monantha, T. persica, T. anguina, T. stellate, T. spruneriana, T. astroites, T. monspeliaca, T. tehranica and T. foenum-graecum were collected from Khuzestan, Tehran, and Hormozgan provinces and their trigonelline levels were measured using HPLC technique. The results showed that T. foenum-graecum and T. tehranica had higher trigonelline content (1.34 and 0.9 mg/g seed, respectively) than other species. Also, there was a significant difference between genotypes for trigonelline content. The clustering based on Ward’s method separated genotypes into two groups. This study could be the basis for further work on the extraction of pharmaceutical compounds from other fenugreek species, especially native species of Iran such as T. tehranica.
A. Karimi Pashaki; M. Ghasemi; S.J. Zorriehzahra; M. Sharif Rohani; S.M. Hosseini
Abstract
In this study, the semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous-alcoholic extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf and aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings was investigated. Experiments were carried out using standard O.E.C.D within 96h. The amount ...
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In this study, the semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous-alcoholic extract of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf and aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings was investigated. Experiments were carried out using standard O.E.C.D within 96h. The amount of active ingredient of the extracts was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To measure the semi-lethal concentration for each extract, the fish were divided into five treatment groups and one control group (each with three replicates including 10 fish). Mean length and weight of fish were 9.8±0.78 cm and 15±3.4 g, respectively. Five treatments were exposed to concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm (mg/l) of aqueous-alcoholic extract of olive leaf and five other treatments were exposed to concentrations of 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 ppm of aqueous extract of garlic. During the test period, the average (±SD) temperature was 17±1.7 °C, the dissolved oxygen was 7.23±0.41 mg/l and the pH was 7.5±0.81. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the amount of Allicin measured in garlic extract was 200 mg/g and the amount of Oleoropein measured in olive leaf was 177.2 mg/g. The 96h LC50 value in common carp for the aqueous-alcoholic extract of olive leaf was calculated to be 168 ppm and for the aqueous extract of garlic, 1050 ppm.
R. Jafari Hajati; V. Payamnoor; K. Ghasemi Bezdi; N. Ahmadian Chashmi
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the production of betulin and betulinic acid using suspension cultures of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and elicitation of the cell cultures by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). To do this, at the first step, the cell growth curve was investigated in a 16-day ...
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This study aimed to enhance the production of betulin and betulinic acid using suspension cultures of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and elicitation of the cell cultures by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA). To do this, at the first step, the cell growth curve was investigated in a 16-day period. Then, two elicitors, namely, MeJA (at final concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) and SA (at final concentration of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 µM) were separately supplemented to 8-day-old cell cultures and the cells were harvested 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after elicitations. Fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW) and cell viability were measured. In addition, betulin and betulinic acid content were analyzed using HPLC. The results showed the significant effects of different concentrations of SA and MeJA on metabolites content and FW and DW. Maximum amount of betulin was observed about 4-fold (2.5 mg g-1 DW) higher than the control treatment by addition of 100 µM SA, two days after elicitation. Moreover, betulinic acid content was enhanced about 5 mg g-1 DW, 4.5-fold compared to control, one day after addition of 200 µM SA. Furthermore, the high accumulation of betulin (2.3 mg g-1 DW) was obtained in the elicited cell by 50 µM MeJA, seven days after elicitation. Also, the maximum amount of betulinic acid, about 3 mg g-1 DW, was observed in the cells elicited by 100 µM MeJA, two days after elicitation. Overall, the effect of SA on the production of betulin and betulinic acid was significantly more than the effect of MeJA.
A. Bagheri; M. Valizadeh; A. Sharifi; K. Senthil
Abstract
In recent years, W. coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Fam. Solanaceae) has gained much attention, owing to the presence of a large number of steroidal lactones known as withanolides. Out of the several withanolides isolated from W. coagulans, the biological compound, withaferine A is pharmacologically important ...
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In recent years, W. coagulans (Stocks) Dunal (Fam. Solanaceae) has gained much attention, owing to the presence of a large number of steroidal lactones known as withanolides. Out of the several withanolides isolated from W. coagulans, the biological compound, withaferine A is pharmacologically important that due to the significant and specific therapeutic action in cancer, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s disease. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to make an assessment of withaferin A content in the roots of different accessions of W. coagulans and in in vitro cultures. The seeds of five wild accssesion (USB001-5) were sown in greenhous. The cell suspension cultures were initialized from leaf explants derived callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 30 gL-1 sucrose (w/v), 2.0mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin (Kin). Adventitious roots were induced directly from leaf segments on half strength MS medium (0.8% agar) with 2 mgl-1 indole-3-butyricacid (IBA) and 30 gl-1 sucrose. The withaferin A content was evaluated by TLC and HPLC method using standard withaferin-A compound. The results showed the presence of withaferin A in all accessions (21.01-44.54 µg/g D.W). In addition, there was significant differences among accession (P<0.05). USB005 was found to have the highest withaferin A content (44.54µg/g D.W) and was selected for in vitro study. The results of in vitro study showed that withaferin A accumulation was higher in adventitious roots (21.40±1.67 in 4 weeks and 66.73±0.86 in 8 weeks old cultures) compared to cell suspension culture (6.62±2.01). Nearly, adventitious root having withaferin A content 10 and 1.5-fold higher when compared with the cell suspension and in vivo roots, respectively. Thus, our study demonstrates the in vitro root cultures potential for large-scale production of withaferin A.
F. Mohammadi; R. Heidari; S. Hosieni; R. Jamei
Abstract
Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Among these metabolites, alkaloids are an important group. Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Papaver orientale L. and Papaver fugex Poir are medicinal plants from Papaveraceae family. Medicinal characteristic of these plants depend on their capability ...
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Medicinal plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Among these metabolites, alkaloids are an important group. Papaver bracteatum Lindl., Papaver orientale L. and Papaver fugex Poir are medicinal plants from Papaveraceae family. Medicinal characteristic of these plants depend on their capability to produce and biosynthesis of benzophenanthridine alkaloids which are a sub-group of isoquinoline alkaloids. Morphinanes (morphine, codeine and thebaine) are a class of isoquinoline alkaloids with different functionality in medicine. Due to the importance of morphinanes in clinical and pharmacology fields, identification and extraction of these compounds from natural sources are a necessity. In this study, the plants were collected in the first stage of flowering. Sonicator and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used for extracting and determining of the morphinanes, respectively. UV-Spectrophotometer was also used to determine total alkaloids. The results showed that high amounts of thebaine alkaloid were found in three studied plants. Codeine content was lower than other alkaloids; however the distribution of these alkaloids was dissimilar in different parts of the plants. According to the results, the highest total alkaloid content was found in capsules and roots of Papaver bracteatum L. and Papaver orientale L., while shoot of Papaver fugax Poir. contained.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; Z. Behrad; M. Mirza; V. Mozaffarian; R. Azady; M. Naderi; M. Golipur; A. Bahmanzadegan; S. Meshkizadeh; Sh. Karimi
Abstract
Hypericum genus is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. Currently in Iran, there are 17 herbaceous, perennial and shrub species of Hypericum of which three species are endemic to Iran. This research was aimed to investigate Hypericine content in nine species of Hypericum. For Hypericine ...
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Hypericum genus is one of the most important medicinal plants in Iran. Currently in Iran, there are 17 herbaceous, perennial and shrub species of Hypericum of which three species are endemic to Iran. This research was aimed to investigate Hypericine content in nine species of Hypericum. For Hypericine content 1 gram of plant was extracted in two steps, chloroform extraction then methanol extraction using a Soxhlet device. Hypericin content was measured by HPLC, using the following condition, mobile phase: (methanol 68%, ethyl acetate 20% and sodium hydrosulphate (0.1 M) 12%) and stationary phase C18, and UV detector: set on 590 nm. Generally, no hypericin was detected in different organs of H. androsaemum L. Hypericine content detected in flowers, leaves and stems were: H. apricum Kar. & Kir. (in flowers 0.061% and leaves 0.005%), H.armenum Jaub. & Spach (flower 0.003%), H.asperulum Jaub. & Spach (in flower 0.025%, leaves 0.004% and stems 0.003%), in H.hirsutum L. (flower 0.007%), in H.linarioides Boss. (flower 0.007%), in H.tetrapterum Fries (flowers 0.008%, leaves 0.014%, and stem 0.001%), and H.vermiculare Boiss. & Hausskn. (flowers 0.005%), in H.perforatum L. (flowers 0.124%, leaf 0.028% , stem 0.003).
H. Kordi; M. Aghdasi; M. Khalafi
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. is an annual or biannual herbaceous species from Asteraceae which is important in medicinal industry. The main components of this species are various flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin that are known as silymarin. This species ...
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Silybum marianum L. is an annual or biannual herbaceous species from Asteraceae which is important in medicinal industry. The main components of this species are various flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silydianin and taxifolin that are known as silymarin. This species is used in treatment of heart diseases, diabetes, blood cholesterol, liver diseases (jaundice, cirrhosis and hepatitis), and gallbladder disease. In this research, different organs of Silybum marianum (young and old leaves, stem, root, inflorescence and seeds) were separately collected during the different months in the Gorgan region and then total flavonoid, silymarin content, and the amount of silymarin components were measured by HPLC method. Our results showed that the highest amounts of total flavonoid were observed in the seed and inflorescence samples and then in the stem samples. Meanwhile the effect of time on flavonoid content and also the effect of sampling month and organ factors on flavonoid content were significant. Data from the HPLC analyses revealed that the silymarin compositions, observed in this study, were similar and the main difference among samples was the amount of silymarin composition. The highest amount of silydianin was observed in the stem sample; however the amount of other components were higher in the seed sample. According to the results, Gorgan is a suitable region for the cultivation of Silybium marinum and since the stem of this species contain significant amounts of silymarin, it could be considered as an optimal source of the production of pharmaceutical substances.
M Bagherloo; R. Heidari; R. Jamei; S. Ghaderpour
Abstract
Plants of Alliaceae family are an important source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The major antioxidant activity in plants is related to Polyphenoles. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are due to their reducing potential. This study was carried out to identify and determine the amount ...
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Plants of Alliaceae family are an important source of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The major antioxidant activity in plants is related to Polyphenoles. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are due to their reducing potential. This study was carried out to identify and determine the amount of phenolic compounds such as Tannic acid, 8Hydroxyquinoline, Vanillic acid, Caffeic acid, Salicylic acid and 1-Naphthol in edible parts of two varieties of Iranian onion, namely, red onion of Azarshahr and white onion of Neishabor and measuring their antioxidant activity. The extracts were prepared from powdered onions by 1.2 M HCl in 50% methanol/water and the amount of their antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH radical. Phenolic compounds were identified and their amount was determined by HPLC. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of edible parts of two varieties of Iranian onion were identified and measured. The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds in different varieties of onion was different and the maximum phenolic compound was observed in the red onion. Antioxidant activity of red onion was higher than that of white onion.
B. Hosseini; H. Hashemi Sohi; F. Shahriari; E. Dehghan
Abstract
Papaver somniferum L. today is considered as the commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. Codeinone reductase is a key gene in metabolic engineering of isoquinoline alkaloids pathway with the ability of conversion of codeinone to codein and morphine. In this project, ...
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Papaver somniferum L. today is considered as the commercial source of the narcotic analgesics morphine and codeine. Codeinone reductase is a key gene in metabolic engineering of isoquinoline alkaloids pathway with the ability of conversion of codeinone to codein and morphine. In this project, at first optimization of the gene transfer of P. somniferum was performed via A. tumefascience containing pBI121 plasmid. This gene then was cloned in expression vectors under control of CaMV35 promoter and transferred to plants by agro transformation. After preparing the structure, hypocotyl explants of P. somniferum was inoculated by agrobacterium carrying recombinant structures. HPLC analysis indicated the variation of the amount, type and percentage of alkaloid compounds in transgenic samples compared to the control plants. The result of the evaluation showed qualitative and quantitative changes in metabolite production of transgenic and control plants.
Z. Moghadassi; M. Emtyazjoo; M. Rabanie; M. Emtyazjoo; F. Labibie; E. Azarghashb; N. Mosaffa
Abstract
Aquatic plants have been used prevalently in China since 3000 years ago due to having various chemical compounds for diseases prevention and cure. Dunaliella salina is one of the micro algae in marine ecosystems containing beta-carotene, retinal, apocarotenoides, ketones, aldehydes and epoxides which ...
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Aquatic plants have been used prevalently in China since 3000 years ago due to having various chemical compounds for diseases prevention and cure. Dunaliella salina is one of the micro algae in marine ecosystems containing beta-carotene, retinal, apocarotenoides, ketones, aldehydes and epoxides which enable it to absorb free radicals and produce singlet oxygen. In many studies, the anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects of these chemical compounds have been confirmed. In this study, squamous cell skin cancer was used. The main goal of this research was to study the killing effects of the ethanol extract from the mentioned alga against Squamous cell carcinoma in vitro through using tetrazolium salt under in vitro conditions. Dunaliella Salina was collected from Hoz-Soltan Salt Lake located in the northeast of Qom. Algae were cultured on Johnson Medium. Algae mass were purified with PBS and then freeze dried. A431 cell line obtained from Pasteur Institution was cultured in RPMI medium containing FBS 10%. Cells were incubated with 5% CO2 in presence of different concentrations 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml of extracts in time periods of 6, 24, and 48 hours. Results of the statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference among various extract concentrations on death cells in 24 h and 48 h incubation (P < 0.05). Lc50 of different concentrations of extract against skin carcinoma cell line were evaluated in incubation period of 6, 24, and 48 hours. Lc50 results after 48 hours showed value of 46.6 6 μg/ml. The ethanol extract of Dunaliella algae was analyzed by HPLC in order to evaluate the available beta carotene in algae. Our results confirm the killing effect of ethanol extract of Dunaliella against line Squamous cell carcinoma. With increasing extract concentration and incubation time, death of cells on the skin cancer cell line increased. Therefore, Dunaliella can be considered as a strong chemopreventive agent and anti cancer against this cell line.
S. Mohsenzadeh; A.A. Amiri; N. Sayyadnia tayyebi
Abstract
Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable ...
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Lapachol is a naphthoquinone with anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antivirus activities. Lapachol and some of its derivatives tested with good experimental results in tumors. The bark of some trees belonging to the Bignoniaceaefamily contain up to a few percent of lapachol and often a considerable amount of related compounds. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is the only native species of the family in arid and semi-arid of southern parts of Iran. In this research lapachol have been extracted from T. undulata inner bark stem that collected from near Darab in Fars province by three methods. The methods were heated methanol in microwave for 6 minutes, non-heated methanol and hot water at 90ºC temperature. The most effective extraction method was the heated methanol in microwave. According to this method, stem inner bark of T. undulata has 3.6% Lapachol in dry weight which is determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
E. Morteza; G.A. Akbari; S.A.M. Modares Sanavi; H. Aliabadi Farahani; B. Foghi; M. Abdoli
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed ...
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In order to investigate the effects of sowing date and planting density on some of the growth characteristics of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) and didrovaltrate content, an experiment was conducted from 2005-2006 at Experimental Farm in Abureyhan Campus, University of Tehran. The experiment performed in split plot form based on a complete randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was the sowing date with three levels (11 August, 1 and 22 September) and sub factor was plant density with three levels (40000, 80000 and 120000 plants/ hectare). Seeds of valerian provided from Medicinal Plants Research Division of Shahid Beheshti University. Didrovaltrate amount was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that sowing date and planting density had significant effect on root and rhizome length and diameter and percentage of didrovaltrate. The interaction effects of sowing date and planting density had significant difference on percentage of didrovaltrate, but no significant effect on other characters was seen. The highest root and rhizome length was obtained from sowing date of 11th August and 120000 plants per hectare and the highest diameter of root and rhizome were obtained from the combination of 11th August and 40000 plants per hectare. The results showed that maximum amount of didrovaltrate was obtained from the combination of 22nd September and 40000 plants per hectare.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; A. Najafi Ashtiany
Volume 23, Issue 2 , August 2007, , Pages 262-268
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important plants in Khorasan provience and exported to the whole world. It is used in food for color and flavour and also in medicine. In this study effects of storage condition of Crocus sativus L. for determining crocin were under investigation in Khorasan ...
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Crocus sativus L. is one of the most important plants in Khorasan provience and exported to the whole world. It is used in food for color and flavour and also in medicine. In this study effects of storage condition of Crocus sativus L. for determining crocin were under investigation in Khorasan Provience. Samples were collected on November 2003. We kept samples for 20 months in three different conditions as light, darkness and refrigerator on zero degree. On November 2005 samples were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which crocin percentage content in light were 0.032%, dark 0.038% and refrigerator 0.028%. According to the results the best condition to kept stigmata is darkness.
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; Z. Abravesh; M. Golypour; M. Sharifee
Abstract
Oleuropein, a compound that cause the bitter taste of olive, has many pharmacological properties. It is a natural antioxidant. In this study, the leaves of nine cultivars of Olea europaea L. named: Olive Begonia, Olive Gorgan, Olive Dezful, Olive Khshavy, Olive Khoramabady, Olive Dagal, Olive Barbar, ...
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Oleuropein, a compound that cause the bitter taste of olive, has many pharmacological properties. It is a natural antioxidant. In this study, the leaves of nine cultivars of Olea europaea L. named: Olive Begonia, Olive Gorgan, Olive Dezful, Olive Khshavy, Olive Khoramabady, Olive Dagal, Olive Barbar, Olive Zahedy and Olive Red were collected from Fadak station in Dezful city (Khozestan province, western south of Iran) at September 2004. After extraction of leaves by methanol, the oleuropein contents of extracts were determined by HPLC. Maximum amount of oleuropein was found in Olive Khoramabady (0.08 mg/ml, 0.24% w/w) and minimum in Olive Dagal (0.04 mg/ml, 0.13% w/w).
K. Jaimand; M.B. Rezaee; A.N. Ashtiany
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in olive fruits are important factors to consider. These compounds are partly responsible for auto-oxidation stability and organoleptic characteristics. Moreover, they have pharmacological properties and are natural antioxidants and inhibit gram- positive microorganisms involved in ...
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Phenolic compounds in olive fruits are important factors to consider. These compounds are partly responsible for auto-oxidation stability and organoleptic characteristics. Moreover, they have pharmacological properties and are natural antioxidants and inhibit gram- positive microorganisms involved in the fermentation of olive fruits. Oleuropein, the main component that produced bitterns in olive, is a heterosidic ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol. In this study we have collected two samples in summer 2004 from washing exude of fruits Olea europaea L., after procedure for the separation of phenolic compounds extracted. Identification and determination of oleuropein compound was done by HPLC. The results showed the quantity of oleuropin in the salt water sample was 0.0010% mg/ml and in NaOH sample was 0.0016% mg/ml.
S. Akef; F. Bernard; H. Shaker; A.R. Ghasem poor
Abstract
In this research investigation on parthenolide production and antioxidant defence in callus culture and micropropagated plantlets of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Family: Asteraceae) wounding, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments were done. For this purpose, seeds were ...
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In this research investigation on parthenolide production and antioxidant defence in callus culture and micropropagated plantlets of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. Family: Asteraceae) wounding, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments were done. For this purpose, seeds were cultured on MS/4 medium with the whole vitamins, and shoot explants of seedlings, with shoot tip and without shoot tip and also, were cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.54µM) and BAP (4.44µM). The growth of plantlets was computed as dry weight. For biochemical investigations, shoot tip explants were cut from two months old plantlets and treated with ABA, SA and wounding (leaves discarded) for 10 hours in MS liquid medium. Parthenolide content was measured by HPLC. Antioxidant defense was evaluated as qualitative peroxidase activity. Callus tissues were obtained from leaf explants of seedlings, in MS medium supplemented with NAA (2mg.L-1) and BAP (0.5mg.L-1). One month old calli were transferred to liquid medium with ABA, SA and DMSO treatments. After one weak, parthenolide content and peroxidase activity were measured as above. Parthenolide content of control plantlets in this investigation was 0.00863±0.00283, but SA + Wounding treatment in plantlets showed the less parthenolide content and the maximum dry weight. Parthenolide production in treatments was decreased as the growth increased. In callus tissues, parthenolide content was not different significantly between treatments, and approximately half of the plantlets. Qualitative variation in antioxidant defense was shown by electrophoretic patterns and we had an extra band in wounding treatment in micropropagated plantlets. Anionic bands were stronger than cationic bands. Electrophoretic bands had no difference in callus tissues.
K. Jaimand; P. Baghai; M.B. Rezaee; S.A. Sajadipoor; M. Nasrabadi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , October 2004, , Pages 323-331
Abstract
Juglone is a naphtoquinone compound present in walnut (Juglans regia L. ; Juglandaceae ) leaves and peels.that have been broadly used in traditional medicine for many years. In this research, samples were collected during June to November 2001 and (10 g) extract with a Soxhlet apparatus for 2 hours. ...
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Juglone is a naphtoquinone compound present in walnut (Juglans regia L. ; Juglandaceae ) leaves and peels.that have been broadly used in traditional medicine for many years. In this research, samples were collected during June to November 2001 and (10 g) extract with a Soxhlet apparatus for 2 hours. The concentrate of the acetone extract of the samples was defatted and then extracted with chloroform. The chloroform solution was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a dry residue recoverd by methanol. The extract was analysed by HPLC. Joglone content in leaves was from 0.021 mg/ml to 0.114 mg/ml and in peels were 0.035 mg/ml to 0.534 mg/ml , respectively.
