A. Baghizadeh; M. Moghaddari; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted ...
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Teucrium polium L. is an herbaceous, perennial and hyperbranched plant. Teucrium polium grows in different parts of Europe and the Middle East, such as Iran. In order to determination of genetic diversity of Teucrium Polium gemlplasm in Kerman province, 15 genotypes were collected. The DNA was extracted using CTAB method. Fifteen RAPD primers were used for PCR. The electrophoresis results were analyzed using NTSYS software applying UPGMA method with Dice coefficient. To assess the phyto-chemical diversity of Teucrium polium germplasm, the essential oil of seven genotypes of Teucrium Polium was prepared by hydro distillation. The identification and analysis of essential oil composition was done by GC/MS with calculation and study of retention indices and mass spectrometry. Cluster analysis was done for the results of GC/MS by SPSS12 software. After electrophoresis of PCR products, 182 bands were found in the range of 230 to 2300 bp. A number of 169 bands (93%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity of the genotypes was 0.37 to 0.72. Based on cluster analysis of molecular data, the collected samples were divided into four groups. The essential oil constituents in Kohbanan, Baghin, Shahrbabak, Anbarabad, Ravar and Kerman genotypes were identified. The samples were classified into three groups by cluster analysis of phytochemical data.
T. Mozafari Dehshiri; F. Sefidkon; F. Asgari; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Pimpinella aurea DC. is one of the most abundant perennial species from Pimpinella genus in Iran, distributed in northwest, west, center, northeast, and southeast of Iran. This aromatic species contains essential oil with antimicrobial effect. In this research, to study the quality and quantity of seed ...
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Pimpinella aurea DC. is one of the most abundant perennial species from Pimpinella genus in Iran, distributed in northwest, west, center, northeast, and southeast of Iran. This aromatic species contains essential oil with antimicrobial effect. In this research, to study the quality and quantity of seed essential oil of Pimpinella aurea and also the effect of seed size on essential oil content and composition of Pimpinella aurea, seeds were collected from three localities in Tehran province (Tochal, Vardavard and Lavasanat) and were, after drying, separated by sieves having mesh sizes of 20, 25 and 30. All samples were subjected to hydro-distillation, individually, for obtaining their essential oils. The mean oil yields for Tochal seeds were calculated to be 4.01%, 3.20% and 1.12% for 20, 25 and 30 meshes, respectively. These values were 5.69%, 3.20% and 1.94% for the samples from Vardavard and 3.21%, 2.70% and 1.85% for Lavasanat samples. Results showed that the oil yield decreased remarkably with decreasing the size of the seeds. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS for the identification of their chemical composition. β-bisabolene was identified as the main component in the oils collected from different habitats (57.2-83.6%). The other major component was epoxy allo-aromadendrene (3.9-30.6%). According to the obtained results, seed size had no considerable effect on essential oil composition. In addition, more oil yield and β-bisabolene content were recorded for the seeds collected from Vardavard (with a warmer and dryer habitat).
M. Sakhayi; M.H. Assareh; A. Shariat; Gh. Bakhsi Khaniki; M. Matinizadeh
Abstract
In this study, allelophatic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulonsis Dehnh. were investigated on some growth parameters and quantitative and qualitative changes of peroxidase in wheat at greenhouse of research institute of forests and rangelands of Iran. Treatments included: control treatment, etanol extract ...
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In this study, allelophatic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulonsis Dehnh. were investigated on some growth parameters and quantitative and qualitative changes of peroxidase in wheat at greenhouse of research institute of forests and rangelands of Iran. Treatments included: control treatment, etanol extract of E. camaldulonsis leaf in three levels (3, 6, 12 g/lit), aqueous extract of E. camaldulonsis leaf in three levels (5%, 10%, 20%), fresh leaf of E. camaldulonsis in three levels (5, 10, 15 g), powderd dried leaves of E. camaldulonsis in three levels (5, 10, 15 g) and one-year seedlings of E. camaldulonsis. Wet and dry weight of the seedlings was measured as growth parameters. Comparison of different treatments showed that one-year seedlings of E. camaldulonsis had maximum significant effect in reducing wheat growth parameters due to root exudates. With increasing concentrations of ethanol and aqueous extracts, wet and dry weight and leaf surface area of wheat decreased while in treatments of fresh and powdered dried leaves, an increment was observed in dry weight and leaf area. Activity of peroxidase enzyme strongly increased in root treatment of E.camaldulonsis and showed new isoenzyme band compared to control treatment. Ethanol and aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus leaves increased peroxidase activity in wheat but no new isoenzyme band was observed and less affected in fresh and dry leaves of Eucalyptus.
M. Ghorbanli; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; A. Zakeri
Abstract
Water deficit is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of plants. In this research, Linum usitatissimum L. seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand, clay and peat (2: 1: 1). When the third leave was appeared, water stress was done at three levels of control, 1/3 field capacity ...
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Water deficit is one of the most important factors affecting the growth of plants. In this research, Linum usitatissimum L. seeds were sown in plastic pots containing sand, clay and peat (2: 1: 1). When the third leave was appeared, water stress was done at three levels of control, 1/3 field capacity and 2/3 field capacity for 10 days in three duplication on the basis completely randomized design. The amount of carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid, phenolic compound and proline was measured to study the effect of drought stress on non-enzymatic defense mechanisms. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by SPSS statistical software and means were compared by Duncan's test at p ≤ 0.05 significance level. It is noteworthy to state that proline accumulation in aerial parts of the Linum was more than that of the root. The results showed that the amount of praline, phenolic compound and anthocyanin significantly increased but the amount of flavonoid in 2/3 FC increased and then slightly decreased however it increased as compared with the control. In the current study, the amount of carotenoid in the leaves of Linum significantly decreased.
M. Sarrami; H. Zeinali; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; S. Esmailkhanian; Z. Bordbar
Abstract
This investigation was carried out on six populations of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2009. Karyotype of mitotic cells in metaphase of root apical meristem was studied. The base number of chromosomes for all populations was x = 17 and ...
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This investigation was carried out on six populations of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2009. Karyotype of mitotic cells in metaphase of root apical meristem was studied. The base number of chromosomes for all populations was x = 17 and all populations were diploid. Based on Stebbins' two- way table, all populations were located in class 2B indicating the same evolutionary status. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for the length of the smallest chromosome, asymmetric index, and coefficient variation of centromic index (p < 0.01), total chromosome length, sum of small arms, sum of long arms and the largest length of chromosome (p < 0.05). Factor analysis introduced two factors that justified more than 94 percent of total variation. In the first factor, total chromosome length (TL) and sum of long arms (SLa) were identified as the most important factors while asymmetric index (AI) and coefficient variation of centromic index (CVci) in the second factor were highly effective. All populations were classified in four groups by cluster analysis. The least Euclidean distance was between Ahvaz and Sary populations and the highest Euclidean distance was observed between Ahvaz and Amol. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all traits among groups. Populations of Ahavaz, Sary and Esfahan in the first group were superiour in terms of TL, SSa, SLa, LC and SC compared to other goups. Population of Amol in the second group showed the lowest SC, Cvci, and AI. Maximum CVci and AI were observed in population of Kordestan while TL, SSa, SLa and LC were the least in this population. Population distribution diagram was drawn based on the first and the second component values that would confirm the results of the cluster analysis.
N. Esfahanianfard; F. Sefidkon; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
To investigate variations in the essential oil content and composition, leaves of three Eucalyptus species named E. melliodora, E. kingsmilli and E. dundasii were collected in the middle of four seasons during two years from two warm regions, Dezful and Shushtar in South of Iran. The essential oils were ...
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To investigate variations in the essential oil content and composition, leaves of three Eucalyptus species named E. melliodora, E. kingsmilli and E. dundasii were collected in the middle of four seasons during two years from two warm regions, Dezful and Shushtar in South of Iran. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and the oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The maximum oil yield of E. melliodora was obtained in winter (3.1-3.9%) and spring (2.6-2.7%) from Shushtar samples, and in autumn (1.7-2.0%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1,8-cineole was found in winter and autumn in both regions. The maximum oil yield of E. kingsmilli was obtained in winter (2.8-3.1%) from Shushtar samples, and in authumn (2.7-3.2%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1, 8-cineole was found in winter and autumn in Shushtar and autumn, spring and winter in Dezful. The maximum oil yield of E. dundasii was obtained in winter (2.8-4.7%) from Shushtar samples, and in summer (0.9%) from Dezful samples. The highest percentage of 1, 8-cineole was found in spring and autumn in Shudhtar and spring in Dezful. There were also some variations in the amounts of other major and minor components. According to the results and to achieve a suitable quality and quantity of Eucalyptus essential oil, cultivation of E. melliodora in Shushtar and Dezful is recommended. For obtaining the highest oil yield and 1,8-cineole content from the mentioned Eucalyptus species, the best harvesting time for E. melliodora is spring and winter in Shushtar and autumn in Dezful. Cultivation of E. kingsmilli in Dezful is more suitable than that in Shushtar and the best harvesting time is spring and autumn in Shushtar and autumn in Dezful. Cultivation of E. dundasii is also recommended in Shushtar while not in Dezful due to its low yield and quality of essential oil. The best harvesting time for E. dundasii in Shushtar is winter (the highest oil yield) and spring (the highest 1, 8-cineole percentage).
M. Ghorbanli; ْا. Bakhshi Khaniki; S Salimi Elizei; M. Hedayati
Abstract
In this research, proline, soluble sugars, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels which change in response to water deficiency and the effect of ascorbic acid as protecting factor in Nigella sativa L. were surveyed. Plants were cultured in greenhouse and irrigated based on the following treatments: ...
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In this research, proline, soluble sugars, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels which change in response to water deficiency and the effect of ascorbic acid as protecting factor in Nigella sativa L. were surveyed. Plants were cultured in greenhouse and irrigated based on the following treatments: 1) Control with irrigation equal to field capacity, 2) two third of field capacity, 3) one third of field capacity, 4) two third of field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid, 5) two third of field capacity along with 1 mM ascorbic acid, 6) one third of field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid, 7) one third of field capacity along with 1 mM ascorbic acid. Proline and soluble sugars levels in shoots and roots were significantly different for all treatments except for the treatment with 2/3 field capacity along with 10 mM ascorbic acid. Enzymes levels in 1/3 and 2/3 treatments were significantly different in both shoots and roots. One mM ascorbic acid along with different field capacity showed no reducing effect. However, 10 mM ascorbic acid especially in 2/3 field capacity could reduce the effect of water deficit through reduction in level of metabolites produced in response to low irrigation.
F. Asadicorom; H. Mirzaie-Nodoushan; M. Emam; Gh. Bakhshi-Khaniki; H. Keneshloo; M.Y. Achak
Abstract
Plant responses to micro propagation may have genetic basis with quantitative or qualitative inheritance modes. Investigating of variations within and between populations of drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori) through culturing immature seeds and embryos, for responding to micro propagation, ...
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Plant responses to micro propagation may have genetic basis with quantitative or qualitative inheritance modes. Investigating of variations within and between populations of drumstick (Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori) through culturing immature seeds and embryos, for responding to micro propagation, were the main objectives of this study. A high number of immature seeds and embryos were collected from six different habitats of the species located at South part of Sistan and Baluchestan. These were aseptically cultured on 7 different mediums. A number of morphological traits were recorded on the growing genotypes for two successive times. The studied populations showed significant differences based on the length and width of the collected immature seeds. But they were not significantly different based on several other characteristics in the first time records. Number of lateral roots and shoot length were significantly different between the populations at this stage. There were significant differences between the studied culturing media based on several studied characters. Regarding significant interactions between the population and the culture media, WPM was the best for growing more mature seeds (collected from Bent and Chanf). Whereas, less mature seeds grown better in the media with higher calcium sources. The differences between the populations were revealed for number of root, root length and plantlet length based on the second time records. Significant interaction between the populations and media in several recorded characters showed that the alteration of the response of the plant populations were not similar across the media.
Z. Dehghan; F. Sefidkon; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; R. Kalvandi
Abstract
Different species from Labiatea family are used as spices and fragrance in food or as medicine for treatment of viral or microbial diseases in many countries. Labiatea family contains 46 genus and 410 species. One of the valuable and medicinal species of this family is Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. ...
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Different species from Labiatea family are used as spices and fragrance in food or as medicine for treatment of viral or microbial diseases in many countries. Labiatea family contains 46 genus and 410 species. One of the valuable and medicinal species of this family is Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. rigida (Boiss.). This species contains essential oil with pulegone as major compound. In this investigation, the effect of some ecological factors on essential oil content and composition of Z. clinopodioides was studied. The aerial parts of Z. clinopodioides have been collected at flowering stage from four habitats in Hamedan and Kurdestan provinces. The major parameters like altitude, side and slope percentage, soil characteristics and other species of plant were determined. The plant materials have been subjected to hydro-distillation in three replications to obtain their essential oils. The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that ecological factors had significant effect (a=0.01) on oil yields. Identification of chemical constituents of the oils showed that main compounds (pulegone and 1,8-cineole) and minor compounds exist in different percentage in different habitats. Therfore, the ecological factors affected essential oil composition of Z. clinopodioides.
E. Fathi; F. Sefidkon; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki; Z. Abravesh; M.H. Assareh
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May 2009, , Pages 64-74
Abstract
In this research, the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus largiflorens were collected in the middle of spring from Kashan in Isfahan province. After drying the plant materials in oven 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, sun and shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. In addition, the essential ...
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In this research, the fresh leaves of Eucalyptus largiflorens were collected in the middle of spring from Kashan in Isfahan province. After drying the plant materials in oven 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, sun and shade, their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. In addition, the essential oil of shade-dried sample was obtained by two other distillation methods (water and steam distillation and direct steam distillation). The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Oil yields (w/w) of the oven-dried 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, sun-dried and shade-dried sample were 1.37%, 1.58%, 1.59%, 1.31% and 1.32% respectively. 1,8-cineole (25.0%, 26.2%, 40.6%, 29.7% and 24.6%), P-cymene (17.2%, 17.4%, 20.3%, 20.5% and 17.1%) and α-pinene (16.2%, 12.6%, 14.4%, 7.2% and 9.9%) were identified as the main components in oven-dried 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, sun-dried and shade-dried sample, respectively. On the other hand, the oil yields were 0.92% and 0.77% in water and steam distillation and direct steam distillation. In different drying methods the result showed the oil yield and 1,8-cineole percentage were higher in oven-dried 50°C sample and in different distillation the oil yield in hydro-distillation was higher and the highest percentage of 1,8-cineole was obtained by water and steam distillation.
R. Abbas Azimi; F. Sefidkon; Z. Jamzad; Gh. Bakhshi Khaniki
Abstract
Vitex L. (250 species) is a large tropical genus with a few temperate species. Examining the morphological characters of leave, stem, corolla and calyx together, with the micro-morphological observations, revealed the occurrence of four species in the flora of Iran. These species are V. agnus-castus, ...
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Vitex L. (250 species) is a large tropical genus with a few temperate species. Examining the morphological characters of leave, stem, corolla and calyx together, with the micro-morphological observations, revealed the occurrence of four species in the flora of Iran. These species are V. agnus-castus, V. negundo, V. trifolia and V. pseudo-negundo. In this research, four species of Vitex werecollected in flowering stage from their natural habitats. Hydro-distillation method was used to obtaining the essential oils. Essential oils components were identified by capillary GC and GC/MS. In the oil of V. agnus-castus, the main components of essential oil were monoterpenoids (82.8%) with 1,8-cineole (18.5%), α-pinene (17.8%) and limonene (15.7%) as major components. In the oil of V. pseudo-negundo, the main components of the essential oil were sesquiterpenoids (50.7%) which have the highest amount in comparing with other species and include α-guaiene (14.2%), germacrene D (11/6%) and α-cadinol (10%). Also the monoterpenoids of the oil of this species were α-pinene (10.3-24.5%), limonene (4.4-12.8%) and 1,8-cineole (10.9%). In the oil of V. negundo the major components were monoterpenoids (66.6%), among them 1,8-cineole (20.8%) and α-pinene (18.8%) were the main components. In the oil of V. trifolia, the major components were monoterpenoids (67.1%) and the main constituents were identified as sabinene (24.6%) and α- pinene (23.9%). 1,8-cineole was not found in the oil of this species. β-caryophyllene was identified at higher percentage (10.5%) in the oil of V. trifolia
