Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008
M.A. Dorri; S.A. Hoseini (H); M.H. Lebaschy
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 117-125
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, ...
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Hypericum perforatum L. distributes in altitude 0–2000 meter from sea level in Golestan Province. In order to know about Hypericin content variations of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan Province, two natural habitats were selected, that were placed in west and east and called Drazno and Tuskaestan, respectively. For sample collecting, these habitats were divided to seven classes consist of: 1) 150-450, 2) 450-750, 3) 750-1050, 4) 1050-1350, 5) 1350-1650, 6) 1650-1950, 7) 1950-2250 meter from sea level. Samples were harvested from top of plants (20-25 cm) in flowering stage. The hypericin content was determined by spectrophotometer at 590 nm. Although it was varied by altitude variations, however Drazno has a positive correlation with the altitude variation. The highest content of hypericin was obtained from Tusakaestan sample (0.26 mg/g) in class 450-750 meter and from Drazno sample (0.25 mg/g) obtained in class 1950-2250 meter. These results suggested that there is a class in each habitat which are suitable for Hypericum growth and more hypericin yield.
G.H. Nasery; M. Mazandarani; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 126-134
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs that grows wild and wide distribution near the river, road and sunny positions in forest and mountainous rangelands in South East of Golestan Province, especially in 800-1250m above the sea level in medium soil texture, neutral PH and ...
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Tanacetum parthenium L. is one of the most important medicinal herbs that grows wild and wide distribution near the river, road and sunny positions in forest and mountainous rangelands in South East of Golestan Province, especially in 800-1250m above the sea level in medium soil texture, neutral PH and organic carbon percent with medium to high. In addition to its ecological and ethnopharmacological needs essential oil composition of this plant were also studied. Artemisia annua, Artemisia absintium, Mentha longifolia, Mentha aquatica, Thymus carmanicus, Cuminum cyminum,Echium amoenum, andSalix alba for sedative of headache and menstrual pain, cold, fever, inflammation and healing wound. Flowering aerial parts of this plant were collected in July 2006 in 1100m of Ziarat mountainous region, 6km far from Gorgan city in Golestan province. The essential oil of different parts of plant obtained by water distillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Camphor (53.5%), a-pinene (17.7%) and a-bisabolol oxide B (10.5%) were the major components of flower oil. But in leaf oil, camphor (38.9%), a-pinene (8.4%), germacrene D (6.3%) and g-terpinene (8.2%) were the main components. The results confirm use of this plant by the rural healers for curing many types of the sedative pain and other ailments.
Z. habibi; F. Shahriari; M. Yousefi; Y. Kia; A. Basiri
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 135-147
Abstract
The genus of Tanacetum belongs to Compositeae family, distributed in South and Southwestern Europe, Southwestern of Asia and North of Africa. The aerial parts of Tanacetum Canescens (DC.) were collected during the flowering stage from Sanandaj in Kordestan Province. The chloroform extract of T. canescens ...
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The genus of Tanacetum belongs to Compositeae family, distributed in South and Southwestern Europe, Southwestern of Asia and North of Africa. The aerial parts of Tanacetum Canescens (DC.) were collected during the flowering stage from Sanandaj in Kordestan Province. The chloroform extract of T. canescens was investigated and β-stigmasterol and two flavonoids, 5-hydroxy 6,7, 4'- trimethoxy flavone and 5,3'- dihydroxy 6,7, 4'– trimethoxy flavone were isolated. The structure of these natural products was elucidated by using 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
N. Ahmadi Mahmoodabadi; H. Madani; P. Mahzooni
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 148-161
Abstract
Artichoke with the scientific name of Cynara scolymus is a plantfromCompositeae family. In this research, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of artichoke on the changes of serum glucose, lipids and lipoproteins in alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Also, the effect of extract ...
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Artichoke with the scientific name of Cynara scolymus is a plantfromCompositeae family. In this research, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of artichoke on the changes of serum glucose, lipids and lipoproteins in alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats was investigated. Also, the effect of extract on damaged pancreatic tissue was investigated and was compared with glybenclamide as a chemical drug. Twenty adult male rats, weighing 200-250 gr, were used in four groups of five each (control, diabetic, diabetic+glibenclamide, diabetic + artichoke extract). The first group (control), received serum physiology equal to injecting material volume. Second group (diabetic), received 120 mg/kgbw alloxan monohydrate. Third group (diabetic + glibenclamide) received 0/5 mg/kg bw glibenclamide in addition to the similar treatment with second group. Fourth group (diabetic + Cynara scolymus) at first, became diabetic by alloxan monohydrate injection, then they received 300 mg/kgbw hydroalcoholic plant extract. Prescribing materials in all groups was done as interaperitoneal injection (IP). The results from statistical analysis show that Cynara scolymus extract reduce significantly the rate of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL than diabetic group (P</0 05). Also, artichoke which decreased rate of glucose was similar to glybenclamide group, but comparing to control group, it has significant difference. The effect of this plant on other investigating factors was similar to glybenclamid and control groups (P>/0 05). The results of Histologic studies confirmed this part of research. On the base of histologic results, extract have a significant effect on increasing the size of pancreatic islets, number of islet cells and cell proliferation than diabetic group. This research suggested that hydroalcoholic extract of Cynara scolymus has a significant effect on decreasing the blood sugar, serum lipids and lipoproteins than diabetic rats. Also the effect of extract in repairing damaged pancreatic tissue was confirmed.
K. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; M.H. Assareh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 162-176
Abstract
Rosa damascena Mill. commonly known as rose plant belonging to the family Rosaceae, is an important cultivated aromatic plant. This plant has been cultivated in Iran from many years ago. Due to literature, distillation of rose and obtaining rose water was done in Iran for the first time. In this investigation, ...
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Rosa damascena Mill. commonly known as rose plant belonging to the family Rosaceae, is an important cultivated aromatic plant. This plant has been cultivated in Iran from many years ago. Due to literature, distillation of rose and obtaining rose water was done in Iran for the first time. In this investigation, the effect of different drying methods (shade, oven 30, 40 and 50°C) on quantity and quality of essential oils of three genotypes of Rosa damascena were studies for the first time. The oils of all samples were obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed no significant difference between the oil yields of fresh and dried petals, but there was significant difference between percentages of main aromatic compounds. The oil of fresh petals had the highest percentage of geraniol and citronellol and the lowest percentage of stearoptens (heavy hydrocarbons). Therefore the best time for extraction of essential oil from Rosa damascena, is right after collection. Comparison of oil content and composition of dried samples showed drying in shade was better and produce higher percentage of oil and aromatic compounds.
M. Dashti; M.A. Azarbijani; M.B. Rezaee
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 177-188
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhaling alcoholic essential oil of Mentha piperita L. on aerobic power and the time to reach anaerobic threshold in athletes males. The subjects of this study were 20 athletes male (age: 20±4 years, height 175±5Cm, weight 68±4.2 ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inhaling alcoholic essential oil of Mentha piperita L. on aerobic power and the time to reach anaerobic threshold in athletes males. The subjects of this study were 20 athletes male (age: 20±4 years, height 175±5Cm, weight 68±4.2 Kg, VO2 max 43.21±3.34 ml/kg.min). They were divided into two groups randomly, inhaling alcoholic essential n=10 and control group n=10. First, subjects of the experimental group inhaled essential oil Mentha piperita and Ethanol for 30 minutes. Then they were tested by Conconi test and immediately after 15 minutes rest they were tested by Bruce test. The subjects of control group were tested in similar way but they inhaled water and alcohol. For comparing aerobic and anaerobic performance data were analyzed by T test for independent groups, but for examining the effect of inhaling odors we used ANOVA test (p<0.05). The results showed inhaling essential oil of Mentha piperita with different concentrations can significantly increase aerobic power and anaerobic threshold (p< 0.012). These was no similar significant differences in physical performance in control group. The benefit of inhaling odors may due to increasing in lung volume and capacity and stimulation of simpatico system. We suggest athletes can use inhaling peppermint odor for developing physical performance.
P. Ramak; F. Sefidkon
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 189-197
Abstract
Artemisia persica Boiss. is traditionally used for antipyretic, antimalarial, antihemorrhagic antihepatit, anticomplementary, antiulcerogenin and antispasmodic from ancient times. This investigation was carried out for investigating the changes of quantity and quality of essential oil of Artemisia persica ...
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Artemisia persica Boiss. is traditionally used for antipyretic, antimalarial, antihemorrhagic antihepatit, anticomplementary, antiulcerogenin and antispasmodic from ancient times. This investigation was carried out for investigating the changes of quantity and quality of essential oil of Artemisia persica in field and provenance. This research started from 1383 and lasted two years. Using randomized complete block design with 4 replication and carried out in 2 locations (Norabad & Brojerd). In second year the aerial parts of plants were collected from Borojerd and Norabad Fields and Garin Mountain at the altitude of 2900 m. Extracted Essential oil by water distillation (3h). The yields of essential oils in Borojerd (0.7%), Norabad (0.5%) and Garin provenance (0.9%) were calculated. Analysis and identification of chemical compositions of the essential oil were performed by GC and GC/MS. In all 31 compounds laciniata furanone E (17/1%), artedouglasia oxide C (13/2%), trans-pinocarveol (10/2%), pinocarvone (8/5%), α-pinene (5/8%), 1,8-cineole (5/6%) were the main components of Artemisia persica in Garin provenance. Laciniata furanone E spread mostly in Borojerd and Norabad fields. Quantity of laciniata furanone E in field of Brojerd compared with Norabad was significantly different at 5% probability level. Analysis of data with MSTATC indicated that the effect of location on essential oil was significantly different at 5% probability level.
M. Najafpour Navaei; M. Golipour; E. Parsa
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 198-206
Abstract
Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a perennial plant that has been distributed in Iran. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as hepatitis, control bleeding sedative, and balance especially in women menstrual. The purpose of this investigation was finding the best time and the normal distances ...
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Agrimonia eupatoria L. is a perennial plant that has been distributed in Iran. Its effective components are used to cure some diseases such as hepatitis, control bleeding sedative, and balance especially in women menstrual. The purpose of this investigation was finding the best time and the normal distances in cultivation on seed yield. Three stand density as 30, 40, 50cm (4, 6.2 and 9.2 per m-2) and four planting dates were based on factorial design with three replications, in research institute of forest and rangelands. Results showed 4/m-2 had significant differences on seed yield.
N. Fekri; M. Khayami; R. Heidari; M.A. Javadi
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 207-216
Abstract
Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) an annual or perennial herb, or dwarf shrub that originates in the Caucasian region and was cultivated for ornament and may be domesticated in East and East Central Europe. Dragon head was cultivated for its seeds from which oil is extracted. The seed ...
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Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) an annual or perennial herb, or dwarf shrub that originates in the Caucasian region and was cultivated for ornament and may be domesticated in East and East Central Europe. Dragon head was cultivated for its seeds from which oil is extracted. The seed contains up to 30% of a drying oil. One of effective compounds in this plant is mucilage. Mucilage has different applications in the broad field of pharmacy and medicine now. Mucilage was extracted from dragon's head seed and was identified by using thin-layer chromatography. Method involves the following steps: first by extraction, purification, dialysis, lyophilization, deionization, hydrolyze and TLC analysis for choosing the best separation system, these separation systems were: 1- Silica gel G 60 HF plate using n- butanol: acid acetic: water (50:25:25 v/v) as mobile system. 2- Silica gel G 60 HF plate using chloroform: methanol (60:40 v/v) as solvent system. 3- Kieselguhr G plate using n- butanol: acetone: phosphoric acid (40:50:10 v/v) as mobile system. Finally, the best results achieved by using n-butanol: acetone: phosphoric acid (40:50:10 v/v) as mobile system on the Kieselguhr G plate as stationary phase. Lallemantia iberica mucilage was separated into seven spots. Mucilage of Lallemantia iberica seeds was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose, glucose and rhamnose monosaccharide. This result is useful for more and better characterization of dragon's head mucilage for application in food industry.
H. Amiri
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 217-224
Abstract
Zosimia absinthifolia (Vent.) Link.is a permanent herb that belongs to Umbelliferae family and grows wild in Iran. The plant materials were collected from Alshtar in North of Lorestan province at three stages including before flowering, full flowering and fruiting stages and subjected to hydrodistillation ...
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Zosimia absinthifolia (Vent.) Link.is a permanent herb that belongs to Umbelliferae family and grows wild in Iran. The plant materials were collected from Alshtar in North of Lorestan province at three stages including before flowering, full flowering and fruiting stages and subjected to hydrodistillation using a Cleavenger type apparatus for 3h. Yields of essential oil were 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% w/w before flowering, full flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Fourty seven, thirty eigth and thirty seven compounds were identified in oils before flowering, full flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. n-octanol, germacrene-D, β-caryophyllene, octyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, α-pinene and limonene were the main components of essential oil of different growth stages.
S. Farjnia; M. Janahmadi; H. Abbasipour; J. Vatanparast; M. Kamalinejad
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 225-236
Abstract
Tarragon)Artemisia dracunculus L.) is a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family used for its aromatic leaves in seasoning. In Iranian ancient medicine, the dried aerial parts of this plant were orally used to treat epilepsy. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. In the present study, ...
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Tarragon)Artemisia dracunculus L.) is a perennial herb in the Asteraceae family used for its aromatic leaves in seasoning. In Iranian ancient medicine, the dried aerial parts of this plant were orally used to treat epilepsy. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. In the present study, using intracellular recording the anti-epileptiform potential of the ethanolic extract of tarragon and its possible cellular mechanism was assessed against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) epileptogenesis. In the presence of tarragon extract (0.1%), the PTZ-induced burst activity disappeared. The cell membrane potential became 67.8% more depolarized than the control value. The firing frequency also decreased 62.5% and 83.8% compared to control and in the presence of PTZ, respectively. Exposure to extract, furthermore, caused 36% reduction in the amplitude of after hyper polarization (AHP) compared to control, but not to PTZ, condition. On the other hand, extra cellular application of extract alone led to a membrane depolarization by about 16.69%. While, the firing frequency reduced to 77.3% of control and the amplitude of both action potential and AHP remained almost unchanged. These changes were associated with a shift in the neuronal firing pattern from regular tonic to an irregular mode. Pretreatment with tarragon extract did not completely prevent the epileptogenesis induced by PTZ. Consequently, these results suggest that tarragon extract reduces the neuronal excitability possibly through the membrane depolarization.
M. Modaresi; M. Messripoor; M. Asadi Morghmaleki; M.K. Hamadanian
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 237-243
Abstract
It is desirable to use of point out to herbal components to avoid undesirable effects of chemical drugs. Saffron is used widespread as food colorant, flavor and reputes in folk medicine as a drug. Recent studies have revealed that components of saffron may have a number of physiological effects on different ...
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It is desirable to use of point out to herbal components to avoid undesirable effects of chemical drugs. Saffron is used widespread as food colorant, flavor and reputes in folk medicine as a drug. Recent studies have revealed that components of saffron may have a number of physiological effects on different organs of body. The aim of the present study was to clarify the efficacy of saffron on the histological properties of testis in mice. Four groups, including eight adult male Balb/C mice weighing 305g were used in this study. Saffron extract in doses of 25, 50 and 100 were injected intraperitoneally for 20 days to the experimental groups. Control group received normal saline as placebo. Histological properties as seminiferous tubules scattering, testis weight and the number of primary spermatocytes, were compared with the placebo controlled group. The number of primary spermatocytes increased significantly compared to with placebo but no significant differences were observed in histological properties and testis weight between experimental groups and placebo controlled group. The results of this study indicate that saffron extract can modify the reproduction activities in male mice.
A. Shafaghat; H. Akhlaghi; A.R. Motavalizadeh Kakhky; K. Larijani; A. Rustaiyan
Volume 24, Issue 2 , August 2008, Pages 244-252
Abstract
The Umbelliferae family comprising about 300 genera and 3000 species worldwide is also widespread in Iran. The genus Chaerophyllum L. is represented in the flora of Iran by eight species of which two are endemic (Chaerophyllum khorassanicum and Chaerophyllum nivale). In this work, the plant material ...
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The Umbelliferae family comprising about 300 genera and 3000 species worldwide is also widespread in Iran. The genus Chaerophyllum L. is represented in the flora of Iran by eight species of which two are endemic (Chaerophyllum khorassanicum and Chaerophyllum nivale). In this work, the plant material was collected on 3 July 2005 in Khalkhal area (Ardabil Province) at an altitude of 1950m near Lonbar village, in North–West of Iran. The aerial part and root of plant were air-dried at room temperature for ten days then subjected to hydrodistillation for 3 and 4 hours respectively, using a Clevenger–type apparatus. The analysis of the oils was performed by using GC and GC/MS methods. Eighteen constituents (0.2% V/W) representing 99.2% of the essential oil of aerial part and ten components (96.3%) of the root oil (0.17% V/W) has been identified. The main components of the root oil were myristicin (39.1%), terpinolene (23.0%), E-β-ocimene (21.9%), and γ-terpinene (5.4%). Whereas, the oil of aerial part was characterized by higher amount of E-β-ocimene (24.9%), myristicin (15.7%), terpinolene (14.2%), fenchyl acetate (13.9%), Z-β-ocimene (6.3%) and sabinene (6.1%). The comparison between two sections of plant showed in the root oil, myristicin as a predominated compound over aerial part oil.
